1、子查询的用法
子查询是一个 select 查询,它嵌套在 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE 语句或其它子查询中。任何允许使用表达式的地方都可以使用子查询。子查询可以使我们的编程灵活多样,可以用来实现一些特殊的功能。但是在性能上,往往一个不合适的子查询用法会形成一个性能瓶颈。
A、NOT IN、NOT EXISTS的相关子查询可以改用LEFT JOIN代替写法。比如:
select pub_name
from publishers
where pub_id not in
(select pub_id
from titles
where type = 'business')
--可以改写成:
select a.pub_name
from publishers a left join titles b
on b.type = 'business' and
a.pub_id=b. pub_id
where b.pub_id is null
select title
from titles
where not exists
(select title_id
from sales
where title_id = titles.title_id)
--可以改写成:
select title
from titles left join sales
on sales.title_id = titles.title_id
where sales.title_id is null
B、 如果保证子查询没有重复 ,IN、EXISTS的相关子查询可以用INNER JOIN 代替。比如:
select pub_name
from publishers
where pub_id in
(select pub_id
from titles
where type = 'business')
--可以改写成:
select distinct a.pub_name
from publishers a inner join titles b
on b.type = 'business' and
a.pub_id=b. pub_id
C、IN的相关子查询用EXISTS代替,比如
select pub_name
from publishers
where pub_id in
(select pub_id
from titles
where type = 'business')
--可以用下面语句代替:
select pub_name
from publishers
where exists
(select 1
from titles
where type = 'business' and
pub_id= publishers.pub_id)
D、不要用COUNT(*)的子查询判断是否存在记录,最好用LEFT JOIN或者EXISTS,比如有人写这样的语句:
select job_desc from jobs
where (select count(*) from employee where job_id=jobs.job_id)=0
--应该改成:
select jobs.job_desc from jobs left join employee
on employee.job_id=jobs.job_id
where employee.emp_id is null
select job_desc from jobs
where (select count(*) from employee where job_id=jobs.job_id)<>0
--应该改成:
select job_desc from jobs
where exists (select 1 from employee where job_id=jobs.job_id)
作为程序员还应该注意:
1、注意、关心各表的数据量。
2、编码过程和单元测试过程尽量用数据量较大的数据库测试,最好能用实际数据测试。
3、每个SQL语句尽量简单
4、不要频繁更新有触发器的表的数据
5、注意数据库函数的限制以及其性能1、子查询的用法
子查询是一个 select 查询,它嵌套在 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE 语句或其它子查询中。任何允许使用表达式的地方都可以使用子查询。子查询可以使我们的编程灵活多样,可以用来实现一些特殊的功能。但是在性能上,往往一个不合适的子查询用法会形成一个性能瓶颈。
A、NOT IN、NOT EXISTS的相关子查询可以改用LEFT JOIN代替写法。比如:
select pub_name
from publishers
where pub_id not in
(select pub_id
from titles
where type = 'business')
--可以改写成:
select a.pub_name
from publishers a left join titles b
on b.type = 'business' and
a.pub_id=b. pub_id
where b.pub_id is null
select title
from titles
where not exists
(select title_id
from sales
where title_id = titles.title_id)
--可以改写成:
select title
from titles left join sales
on sales.title_id = titles.title_id
where sales.title_id is null
B、 如果保证子查询没有重复 ,IN、EXISTS的相关子查询可以用INNER JOIN 代替。比如:
select pub_name
from publishers
where pub_id in
(select pub_id
from titles
where type = 'business')
--可以改写成:
select distinct a.pub_name
from publishers a inner join titles b
on b.type = 'business' and
a.pub_id=b. pub_id
C、IN的相关子查询用EXISTS代替,比如
select pub_name
from publishers
where pub_id in
(select pub_id
from titles
where type = 'business')
--可以用下面语句代替:
select pub_name
from publishers
where exists
(select 1
from titles
where type = 'business' and
pub_id= publishers.pub_id)
D、不要用COUNT(*)的子查询判断是否存在记录,最好用LEFT JOIN或者EXISTS,比如有人写这样的语句:
select job_desc from jobs
where (select count(*) from employee where job_id=jobs.job_id)=0
--应该改成:
select jobs.job_desc from jobs left join employee
on employee.job_id=jobs.job_id
where employee.emp_id is null
select job_desc from jobs
where (select count(*) from employee where job_id=jobs.job_id)<>0
--应该改成:
select job_desc from jobs
where exists (select 1 from employee where job_id=jobs.job_id)
作为程序员还应该注意:
1、注意、关心各表的数据量。
2、编码过程和单元测试过程尽量用数据量较大的数据库测试,最好能用实际数据测试。
3、每个SQL语句尽量简单
4、不要频繁更新有触发器的表的数据
5、注意数据库函数的限制以及其性能