Django ---- blog项目学习所得

一、登录功能

　　1、采用ajax 提交form表单的方式

　　2、后台生成随机验证码，登录时提交验证码

　　3、用PLI库生成随机验证码，置于session中，登录时与前台提交的code进行upeer（）的验证　　

    <div class="col-lg-6">
         <img height="35" width="250" src="/get_code/" alt="">
     </div>

二、首页

1、index.html分别采用头和container的布局

<div class="my_head">
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-3">
                <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">广告信息</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    重金求子
                </div>
            </div>
        <div class="col-md-6">
        <div class="col-md-3">        

2、head处理时，如果已经登录，则显示username

     {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
                        <li><a href="/login/">{{ request.user.username }}</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#"></a></li>
                        <li class="dropdown">
                            <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button"
                               aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多信息 <span class="caret"></span></a>
                            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                                <li><a href="#">修改密码</a></li>
                                <li><a href="#">修改头像</a></li>
                                <li><a href="/logout/">退出登录</a></li>
                            </ul>
                        </li>
                    {% else %}
                        <li><a href="/login/">登录</a></li>
                        <li><a href="/register/">注册</a></li>
                    {% endif %}

3、class="media-left"将div分别放于同一行左右侧

class="glyphicon glyphicon-comment"图标的话可以采用bootcss的、也可以用static里的font-awesome的拿来即用

  <div class="col-md-6">
            {% for articles in articles_list %}
                <p><h4><a href="">{{ articles.title }}</a></h4></p>
                <div class="media-left"><img height="60" width="60"
                                             src="/media/{{ articles.user.avatar }}"
                                             alt=""></div>
                <div class="media-right">
                    {{ articles.desc }}
                </div>
                <div style="margin-top: 10px">
                <span><a href="">{{ articles.user.username }}</a></span>&nbsp
                <span>发布于：{{ articles.create_time|date:'Y-m-d' }}</span>&nbsp
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-comment">评论数（{{ articles.comment_count}}）</span>&nbsp
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up">点赞数（{{ articles.up_count}}）</span>&nbsp

                </div>
                <hr>
            {% endfor %}
        </div>

def index(request):
    articles_list = models.Article.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'index.html', locals())

三、注册的头像设计

1、为了使得点击字体或者图片都能发生jquery的change事件，label标签的for属性和input的id属性一样即可

 <div class="form-group">

                    <label for="my_file">头像
                        <img height="60px" width="60px" src="/static/img/default.png" id="id_img">
                    </label>
                    <input type="file" id="my_file">
                </div>

2、读取图片内容到img标签里

 $("#my_file").change(function () {
        alert(123)
        //$("#my_file")[0].files[0]  取出文件
        var obj=$("#my_file")[0].files[0]
        //生成一个文件阅读器
        var read=new FileReader()
        //把文件读到我的对象里
        read.readAsDataURL(obj)
        read.onload=function(){
            $("#id_img").attr('src',read.result)
        }

        {#$("#id_img").attr('aa','bb')#}

    })

3、同时需要将input文件的字去掉

 <style>
        #my_file {
            display: none;
        }
    </style>

4、form表单有两个功能，一个是校验字段，一个是生成input标签

   {% for foo in form_obj %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="">{{ foo.label }}</label>
                        {{ foo }} <span class="errors"></span>
                    </div>
   {% endfor %}

5、1和2的方式会在form里面直接提交form表单，此处想用ajax的方式提交，采用3的方法

{#             1、   <input type="submit">#}
{#             2、   <button></button>#}
               3、 <input type="button" id="id_button" class="btn btn-success" value="注册">

四、form组件局部钩子和全局钩子使用

1、在view.py里创建forms类，有全局和局部钩子

from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets


class RegForms(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=20, min_length=2, label='用户名',
                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),
                           error_messages={'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}
                           )
    pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=20, min_length=2, label='密码',
                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),
                          error_messages={'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}
                          )
    re_pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=20, min_length=2, label='确认密码',
                             widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),
                             error_messages={'max_length': '太长了', 'min_length': '太短了'}
                             )
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',
                             widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}),
                             )

    def clean_name(self):
        name = self.cleaned_data.get('name')
        user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=name).first()
        if user:
            raise ValidationError('用户已经存在')
        else:
            return name

    def clean(self):
        pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        re_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd')
        if pwd == re_pwd:
            return self.cleaned_data
        else:
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')

2、form校验了request.post之后存在两种数据：

 # form_obj.cleaned_data
 # form_obj.errors

def register(request):
    form_obj = RegForms()
    back_msg = {}
    if request.is_ajax():
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        re_pwd = request.POST.get('re_pwd')
        email = request.POST.get('email')
        myfile = request.FILES.get('myfile')
        print(myfile)
        print(re_pwd)
        form_obj = RegForms(request.POST)
        if form_obj.is_valid():
            # form_obj.cleaned_data
            # form_obj.errors
            if myfile:
                user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=name, password=pwd, email=email, avatar=myfile)
            else:
                user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=name, password=pwd, email=email)
            back_msg['user'] = name
            back_msg['msg'] = '注册成功'
        else:
            back_msg['msg'] = form_obj.errors
            print(form_obj.errors)
            print(type(form_obj.errors))
        return JsonResponse(back_msg)

    return render(request, 'register.html', {'form_obj': form_obj})

