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  • ThreadLocal原理分析与代码验证

    ThreadLocal提供了线程安全的数据存储和访问方式,利用不带key的get和set方法,居然能做到线程之间隔离,非常神奇。

    比如

    ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
    

    in thread 1

    //in thread1
    treadLocal.set("value1");
    .....
    //value的值是value1
    String value = threadLocal.get();
    

    in thread 2

    //in thread2
    treadLocal.set("value2");
    .....
    //value的值是value2
    String value = threadLocal.get();
    

    不论thread1和thread2是不是同时执行,都不会有线程安全问题,我们来测试一下。

    线程安全测试

    开10个线程,每个线程内都对同一个ThreadLocal对象set不同的值,会发现ThreadLocal在每个线程内部get出来的值,只会是自己线程内set进去的值,不会被别的线程影响。

    static void testUsage() throws InterruptedException {
        Utils.println("-------------testUsage-------------------");
        ThreadLocal<Long> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
        AtomicBoolean threadSafe = new AtomicBoolean(true);
        int count = 10;
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(count);
        Random random = new Random(736832);
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i ++){
            new Thread(() -> {
                try {
                    //生成一个随机数
                    Long value = System.nanoTime() + random.nextInt();
                    threadLocal.set(value);
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
    
                    Long value2 = threadLocal.get();
                    if (!value.equals(value2)) {
                        //get和set的value不一致,说明被别的线程修改了,但这是不可能出现的
                        threadSafe.set(false);
                        Utils.println("thread unsafe, this could not be happen!");
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    
                }finally {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
    
            }).start();
        }
    
        countDownLatch.await();
    
        Utils.println("all thread done, and threadSafe is " + threadSafe.get());
        Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
    }
    

    输出:

    -------------testUsage------------------
    all thread done, and threadSafe is true
    -----------------------------------------
    

    原理浅析

    翻开ThreadLocal的源码,会发现ThreadLocal只是一个空壳子,它并不存储具体的value,而是利用当前线程(Thread.currentThread())的threadLocalMap来存储value,key就是这个threadLocal对象本身。

    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }
    
    ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }
    

    Thread的threadLocals字段是ThreadLocalMap类型(你可以简单理解为一个key value的Map),key是ThreadLocal对象,value是我们在外层设置的值

    • 当我们调用threadLocal.set(value)方法的时候,会找到当前线程的threadLocals这个map,然后以this作为key去set key value
    • 当我们调用threadLocal.get()方法的时候,会找到当前线程的threadLocals这个map,然后以this作为key去get value
    • 当我们调用threadLocal.remove()方法的时候,会找到当前线程的threadLocals这个map,然后以this作为key去remove

    这就相当于:

    Thread.currentThread().threadLocals.set(threadLocal1, "value1");
    .....
    //value的值是value1
    String value = Thread.currentThread().threadLocals.get(threadLocal1);
    

    因为每个Thread都是不同的对象,所以他们的threadLocals也是不同的map,threadLocal在不同的线程里工作时,实际上是从不同的map里get/set,这也就是线程安全的原因了,了解到这一点就差不多了。

    再深入一些,ThreadLocalMap的结构

    如果继续翻ThreadLocalMap的源码,会发现它有个字段table,是Entry类型的数组。

    我们不妨写段代码,把ThreadLocalMap的结构输出出来。

    由于Thread.threadLocals和ThreadLocalMap类不是public的,我们只有通过反射来获取它的值。反射的代码如下(如果嫌长可以不看,直接看输出):

    static Object getThreadLocalMap(Thread thread) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {		
        //get thread.threadLocals
        Field threadLocals = Thread.class.getDeclaredField("threadLocals");
        threadLocals.setAccessible(true);
        return threadLocals.get(thread);
    }
    
    static void printThreadLocalMap(Object threadLocalMap) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        
        if(threadLocalMap == null){
            Utils.println("threadMap is null, threadName:" + threadName);
            return;
        }
    
        Utils.println(threadName);
    
