Android四大组件之Activity & Fragement

1.Activity的生命周期

从onResume到onStop之前，为活动周期。

从onStart到onStop为可见周期

从onCreate到onDestory为完整生命周期。

进入onStop之后，Activity可以被销毁。

2.Fragement的生命周期

3.Activity & Fragement的关系

编译运行，启动程序打印日志如下：

切换到后台，日志如下：

从后台切换到前台，日志如下：

切换到其他的activity，日志如下：

从其他的activity切换回来，日志如下：

按home键退出，日志如下：

4.如何定义使用Fragement

package com.joyfulmath.android4example.fragement;

import com.joyfulmath.android4example.R;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Window;

public class FragementActivity extends Activity implements onClickResult {

    private static final String TAG = "framentdemo.FragementActivity";
    TitleFragment mTitleFragment;
    DetailFragment mDetailFragmentA;
    DetailFragment mDetailFragmentB;
    FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle)
     */
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Log.d(TAG, "[onCreate]");
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.layout_fragement_main);
        setDefaultFragment();
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.Activity#onStart()
     */
    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.Activity#onResume()
     */
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.Activity#onPause()
     */
    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.Activity#onStop()
     */
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * 
     * @see android.app.Activity#onDestroy()
     */
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    private void setDefaultFragment() {
        Log.d(TAG, "[setDefaultFragment]");
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
        mTitleFragment = new TitleFragment();
        mTitleFragment.setmClicklistener(this);
        mTitleFragment.SetHighLight(0);
        transaction.replace(R.id.title, mTitleFragment);
        mDetailFragmentA = new DetailFragment();
        mDetailFragmentA.setName("detail_A");
        transaction.replace(R.id.detail, mDetailFragmentA);
//        transaction.addToBackStack("detail_A");
        transaction.commit();
    }

    @Override
    public void onClickIndex(int index) {
        Log.d(TAG, "[onClickIndex] index:" + index);
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fm.beginTransaction();
        switch (index) {
        case 0:
            mDetailFragmentA = new DetailFragment();
            mDetailFragmentA.setName("detail_A");
            transaction.replace(R.id.detail, mDetailFragmentA);
            transaction.addToBackStack("detail_A");
            break;
        case 1:
            mDetailFragmentB = new DetailFragment();
            mDetailFragmentB.setName("detail_B");
            transaction.replace(R.id.detail, mDetailFragmentB);
            transaction.addToBackStack("detail_B");
            break;
        }
        transaction.commit();
    }
}

package com.joyfulmath.android4example.fragement;

import com.joyfulmath.android4example.R;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {

    private static final String TAG = "framentdemo.DetailFragment";
    private String name;
    TextView mDetailText;
    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onCreateView(android.view.LayoutInflater, android.view.ViewGroup, android.os.Bundle)
     */
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(TAG, "[onCreateView] ");
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_detail_fragment, container, false);
        mDetailText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.detail_text);
        return view;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onStart()
     */
    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        mDetailText.setText(name);
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onSaveInstanceState(android.os.Bundle)
     */
    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onStop()
     */
    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Log.d(TAG, "[onStop] name:"+name);
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onDestroyView()
     */
    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        Log.d(TAG, "[onDestroyView] name:"+name);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * @param name the name to set
     */
    public void setName(String name) {
        Log.d(TAG, "[setName] name:"+name);
        this.name = name;
    }
}

package com.joyfulmath.android4example.fragement;

import com.joyfulmath.android4example.R;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;

public class TitleFragment extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {

    private static final String TAG = "framentdemo.TitleFragment";
    private Button btnA;
    private Button btnB;
    private int mHighIndex = 0;
    onClickResult mClicklistener;
    /**
     * @param mClicklistener the mClicklistener to set
     */
    public void setmClicklistener(onClickResult mClicklistener) {
        this.mClicklistener = mClicklistener;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onCreateView(android.view.LayoutInflater, android.view.ViewGroup, android.os.Bundle)
     */
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(TAG, "[onCreateView] ");
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_title_fragment, container, false);
        btnA = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_a);
        btnB = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_b);
        btnA.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnB.setOnClickListener(this);
        return view;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onStart()
     */
    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        setHighIndex();
        super.onStart();
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onSaveInstanceState(android.os.Bundle)
     */
    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onStop()
     */
    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see android.app.Fragment#onDestroyView()
     */
    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        ShowFragmentDetail(v.getId());
    }

    private void ShowFragmentDetail(int id) {
        switch(id)
        {
        case R.id.btn_a:
            SetHighLight(0);
            setHighIndex();
            if(mClicklistener!=null)
            {
                mClicklistener.onClickIndex(0);
            }
            break;
        case R.id.btn_b:
            SetHighLight(1);
            setHighIndex();
            if(mClicklistener!=null)
            {
                mClicklistener.onClickIndex(1);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    
    public void SetHighLight(int index)
    {
        mHighIndex = index;
    }
    
    private void setHighIndex()
    {
        switch(mHighIndex)
        {
        case 0:
            btnA.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
            btnB.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
            break;
        case 1:
            btnA.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
            btnB.setTextColor(Color.BLUE);
            break;    
        }
    }
}

package com.joyfulmath.android4example.fragement;

public interface onClickResult {
    void onClickIndex(int index);
}

5.多个Fragement之间如何切换。

using transaction.replace(R.id.detail, mDetailFragmentB);

6.Avtivity 启动其他Activity & Service & BroadCast。

 1).activity.startactivity

 2).activity.startservice

 3).activity.sendbroadcast/context.sendbroadcast.