3、ajax提交文件的话，用formdata

　　1、each函数，循环

　　2、if(index=="__all__")判断是否为全局钩子，

　　3、加class=has-error的属性，即被错误提示选中

　　4、setTimeout(function ()  定时函数执行某件事

  $("#id_button").click(function () {
        var formdata=new FormData()
        var tt=$("#my_form").serializeArray()
        $.each(tt,function (index,value) {
            //console.log(value.name)
            //console.log(value.value)
            formdata.append(value.name,value.value)
        })
        formdata.append('myfile',$("#my_file")[0].files[0])
       // console.log(tt)

        $.ajax({
            url:'',
            type:'post',
            processData:false,
            contentType:false,
            data:formdata,
            success:function (data) {
                //console.log(data)
                if(data.user){
                    location.href='/login/'
                }else{
                    $.each(data.msg,function (index,value) {
                        console.log(index)
                        console.log(value)
                        if(index=="__all__"){
                            $("#id_re_pwd").next().text(value[0])
                        }
                        $("#id_"+index).next().text(value[0]).parent().addClass('has-error')
                        //$("#id_"+index).next().parent().addClass('has-error')
                    })
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        $(".form-group").removeClass('has-error')
                        $('span').text("")
                    },1000)
                }

            }

        })

    })

五、注册

1、var tt=$("#my_form").serializeArray()  自动的将my_form里的name和value打包起来

2、传文件的话，必须

 　　　　　　processData:false,
            contentType:false,否则会以url-encoded的方法传送了

 $("#id_button").click(function () {
        var formdata=new FormData()
        var tt=$("#my_form").serializeArray()
        $.each(tt,function (index,value) {
            //console.log(value.name)
            //console.log(value.value)
            formdata.append(value.name,value.value)
        })
        formdata.append('myfile',$("#my_file")[0].files[0])
       // console.log(tt)

        $.ajax({
            url:'',
            type:'post',
            processData:false,
            contentType:false,
            data:formdata,
            success:function (data) {
                //console.log(data)
                if(data.user){
                    location.href='/login/'
                }else{
                    $.each(data.msg,function (index,value) {
                        console.log(index)
                        console.log(value)
                        if(index=="__all__"){
                            $("#id_re_pwd").next().text(value[0])
                        }
                        $("#id_"+index).next().text(value[0]).parent().addClass('has-error')
                        //$("#id_"+index).next().parent().addClass('has-error')
                    })
                    setTimeout(function () {
                        $(".form-group").removeClass('has-error')
                        $('span').text("")
                    },1000)
                }

            }

        })

    })

4、create生成数据时，avatar=myfile，即直接传入文件对象即可

def register(request):
    form_obj = RegForms()
    back_msg = {}
    if request.is_ajax():
        name = request.POST.get('name')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        re_pwd = request.POST.get('re_pwd')
        email = request.POST.get('email')
        myfile = request.FILES.get('myfile')
        print(myfile)
        print(re_pwd)
        form_obj = RegForms(request.POST)
        if form_obj.is_valid():
            # form_obj.cleaned_data
            # form_obj.errors
            if myfile:
                user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=name, password=pwd, email=email, avatar=myfile)
            else:
                user = models.UserInfo.objects.create_user(username=name, password=pwd, email=email)
            back_msg['user'] = name
            back_msg['msg'] = '注册成功'
        else:
            back_msg['msg'] = form_obj.errors
            print(form_obj.errors)
            print(type(form_obj.errors))
        return JsonResponse(back_msg)

    return render(request, 'register.html', {'form_obj': form_obj})

5、models里加入此句的意思 upload_to='avatars/', default="/avatars/default.png",上传到MEDIA_ROOT + avatars路径，前面不能再加media，否则路径多了一层media的路径

settings.py

# 设置用户上传头像的根路径
MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')

6、默认图片在media/avatars/default.png

class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, unique=True)
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to='avatars/', default="/avatars/default.png")
    # auto_now_add=True
    '''
    auto_now_add
    配置auto_now_add=True，创建数据记录的时候会把当前时间添加到数据库。
    auto_now
    配置上auto_now=True，每次更新数据记录的时候会更新该字段。
    '''
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    blog = models.OneToOneField(to='Blog', to_field='nid', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

六、media文件夹的配置

1、static文件夹下的内容外部人都可以通过url访问到

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]

# 设置用户上传头像的根路径
MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')

2、用户上传的图片放在static不合适，需要一个专门的media的文件夹存储，直接127.0.0.1/media/avatars/default.png就可以访问到了

from django.views.static import serve

　　#def serve(request, path, document_root=None, show_indexes=False):

url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve,{'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),

慎用此方法，如不小心，代码会暴露被外部访问到

3、如此，即可在首页index.html里将路径改为   src="/media/{{ articles.user.avatar }}，即可访问

  {% for articles in articles_list %}
                <p><h4><a href="">{{ articles.title }}</a></h4></p>
                <div class="media-left"><img height="60" width="60"
                                             src="/media/{{ articles.user.avatar }}"
                                             alt=""></div>
                <div class="media-right">
                    {{ articles.desc }}
                </div>
                <div style="margin-top: 10px">
                <span><a href="">{{ articles.user.username }}</a></span>&nbsp
                <span>发布于：{{ articles.create_time|date:'Y-m-d' }}</span>&nbsp
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-comment">评论数（{{ articles.comment_count}}）</span>&nbsp
                <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up">点赞数（{{ articles.up_count}}）</span>&nbsp