        //get threadLocalMap.table
        Field tableField = threadLocalMap.getClass().getDeclaredField("table");
        tableField.setAccessible(true);
        Object[] table = (Object[])tableField.get(threadLocalMap);
        Utils.println("----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = " + table.length);
    
        for (int i = 0; i < table.length; i ++){
            WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> entry = (WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>>)table[i];
            printEntry(entry, i);
        }
    }
    static void printEntry(WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> entry, int i) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        if(entry == null){
            Utils.println("--------table[" + i + "] -> null");
            return;
        }
        ThreadLocal key = entry.get();
        //get entry.value
        Field valueField = entry.getClass().getDeclaredField("value");
        valueField.setAccessible(true);
        Object value = valueField.get(entry);
    
        Utils.println("--------table[" + i + "] -> entry key = " + key + ", value = " + value);
    }
    

    测试代码:

    static void testStructure() throws InterruptedException {
        Utils.println("-------------testStructure----------------");
        ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
        ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
            threadLocal2.set("threadLocal2-value");
    
            try {
                Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }, "thread1");
    
        thread1.start();
    
        //wait thread1 done
        thread1.join();
    
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
            try {
                Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }, "thread2");
    
        thread2.start();
        thread2.join();
        Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
    }
    

    我们在创建了两个ThreadLocal的对象threadLocal1和threadLocal2,在线程1里为这两个对象设置值,在线程2里只为threadLocal1设置值。然后分别打印出这两个线程的threadLocalMap。

    输出结果为:

    -------------testStructure----------------
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@33baa315, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@4d42db5c, value = threadLocal1-value
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    thread2
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> null
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@4d42db5c, value = threadLocal1-value
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    ------------------------------------------
    

    从结果上可以看出:

    • 线程1和线程2的threadLocalMap对象的table字段,是个数组,长度都是16
    • 由于线程1里给两个threadLocal对象设置了值,所以线程1的ThreadLocalMap里有两个entry,数组下标分别是1和10,其余的是null(如果你自己写代码验证,下标不一定是1和10,不需要纠结这个问题,只要前后对的上就行)
    • 由于线程2里只给一个threadLocal对象设置了值,所以线程1的ThreadLocalMap里只有一个entry,数组下标是10,其余的是null
    • threadLocal1这个对象在两个线程里都设置了值,所以当它作为key加入二者的threadLocalMap时,key是一样的,都是java.lang.ThreadLocal@4d42db5c;下标也是一样的,都是10。

    为什么是WeakReference

    查看Entry的源码,会发现Entry继承自WeakReference:

    static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
        /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
        Object value;
    
        Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
            super(k);
            value = v;
        }
    }
    

    构造函数里把key传给了super,也就是说,ThreadLocalMap中对key的引用,是WeakReference的。

    Weak reference objects, which do not prevent their referents from being
    made finalizable, finalized, and then reclaimed. Weak references are most
    often used to implement canonicalizing mappings.

    通俗点解释:

    当一个对象仅仅被weak reference(弱引用), 而没有任何其他strong reference(强引用)的时候, 不论当前的内存空间是否足够,当GC运行的时候, 这个对象就会被回收。

    看不明白没关系,还是写代码测试一下什么是WeakReference吧...

    static void testWeakReference(){
        Object obj1 = new Object();
        Object obj2 = new Object();
        WeakReference<Object> obj1WeakRef = new WeakReference<>(obj1);
        WeakReference<Object> obj2WeakRf = new WeakReference<>(obj2);
        //obj32StrongRef是强引用
        Object obj2StrongRef = obj2;
        Utils.println("before gc: obj1WeakRef = " + obj1WeakRef.get() + ", obj2WeakRef = " + obj2WeakRf.get() + ", obj2StrongRef = " + obj2StrongRef);
    
        //把obj1和obj2设为null
        obj1 = null;
        obj2 = null;
        //强制gc
        forceGC();
    
        Utils.println("after gc: obj1WeakRef = " + obj1WeakRef.get() + ", obj2WeakRef = " + obj2WeakRf.get() + ", obj2StrongRef = " + obj2StrongRef);
    }
    

    结果输出:

    before gc: obj1WeakRef = java.lang.Object@4554617c, obj2WeakRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482, obj2StrongRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482
    after gc: obj1WeakRef = null, obj2WeakRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482, obj2StrongRef = java.lang.Object@74a14482
    

    从结果上可以看出:

    • 我们先new了两个对象(为避免混淆,称他们为Object1和Object2),分别用变量obj1和obj2指向它们,同时定义了一个obj2StrongRef,也指向Object2,最后把obj1和obj2均指向null
    • 由于Object1没有变量强引用它了,所以在gc后,Object1被回收了,obj1WeakRef.get()返回了null
    • 由于Object2还有obj2StrongRef在引用它,所以gc后,Object2依然存在,没有被回收。

    那么,ThreadLocalMap中对key的引用,为什么是WeakReference的呢?