                </div>

                <hr>
            {% endfor %}

七、分组查询

1、views.py

 url(r'^(?P<username>w+)/(?P<condition>tag|category|time|w+)/(?P<search>.*)', views.homesite),
 url(r'^(?P<username>w+)/', views.homesite),

2、后台数据分析

 2.1 blog = user.blog　　此为查找时的对象

 2.2 分组查询1 group by谁，用谁做基表
    #         2 filter在前，表示查询  ,filter在后，表示过滤，having
    #          3 values在前，表示group by  在后，取字段

def homesite(request, username, **kwargs):
    print(kwargs)
    username=username
    user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
    if not user:
        return render(request, 'errors.html')
    blog = user.blog
    article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user)
    if kwargs:
        condition=kwargs.get('condition')
        search=kwargs.get('search')
        if condition=='tag':
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(tags__title=search)
        elif condition=='category':
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(category__title=search)
        elif condition=='time':
            ll=search.split('-')
            article_list=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(create_time__year=ll[0],create_time__month=ll[1])
        else:
            return render(request, 'errors.html')

    # print(article_list)
    from django.db.models import Count
    # 查询每个标签下的文章数(分组查询)
    # 分组查询1 group by谁，用谁做基表
    #         2 filter在前，表示查询  ,filter在后，表示过滤，having
    #          3 values在前，表示group by  在后，取字段
    # 查询当前站点下每个标签下的文章数(分组查询)
    tag_count = models.Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count("article__title")).values_list('title', 'c')
    # 查询当前站点下每个分类下的文章数
    category_count = models.Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count('article__nid')).values_list('title',
                                                                                                             'c')
    from django.db.models.functions import TruncMonth
    # 查询当前站点每个月份下的文章数
    # time_count=models.Article.objects.annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time'))
    # for i in time_count:
    #     print(i.title)
    #     print(i.y_m)
    time_count=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time')).values('y_m').annotate(
        c=Count('y_m')).values_list('y_m', 'c')

    print(tag_count)
    print(category_count)
    print(time_count)

    # 统计每个出版社书籍个数
    # Publish.object.all().annotate(Count('book__title'))

    return render(request, 'homesite.html', locals())

2、homesite.html

 　　1、用admin添加数据

　　2、{{ foo.0 }}({{ foo.1 }})       -------------  xxxxxxxxxxx（xx)

<div class="container-fluid" style="margin-top: 10px">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-3">

            <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">我的标签</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    {% for foo in tag_count %}
                        <p><a href="/{{ username }}/tag/{{ foo.0 }}">{{ foo.0 }}({{ foo.1 }})</a></p>

                    {% endfor %}

                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-info">
                <div class="panel-heading">随笔分类</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    {% for foo in category_count %}
                        <p><a href="/{{ username }}/category/{{ foo.0 }}">{{ foo.0 }}({{ foo.1 }})</a></p>

                    {% endfor %}
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">随笔档案</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    {% for foo in time_count %}
                        <p><a href="/{{ username }}/time/{{ foo.0|date:'Y-m' }}">{{ foo.0|date:'Y-m' }}({{ foo.1 }})</a></p>

                    {% endfor %}

                </div>
            </div>


        </div>

八、个人站点路由设计

将此条至于最下方的目的，前面都匹配不了的时候，到此可以匹配成功进入视图函数，有则看，无资源则显示404

 url(r'^(?P<username>w+)/', views.homesite),

九、个人站点过滤

1、总的设计

def homesite(request, username, **kwargs):
    print(kwargs)
    username=username
    user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
    if not user:
        return render(request, 'errors.html')
    blog = user.blog
    article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user)
    if kwargs:
        condition=kwargs.get('condition')
        search=kwargs.get('search')
        if condition=='tag':
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(tags__title=search)
        elif condition=='category':
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(category__title=search)
        elif condition=='time':
            ll=search.split('-')
            article_list=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(create_time__year=ll[0],create_time__month=ll[1])
        else:
            return render(request, 'errors.html')

    # print(article_list)
    from django.db.models import Count
    # 查询每个标签下的文章数(分组查询)
    # 分组查询1 group by谁，用谁做基表
    #         2 filter在前，表示查询  ,filter在后，表示过滤，having
    #          3 values在前，表示group by  在后，取字段
    # 查询当前站点下每个标签下的文章数(分组查询)
    tag_count = models.Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count("article__title")).values_list('title', 'c')
    # 查询当前站点下每个分类下的文章数
    category_count = models.Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count('article__nid')).values_list('title',
                                                                                                             'c')
    from django.db.models.functions import TruncMonth
    # 查询当前站点每个月份下的文章数
    # time_count=models.Article.objects.annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time'))
    # for i in time_count:
    #     print(i.title)
    #     print(i.y_m)
    time_count=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time')).values('y_m').annotate(
        c=Count('y_m')).values_list('y_m', 'c')

    print(tag_count)
    print(category_count)
    print(time_count)

    # 统计每个出版社书籍个数
    # Publish.object.all().annotate(Count('book__title'))

    return render(request, 'homesite.html', locals())

2、按时间分类，用TruncMonth截断年月，会在原表的基础上在加一条时间为年月的数据，再以此分类（group by谁，用谁做基表）

  from django.db.models.functions import TruncMonth
    # 查询当前站点每个月份下的文章数
    # time_count=models.Article.objects.annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time'))
    # for i in time_count:
    #     print(i.title)
    #     print(i.y_m)
    time_count=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time')).values('y_m').annotate(
        c=Count('y_m')).values_list('y_m', 'c')

3、分类取得数据，页面展示article_list数据，只会显示符合的文章show

 if kwargs:
        condition=kwargs.get('condition')
        search=kwargs.get('search')
        if condition=='tag':
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(tags__title=search)
        elif condition=='category':
            article_list = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(category__title=search)
        elif condition=='time':
            ll=search.split('-')
            article_list=models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).filter(create_time__year=ll[0],create_time__month=ll[1])
        else:
            return render(request, 'errors.html')

4、相应的前台html是如下，加入a连接和url的处理，可以看得相应的数据

   <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">我的标签</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    {% for foo in tag_count %}
                        <p><a href="/{{ username }}/tag/{{ foo.0 }}">{{ foo.0 }}({{ foo.1 }})</a></p>

                    {% endfor %}

                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-info">
                <div class="panel-heading">随笔分类</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    {% for foo in category_count %}
                        <p><a href="/{{ username }}/category/{{ foo.0 }}">{{ foo.0 }}({{ foo.1 }})</a></p>

                    {% endfor %}
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">随笔档案</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    {% for foo in time_count %}
                        <p><a href="/{{ username }}/time/{{ foo.0|date:'Y-m' }}">{{ foo.0|date:'Y-m' }}({{ foo.1 }})</a></p>

                    {% endfor %}

                </div>
            </div>

十、后台管理页面

 1、布局上还是采用了上为header,左三右九的布局

<style>

    .home_head {
        height: 60px;
        background: #1b6d85;
    }
</style>

<div class="home_head"></div>
<div class="container-fluid" style="margin-top: 10px">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-3"。。。。。。。。。。。。
        <div class="col-md-9"
    </div>
</div>
</body>

2、中间采用bootstrap的标签页的方式，达到点击之后会用切换content和header标签的效果

     <div class="col-md-9">
            <div>
                <!-- Nav tabs -->
                <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">
                    <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#home" aria-controls="home" role="tab"
                                                              data-toggle="tab">文章</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="#profile" aria-controls="profile" role="tab"
                                               data-toggle="tab">随笔</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="#messages" aria-controls="messages" role="tab"
                                               data-toggle="tab">交友</a></li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="#settings" aria-controls="settings" role="tab"
                                               data-toggle="tab">园子</a></li>
                </ul>

                <!-- Tab panes -->
                <div class="tab-content">
                    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane active" id="home">
                        {% block back_content %}
                        
                        {% endblock %}                           
                    </div>
                    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="profile">随笔</div>
                    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="messages">...</div>
                    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="settings">...</div>
                </div>
            </div>

3、需要用户登录了之后才能进入后台用户管理界面，故login_required装饰器判断是否登录，未登录则直接跳转到login_url='/login/'界面

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
@login_required(login_url='/login/')
def back_home(request):

    article_list=models.Article.objects.filter(user=request.user)

    return render(request,'back/back_home.html',locals())

4、左侧采用collapse方式，点击会展开

    <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="panel-group" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true">
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="headingOne">
                        <h4 class="panel-title">
                            <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseOne"
                               aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="collapseOne">
                                操作
                            </a>
                        </h4>
                    </div>
                    <div id="collapseOne" class="panel-collapse collapse in" role="tabpanel"
                         aria-labelledby="headingOne">
                        <div class="panel-body">
                            <a href="/addarticle/">添加文章</a>
                        </div>
                        <div class="panel-body">
                            <a href="">添加随笔</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

5、用block 导入基准html

{% extends 'back/back_base.html' %}

{% block back_content %}

    <table class="table table-striped table-hover">
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>文章标题</th>
            <th>评论数</th>
            <th>点赞数</th>
            <th>操作</th>
            <th>操作</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
        {% for article in article_list %}
            <tr>
                <td>{{ article.title }}</td>
                <td>{{ article.comment_count }}</td>
                <td>{{ article.up_count }}</td>
                <td><a href="">修改</a></td>
                <td><a href="">删除</a></td>
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
{% endblock %}

十一、后台管理保存文章

1、在html页面使用了Kindedit编辑器，只需将库包至于static目录下即可，需保证

 <textarea name="content" id="editor_id" cols="50" rows="10"></textarea>的id与kindedit一样，即可被调用

{% extends 'back/back_base.html' %}

{% block back_content %}
    <div>
        <form action="" method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div class="text-info"><h4>添加文章</h4></div>
            <p>标题</p>
            <p><input type="text" class="form-control" name="title"></p>
            <p>内容(Kindedit编辑器，不支持拖放/粘贴上传图片)</p>
            <p>
                <textarea name="content" id="editor_id" cols="50" rows="10"></textarea>
            </p>
            <p>
                <button class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
            </p>