    因为大部分情况下,线程不死

    大部分情况下,线程不会频繁的创建和销毁,一般都会用线程池。所以线程对象一般不会被清除,线程的threadLocalMap就一直存在。
    如果key对ThreadLocal是强引用,那么key永远不会被回收,即使我们程序里再也不用它了。

    但是key是弱引用的话,情况就会得到改善:只要没有指向threadLocal的强引用了,这个ThreadLocal对象就会被清理。

    我们还是写代码测试一下吧。

    /**
     * 测试ThreadLocal对象什么时候被回收
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    static void testGC() throws InterruptedException {
        Utils.println("-----------------testGC-------------------");
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
            ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
            threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
            threadLocal2.set("threadLocal2-value");
    
            try {
                Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap before gc");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
                //set threadLocal1 unreachable
                threadLocal1 = null;
    
                forceGC();
    
                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after gc");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
    
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }, "thread1");
    
        thread1.start();
        thread1.join();
        Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
    }
    
    

    我们在一个线程里为两个ThreadLocal对象赋值,最后把其中一个对象的强引用移除,gc后打印当前线程的threadLocalMap。
    输出结果如下:

    -----------------testGC-------------------
    print threadLocalMap before gc
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@7bf9cebf, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@56342d38, value = threadLocal1-value
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    print threadLocalMap after gc
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@7bf9cebf, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal1-value
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    ------------------------------------------
    

    从输出结果可以看到,当我们把threadLocal1的强引用移除并gc之后,table[10]的key变成了null,说明threadLocal1这个对象被回收了;threadLocal2的强引用还在,所以table[1]的key不是null,没有被回收。

    但是你发现没有,table[10]的key虽然是null了,但value还活着! table[10]这个entry对象,也活着!

    是的,因为只有key是WeakReference....

    无用的entry什么时候被回收?

    通过查看ThreadLocal的源码,发现在ThreadLocal对象的get/set/remove方法执行时,都有机会清除掉map中已经无用的entry。

    最容易验证清除无用entry的场景分别是:

    • remove:这个不用说了,这哥们本来就是做这个的
    • get:当一个新的threadLocal对象(没有set过value)发生get调用时,也会作为新的entry加入map,在加入的过程中,有机会清除掉无用的entry,逻辑和下面的set相同。
    • set: 当一个新的threadLocal对象(没有set过value)发生set调用时,会在map中加入新的entry,此时有机会清除掉无用的entry,清除的逻辑是:
      • 清除掉table数组中的那些无用entry中的一部分,记住是一部分,这个一部分可能全部,也可能是0,具体算法请看ThreadLocalMap.cleanSomeSlots,这里不解释了。
      • 如果上一步的"一部分"是0(即清除了0个),并且map的size(是真实size,不是table.length)大于等于threshold(table.length的2/3),会执行一次rehash,在rehash的过程中,清理掉所有无用的entry,并减小size,清理后的size如果还大于等于threshold - threshold/4,则把table扩容为原来的两倍大小。

    还有其他场景,但不好验证,这里就不提了。

    ThreadLocal源码就不贴了,贴了也讲不明白,相关逻辑在setInitialValue、cleanSomeSlots、expungeStaleEntries、rehash、resize等方法里。

    在我们写代码验证entry回收逻辑之前,还需要简单的提一下ThreadLocalMap的hash算法。

    entry数组的下标如何确定?