        </form>
    </div>

    <script charset="utf-8" src="/static/kindeditor/kindeditor-all-min.js"></script>
    <script>
        KindEditor.ready(function (K) {
            window.editor = K.create('#editor_id',

                {
                     '100%',
                    height: '600px',
                    resizeType: 0,
                }
            );
        });
    </script>
{% endblock %}

2、上传文字需要用bs4清洗,html显示的时候只需要content内容，但是详情页面的时候需要html样式等，故存储str(content)

# 安装 pip3 install lxml
# pip3 install BeautifulSoup4
@login_required(login_url='/login/')
def addarticle(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        title=request.POST.get('title')
        content=request.POST.get('content'
)
        # content='<p>sddd</p><a>oooo</a><script>alert(123)</script>'
        #生成一个soup的对象，传两个参数，第一个是要解析的html，第二个是使用的解析器
        soup=BeautifulSoup(content,'html.parser')
        print(str(soup))
        # 拿到html内的文本内容
        desc=soup.text[0:150]+'...'
        # 查找html内所有的标签，放到一个列表里
        ll=soup.find_all()
        # print(ll)    #[obj,obj...]
        for tag in ll:
            print(tag.name)
            print(type(tag))
            # tag.name 标签的名称
            if tag.name=='script':
                # 从整个html文档里删掉当前标签
                tag.decompose()
        # print(ll)
        # aa=soup.find(name='script')
        # print(aa)
        # print(str(soup))  #<p>sddd</p><a>oooo</a><script>alert(123)</script>

        models.Article.objects.create(title=title,content=str(soup),desc=desc,user=request.user)
        return redirect('/backhome/')

    return render(request,'back/article_add.html')

3、在back_base界面， <a href="/addarticle/">添加文章</a>关联上述所诉逻辑

  <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="panel-group" id="accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true">
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-heading" role="tab" id="headingOne">
                        <h4 class="panel-title">
                            <a role="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion" href="#collapseOne"
                               aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="collapseOne">
                                操作
                            </a>
                        </h4>
                    </div>
                    <div id="collapseOne" class="panel-collapse collapse in" role="tabpanel"
                         aria-labelledby="headingOne">
                        <div class="panel-body">
                            <a href="/addarticle/">添加文章</a>
                        </div>
                        <div class="panel-body">
                            <a href="">添加随笔</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

十二、点赞、点踩

1、articledetail页面的设计，继承自base.html，评论html直接引用自博客园的html和css样式

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block detail %}
<style>
        #div_digg {
            float: right;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            margin-right: 30px;
            font-size: 12px;
             125px;
            text-align: center;
            margin-top: 10px;
        }

        .diggit {
            float: left;
             46px;
            height: 52px;
            background: url(/static/img/upup.gif) no-repeat;
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-top: 2px;
            padding-top: 5px;
        }

        .buryit {
            float: right;
            margin-left: 20px;
             46px;
            height: 52px;
            background: url(/static/img/downdown.gif) no-repeat;
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-top: 2px;
            padding-top: 5px;
        }

        .clear {
            clear: both;
        }


    </style>
    <div>
        <p><h4 class="text-center">{{ article.title }}</h4></p>
        <p>{{ article.content|safe }}</p>

        <div class="clearfix">

            <div id="div_digg">
                <div class="diggit action">
                    <span class="diggnum" id="digg_count">{{ article.up_count }}</span>
                </div>
                <div class="buryit action">
                    <span class="burynum" id="bury_count">{{ article.down_count }}</span>
                </div>
                <div class="clear"></div>
                <div class="diggword" id="digg_tips" style="color: red;"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

2、is_up = $(this).hasClass('diggit')结果要么是true或者false，

var obj = $(this).children('span')，当点击时要么是点up,down的，this代指diggit、buryit事件，这句话的意思是obj为其子节点为span的对象 

  <script>
        var par_id = '';
        $(".action").click(function () {
            var is_up = $(this).hasClass('diggit')
            //alert(is_up)
            var obj = $(this).children('span')

            $.ajax({
                url: '/diggit/',
                type: 'post',
                //谁对那篇文章点赞或点踩
                data: {
                    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': '{{ csrf_token }}',
                    'article_id':{{ article.pk }},
                    'is_up': is_up
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    console.log(data)
                    $(".diggword").text(data.msg)
                    if (data.status == 1) {
                        obj.text(Number(obj.text()) + 1)
                    }
                }
            })
        })

3、articledetail页面展示，因为展示方法重复了，可以把下面重用的包装成共用函数

  url(r'^(?P<username>w+)/article/(?P<pk>d+)', views.article_detail),

  url(r'^diggit/', views.diggit),

def article_detail(request,username,pk):
    # 正常情况下应该有一堆安全性校验
    #
    user=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username).first()
    blog=user.blog
    article=models.Article.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
    # 获取当前文章下所有评论
    comment_list=models.Comment.objects.filter(article_id=pk)

    from django.db.models import Count
    # 查询每个标签下的文章数(分组查询)
    # 分组查询1 group by谁，用谁做基表
    #         2 filter在前，表示查询  ,filter在后，表示过滤，having
    #          3 values在前，表示group by  在后，取字段
    # 查询当前站点下每个标签下的文章数(分组查询)
    # tag_count = models.Tag.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count("article__title")).values_list('title', 'c')
    tag_count = models.Tag.objects.all().values('pk').filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count("article__title")).values_list(
        'title', 'c')
    # 查询当前站点下每个分类下的文章数
    category_count = models.Category.objects.filter(blog=blog).annotate(c=Count('article__nid')).values_list('title',
                                                                                                             'c')
    from django.db.models.functions import TruncMonth
    # 查询当前站点每个月份下的文章数
    # time_count=models.Article.objects.annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time'))
    # for i in time_count:
    #     print(i.title)
    #     print(i.y_m)
    time_count = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user).annotate(y_m=TruncMonth('create_time')).values(
        'y_m').annotate(
        c=Count('y_m')).values_list('y_m', 'c')

    return render(request,'article_detail.html',locals())

4、注释的时候将logic写清楚

　　post传过来的都是str类型的，需要转化成python认识的bool类型，通过json反序列化，is_up=json.loads(is_up)

import json
from django.db.models import F
def diggit(request):
    back_msg={'status':None,'msg':None}
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        #     先查询是否已经点过
        #    如果没有点过，去点赞表存数据
        #    去文章表修改点赞数据
        article_id=request.POST.get('article_id')
        # 注意：
        is_up=request.POST.get('is_up')
        print(type(is_up))
        is_up=json.loads(is_up)
        ret=models.ArticleUpDown.objects.filter(user=request.user,article_id=article_id)
        if not ret:
            models.ArticleUpDown.objects.create(user=request.user,article_id=article_id,is_up=is_up)
            if is_up:
                models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(up_count=F('up_count')+1)
                back_msg['status']=1
                back_msg['msg'] = '点赞成功'
            else:
                models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(down_count=F('down_count') + 1)
                back_msg['status'] = 1
                back_msg['msg'] = '点踩成功'
        else:
            back_msg['status'] = 0
            back_msg['msg'] = '您已经点过了'
    else:
        back_msg['status'] = 0
        back_msg['msg'] = '您没有登录'
    return JsonResponse(back_msg)

十三、评论（render显示和ajax显示）

1、提交评论

    $(".btn_submit").click(function () {
            var content = $("#comment_content").val()
            if (par_id) {
                var num = content.indexOf('
') + 1
                content = content.slice(num)
                alert(content)
            }
            $.ajax({
                url: '/comment/',
                type: 'post',
                data: {
                    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': '{{ csrf_token }}',
                    'article_id':{{ article.pk }},
                    'comment': content,
                    'par_id': par_id
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    $("#comment_content").val("")
                    console.log(data)
            

为了确保数据写入，创建事务with transaction.atomic():，失败则回滚

def comment(request):
    back_msg={'status':False,'msg':None}
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        #    评论表添加数据
        #    文章表，修改评论个数
        article_id=request.POST.get('article_id')
        comment=request.POST.get('comment')
        par_id=request.POST.get('par_id')
        # 事务
        with transaction.atomic():
            ret=models.Comment.objects.create(user=request.user,article_id=article_id,content=comment,parent_comment_id=par_id)
            models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(comment_count=F('comment_count')+1)
           
            back_msg['status']=True
            back_msg['user_name']=ret.user.username
            back_msg['time']=ret.create_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
            back_msg['content']=ret.content
            back_msg['msg']='评论成功'
    else:
        back_msg['status'] = False
        back_msg['msg'] = '您没有登录'

    return JsonResponse(back_msg)

2、render显示，刷新界面才显示评论更新上传了

    <div>
            <ul class="list-group comment_list">
                {% for comment in comment_list %}
                    {#            #17楼 2018-02-25 18:47 隔壁古二蛋  #}
                    <li class="list-group-item">
                        <span>#{{ forloop.counter }}楼</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.create_time|date:'Y-m-d' }}</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.user.username }}</span>
                        <span><a class="pull-right my_reply" user="{{ comment.user.username }}"
                                 comment_id="{{ comment.pk }}">回复</a></span><p>{{ comment.content }}</p>

                    </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        </div>

3、提交根评论及ajax显示，及render显示，

 {#   评论 #}
        <div>
            <p>发表评论</p>
            <p>
                昵称：<input type="text" id="tbCommentAuthor" class="author" disabled="disabled" size="50" value="刘清政">
            </p>
            <p>评论内容</p>
            <p><textarea name="" id="comment_content" cols="60" rows="10"></textarea></p>
            <button class="btn btn-primary btn_submit">回复</button>
        </div>

es6字符串替换，<span>${ time }</span>，需要什么比如time，根据后台去取

              if (data.status) {
                        var username = data.user_name;
                        var time = data.time;
                        var content = data.content
                        var par_name=data.par_name
                        var par_content=data.par_content