    每个ThreadLocal对象,都有一个threadLocalHashCode变量,在加入ThreadLocalMap的时候,根据这个threadLocalHashCode的值,对entry数组的长度取余(hash & (len - 1)),余数作为下标。

    那么threadLocalHashCode是怎么计算的呢?看源码:

    public class ThreadLocal<T>{
        private final int threadLocalHashCode = nextHashCode();
        private static AtomicInteger nextHashCode = new AtomicInteger();
    
        private static final int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;
    
        private static int nextHashCode() {
            return nextHashCode.getAndAdd(HASH_INCREMENT);
        }
        ...
    }
    

    ThreadLocal类维护了一个全局静态字段nextHashCode,每new一个ThreadLocal对象,nextHashCode都会递增0x61c88647,作为下一个ThreadLocal对象的threadLocalHashCode。

    这个0x61c88647,是个神奇的数字,只要以它为递增值,那么和2的N次方取余时,在有限的次数内不会发生重复。
    比如和16取余,那么在16次递增内,不会发生重复。还是写代码验证一下吧。

    int hashCode = 0;
    int HASH_INCREMENT = 0x61c88647;
    int length = 16;
    
    for(int i = 0; i < length ; i ++){
        int h = hashCode & (length - 1);
        hashCode += HASH_INCREMENT;
        System.out.println("h = " + h + ", i = " + i);
    }
    

    输出结果为:

    h = 0, i = 0
    h = 7, i = 1
    h = 14, i = 2
    h = 5, i = 3
    h = 12, i = 4
    h = 3, i = 5
    h = 10, i = 6
    h = 1, i = 7
    h = 8, i = 8
    h = 15, i = 9
    h = 6, i = 10
    h = 13, i = 11
    h = 4, i = 12
    h = 11, i = 13
    h = 2, i = 14
    h = 9, i = 15
    
    

    你看,h的值在16次递增内,没有发生重复。 但是要记住,2的N次方作为长度才会有这个效果,这也解释了为什么ThreadLocalMap的entry数组初始长度是16,每次都是2倍的扩容。

    验证新threadLocal的get和set时回收部分无效的entry

    为了验证出结果,我们需要先给ThreadLocal的nextHashCode重置一个初始值,这样在测试的时候,每个threadLocal的数组下标才会按照我们设计的思路走。

    static void resetNextHashCode() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Field nextHashCodeField = ThreadLocal.class.getDeclaredField("nextHashCode");
        nextHashCodeField.setAccessible(true);
        nextHashCodeField.set(null, new AtomicInteger(1253254570));
    }
    

    然后在测试代码里,我们先调用resetNextHashCode方法,然后加两个ThreadLocal对象并set值,gc前把强引用去除,gc后再new两个新的theadLocal对象,分别调用他们的get和set方法。
    在每个关键点打印出threadLocalMap做比较。

    static void testExpungeSomeEntriesWhenGetOrSet() throws InterruptedException {
        Utils.println("----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------");
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                resetNextHashCode();
    
                //注意,这里必须有两个ThreadLocal,才能验证出threadLocal1被清理
                ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
                ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
                threadLocal1.set("threadLocal1-value");
                threadLocal2.set("threadLocal2-value");
    
    
                Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
                //set threadLocal1 unreachable
                threadLocal1 = null;
                threadLocal2 = null;
                forceGC();
    
                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after gc");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
                ThreadLocal<String> newThreadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
                newThreadLocal1.get();
                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
                ThreadLocal<String> newThreadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<>();
                newThreadLocal2.set("newThreadLocal2-value");
                Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal2.set");
                printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
    
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }, "thread1");
    
        thread1.start();
        thread1.join();
        Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
    }
    

    程序输出结果为:

    ----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------
    print threadLocalMap after gc
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal1-value
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@2b63dc81, value = null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> null
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal2.set
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> null
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> null
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@2b63dc81, value = null
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> null
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> null
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@2e93c547, value = newThreadLocal2-value
    ------------------------------------------
    

    从结果上来看,

    • gc后table[1]和table[10]的key变成了null
    • new newThreadLocal1.get后,新增了table[8],table[10]被清理了,但table[1]还在(这就是cleanSomeSlots中some的意思)
    • new newThreadLocal2.set后,新增了table[15],table[1]被清理了。

    验证map的size大于等于table.length的2/3时回收所有无效的entry

    	static void testExpungeAllEntries() throws InterruptedException {
    		Utils.println("----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------");
    		Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
    			try {
    				resetNextHashCode();
    
    				int threshold = 16 * 2 / 3;
    				ThreadLocal[] threadLocals = new ThreadLocal[threshold - 1];
    				for(int i = 0; i < threshold - 1; i ++){
    					threadLocals[i] = new ThreadLocal<String>();
    					threadLocals[i].set("threadLocal" + i + "-value");
    				}
    