                        var ss=''
                        if(par_name){
                            ss = `
                          <li class="list-group-item">
                            <span>${ time }</span>
                            <span>${ username}</span>
                            <div class="well">
                                <span>@ ${par_name}</span>
                                <p>${par_content}</p>
                            </div>
                            <p>${ content }</p>
                           </li>
                        `
                        }else{
                           ss = `
                          <li class="list-group-item">
                            <span>${ time }</span>
                            <span>${ username}</span>
                            <p>${ content }</p>
                           </li>
                        `
                        }
                        $(".comment_list").append(ss)
                    }
                }
            })
        })

后台

from django.db import transaction
def comment(request):
    back_msg={'status':False,'msg':None}
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        #    评论表添加数据
        #    文章表，修改评论个数
        article_id=request.POST.get('article_id')
        comment=request.POST.get('comment')
        par_id=request.POST.get('par_id')
        # 事物
        with transaction.atomic():
            ret=models.Comment.objects.create(user=request.user,article_id=article_id,content=comment,parent_comment_id=par_id)
            models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(comment_count=F('comment_count')+1)
            if par_id:
                back_msg['par_name']=ret.parent_comment.user.username
                back_msg['par_content']=ret.parent_comment.content
            back_msg['status']=True
            back_msg['user_name']=ret.user.username
            back_msg['time']=ret.create_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
            back_msg['content']=ret.content
            back_msg['msg']='评论成功'
    else:
        back_msg['status'] = False
        back_msg['msg'] = '您没有登录'

    return JsonResponse(back_msg)

4、子评论，点击回复触发事件，同时将要用的父评论ID等信息直接放置于attr属性上，方便调用

       <ul class="list-group comment_list">
                {% for comment in comment_list %}
                    {#            #17楼 2018-02-25 18:47 隔壁古二蛋  #}
                    <li class="list-group-item">
                        <span>#{{ forloop.counter }}楼</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.create_time|date:'Y-m-d' }}</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.user.username }}</span>
                        <span><a class="pull-right my_reply" user="{{ comment.user.username }}"
                                 comment_id="{{ comment.pk }}">回复</a></span>
                        {% if comment.parent_comment %}
                            <div class="well">
                                <span>@{{ comment.parent_comment.user.username }}</span>
                                <p>{{ comment.parent_comment.content }}</p>
                            </div>

使得点击回复之后直接focus到textarea标签，写响应子评论

父评论par_id，定义全局，使得后面都可调用 

    $(".my_reply").click(function () {

            var name = "@" + $(this).attr('user') + '
'
            par_id = $(this).attr('comment_id')
            $("#comment_content").focus()
            $("#comment_content").val(name)
        })

5、判断是否为子评论，若是，则截取第一段内容，将后面的保存在content里，若不是，则不处理

     $(".btn_submit").click(function () {
            var content = $("#comment_content").val()
            if (par_id) {
                var num = content.indexOf('
') + 1
                content = content.slice(num)   #slice去索引之后的值
                alert(content)
            }

判断是否有父评论，有则加@父id+comment

      <ul class="list-group comment_list">
                {% for comment in comment_list %}
                    {#            #17楼 2018-02-25 18:47 隔壁古二蛋  #}
                    <li class="list-group-item">
                        <span>#{{ forloop.counter }}楼</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.create_time|date:'Y-m-d' }}</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.user.username }}</span>
                        <span><a class="pull-right my_reply" user="{{ comment.user.username }}"
                                 comment_id="{{ comment.pk }}">回复</a></span>
                        {% if comment.parent_comment %}
                            <div class="well">
                                <span>@{{ comment.parent_comment.user.username }}</span>
                                <p>{{ comment.parent_comment.content }}</p>
                            </div>

                        {% endif %}
                        <p>{{ comment.content }}</p>

同时再做个ajax显示功能，及一直带有render的显示功能，需要什么参数，需要什么参数，去后台返回

    $(".btn_submit").click(function () {
            var content = $("#comment_content").val()
            if (par_id) {
                var num = content.indexOf('
') + 1
                content = content.slice(num)
                alert(content)
            }
            $.ajax({
                url: '/comment/',
                type: 'post',
                data: {
                    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': '{{ csrf_token }}',
                    'article_id':{{ article.pk }},
                    'comment': content,
                    'par_id': par_id
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    $("#comment_content").val("")
                    console.log(data)
                    if (data.status) {
                        var username = data.user_name;
                        var time = data.time;
                        var content = data.content
                        var par_name=data.par_name
                        var par_content=data.par_content

                        var ss=''
                        if(par_name){
                            ss = `
                          <li class="list-group-item">
                            <span>${ time }</span>
                            <span>${ username}</span>
                            <div class="well">
                                <span>@ ${par_name}</span>
                                <p>${par_content}</p>
                            </div>
                            <p>${ content }</p>
                           </li>
                        `
                        }else{
                           ss = `
                          <li class="list-group-item">
                            <span>${ time }</span>
                            <span>${ username}</span>
                            <p>${ content }</p>
                           </li>
                        `
                        }
                        $(".comment_list").append(ss)


                    }

                }
            })

        })

6、总的，有根评论、子评论的ajax、render显示功能

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block detail %}
    <style>
        #div_digg {
            float: right;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            margin-right: 30px;
            font-size: 12px;
             125px;
            text-align: center;
            margin-top: 10px;
        }

        .diggit {
            float: left;
             46px;
            height: 52px;
            background: url(/static/img/upup.gif) no-repeat;
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-top: 2px;
            padding-top: 5px;
        }

        .buryit {
            float: right;
            margin-left: 20px;
             46px;
            height: 52px;
            background: url(/static/img/downdown.gif) no-repeat;
            text-align: center;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin-top: 2px;
            padding-top: 5px;
        }

        .clear {
            clear: both;
        }


    </style>
    <div>
        <p><h4 class="text-center">{{ article.title }}</h4></p>
        <p>{{ article.content|safe }}</p>

        <div class="clearfix">

            <div id="div_digg">
                <div class="diggit action">
                    <span class="diggnum" id="digg_count">{{ article.up_count }}</span>
                </div>
                <div class="buryit action">
                    <span class="burynum" id="bury_count">{{ article.down_count }}</span>
                </div>
                <div class="clear"></div>
                <div class="diggword" id="digg_tips" style="color: red;"></div>
            </div>

        </div>
        {#    评论列表#}
        <div>
            <ul class="list-group comment_list">
                {% for comment in comment_list %}
                    {#            #17楼 2018-02-25 18:47 隔壁古二蛋  #}
                    <li class="list-group-item">
                        <span>#{{ forloop.counter }}楼</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.create_time|date:'Y-m-d' }}</span>
                        <span>{{ comment.user.username }}</span>
                        <span><a class="pull-right my_reply" user="{{ comment.user.username }}"
                                 comment_id="{{ comment.pk }}">回复</a></span>
                        {% if comment.parent_comment %}
                            <div class="well">
                                <span>@{{ comment.parent_comment.user.username }}</span>
                                <p>{{ comment.parent_comment.content }}</p>
                            </div>


                        {% endif %}

                        <p>{{ comment.content }}</p>


                    </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        </div>
        {#   评论 #}
        <div>
            <p>发表评论</p>
            <p>
                昵称：<input type="text" id="tbCommentAuthor" class="author" disabled="disabled" size="50" value="刘清政">
            </p>
            <p>评论内容</p>
            <p><textarea name="" id="comment_content" cols="60" rows="10"></textarea></p>
            <button class="btn btn-primary btn_submit">回复</button>
        </div>

    </div>

    <script>
        var par_id = '';
        $(".action").click(function () {
            var is_up = $(this).hasClass('diggit')
            //alert(is_up)
            var obj = $(this).children('span')

            $.ajax({
                url: '/diggit/',
                type: 'post',
                //谁对那篇文章点赞或点踩
                data: {
                    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': '{{ csrf_token }}',
                    'article_id':{{ article.pk }},
                    'is_up': is_up
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    console.log(data)
                    $(".diggword").text(data.msg)
                    if (data.status == 1) {
                        obj.text(Number(obj.text()) + 1)
                    }
                }
            })
        })
        $(".btn_submit").click(function () {
            var content = $("#comment_content").val()
            if (par_id) {
                var num = content.indexOf('
') + 1
                content = content.slice(num)
                alert(content)
            }
            $.ajax({
                url: '/comment/',
                type: 'post',
                data: {
                    'csrfmiddlewaretoken': '{{ csrf_token }}',
                    'article_id':{{ article.pk }},
                    'comment': content,
                    'par_id': par_id
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    $("#comment_content").val("")
                    console.log(data)
                    if (data.status) {
                        var username = data.user_name;
                        var time = data.time;
                        var content = data.content
                        var par_name=data.par_name
                        var par_content=data.par_content

                        var ss=''
                        if(par_name){
                            ss = `
                          <li class="list-group-item">
                            <span>${ time }</span>
                            <span>${ username}</span>
                            <div class="well">
                                <span>@ ${par_name}</span>
                                <p>${par_content}</p>
                            </div>
                            <p>${ content }</p>
                           </li>
                        `
                        }else{
                           ss = `
                          <li class="list-group-item">
                            <span>${ time }</span>
                            <span>${ username}</span>
                            <p>${ content }</p>
                           </li>
                        `
                        }
                        $(".comment_list").append(ss)


                    }

                }
            })

        })

        $(".my_reply").click(function () {

            var name = "@" + $(this).attr('user') + '
'
            par_id = $(this).attr('comment_id')
            $("#comment_content").focus()
            $("#comment_content").val(name)
        })
    </script>
{% endblock %}

from django.db import transaction
def comment(request):
    back_msg={'status':False,'msg':None}
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        #    评论表添加数据
        #    文章表，修改评论个数
        article_id=request.POST.get('article_id')
        comment=request.POST.get('comment')
        par_id=request.POST.get('par_id')
        # 事物
        with transaction.atomic():
            ret=models.Comment.objects.create(user=request.user,article_id=article_id,content=comment,parent_comment_id=par_id)
            models.Article.objects.filter(pk=article_id).update(comment_count=F('comment_count')+1)
            if par_id:
                back_msg['par_name']=ret.parent_comment.user.username
                back_msg['par_content']=ret.parent_comment.content
            back_msg['status']=True
            back_msg['user_name']=ret.user.username
            back_msg['time']=ret.create_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
            back_msg['content']=ret.content
            back_msg['msg']='评论成功'
    else:
        back_msg['status'] = False
        back_msg['msg'] = '您没有登录'

    return JsonResponse(back_msg)