    				Object threadLocalMap = getThreadLocalMap(Thread.currentThread());
    
    				threadLocals[1] = null;
    				threadLocals[8] = null;
    				//threadLocals[6] = null;
    				//threadLocals[4] = null;
    				//threadLocals[2] = null;
    				forceGC();
    
    				Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after gc");
    				printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
    				ThreadLocal<String> newThreadLocal1 = new ThreadLocal<>();
    				newThreadLocal1.set("newThreadLocal1-value");
    				Utils.println("print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get");
    				printThreadLocalMap(threadLocalMap);
    
    			} catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    
    		}, "thread1");
    
    		thread1.start();
    		thread1.join();
    		Utils.println("------------------------------------------");
    	}
    
    

    我们先创建了9个threadLocal对象并设置了值,然后去掉了其中2个的强引用(注意这2个可不是随意挑选的)。
    gc后再添加一个新的threadLocal,最后打印出最新的map。输出为:

    ----------testExpungeStaleEntries----------
    print threadLocalMap after gc
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 16
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal1-value
    --------table[2] -> entry key = null, value = threadLocal8-value
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@60523912, value = threadLocal6-value
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@48fccd7a, value = threadLocal4-value
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@188bbe72, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[9] -> null
    --------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@19e0ebe8, value = threadLocal0-value
    --------table[11] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@688bcb6f, value = threadLocal7-value
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@46324c19, value = threadLocal5-value
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@38f1283, value = threadLocal3-value
    print threadLocalMap after call a new newThreadLocal1.get
    thread1
    ----threadLocals (ThreadLocalMap), table.length = 32
    --------table[0] -> null
    --------table[1] -> null
    --------table[2] -> null
    --------table[3] -> null
    --------table[4] -> null
    --------table[5] -> null
    --------table[6] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@48fccd7a, value = threadLocal4-value
    --------table[7] -> null
    --------table[8] -> null
    --------table[9] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@1dae16b1, value = newThreadLocal1-value
    --------table[10] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@19e0ebe8, value = threadLocal0-value
    --------table[11] -> null
    --------table[12] -> null
    --------table[13] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@46324c19, value = threadLocal5-value
    --------table[14] -> null
    --------table[15] -> null
    --------table[16] -> null
    --------table[17] -> null
    --------table[18] -> null
    --------table[19] -> null
    --------table[20] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@60523912, value = threadLocal6-value
    --------table[21] -> null
    --------table[22] -> null
    --------table[23] -> null
    --------table[24] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@188bbe72, value = threadLocal2-value
    --------table[25] -> null
    --------table[26] -> null
    --------table[27] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@688bcb6f, value = threadLocal7-value
    --------table[28] -> null
    --------table[29] -> null
    --------table[30] -> null
    --------table[31] -> entry key = java.lang.ThreadLocal@38f1283, value = threadLocal3-value
    ------------------------------------------
    

    从结果上看:

    • gc后table[1]和table[2](即threadLocal1和threadLocal8)的key变成了null
    • 加入新的threadLocal后,table的长度从16变成了32(因为此时的size是8,正好等于10 - 10/4,所以扩容),并且threadLocal1和threadLocal8这两个entry不见了。

    如果在gc前,我们把threadLocals[1、8、6、4、2]都去掉强引用,加入新threadLocal后会发现1、8、6、4、2被清除了,但没有扩容,因为此时size是5,小于10-10/4。这个逻辑就不贴测试结果了,你可以取消注释上面代码中相关的逻辑试试。

    大部分场景下,ThreadLocal对象的生命周期是和app一致的,弱引用形同虚设

    回到现实中。

    我们用ThreadLocal的目的,无非是在跨方法调用时更方便的线程安全地存储和使用变量。这就意味着ThreadLocal的生命周期很长,甚至和app是一起存活的,强引用一直在。

    既然强引用一直存在,那么弱引用就形同虚设了。

    所以在确定不再需要ThreadLocal中的值的情况下,还是老老实实的调用remove方法吧!

    代码地址

    https://github.com/kongxiangxin/pine/tree/master/threadlocal

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/default/p/11918324.html
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