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  • 【转】latexSymbol

    来源： LaTeX:Symbols

    This article will provide a short list of commonly used LaTeX symbols.

    Contents

    Finding Other Symbols

    Here are some external resources for finding less commonly used symbols:

    Operators

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $pm$ pm $mp$ mp $ imes$ imes
    $div$ div $cdot$ cdot $ast$ ast
    $star$ star $dagger$ dagger $ddagger$ ddagger
    $amalg$ amalg $cap$ cap $cup$ cup
    $uplus$ uplus $sqcap$ sqcap $sqcup$ sqcup
    $vee$ vee $wedge$ wedge $oplus$ oplus
    $ominus$ ominus $otimes$ otimes $circ$ circ
    $ullet$ ullet $diamond$ diamond $lhd$ lhd
    $ hd$ hd $unlhd$ unlhd Unrhd.gif unrhd
    $oslash$ oslash $odot$ odot $igcirc$ igcirc
    $ riangleleft$ riangleleft $Diamond$ Diamond $igtriangleup$ igtriangleup
    $igtriangledown$ igtriangledown $Box$ Box $ riangleright$ riangleright
    $setminus$ setminus $wr$ wr $sqrt{x}$ sqrt{x}
    $x^{circ}$ x^{circ} $ riangledown$ riangledown $sqrt[n]{x}$ sqrt[n]{x}
    $a^x$ a^x $a^{xyz}$ a^{xyz} $a_x$ a_x

    Relations

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $le$ le $ge$ ge $ eq$ eq
    $sim$ sim $ll$ ll $gg$ gg
    $doteq$ doteq $simeq$ simeq $subset$ subset
    $supset$ supset $approx$ approx $asymp$ asymp
    $subseteq$ subseteq $supseteq$ supseteq $cong$ cong
    $smile$ smile $sqsubset$ sqsubset $sqsupset$ sqsupset
    $equiv$ equiv $frown$ frown $sqsubseteq$ sqsubseteq
    $sqsupseteq$ sqsupseteq $propto$ propto $owtie$ owtie
    $in$ in $ i$ i $prec$ prec
    $succ$ succ $vdash$ vdash $dashv$ dashv
    $preceq$ preceq $succeq$ succeq $models$ models
    $perp$ perp $parallel$ parallel
    $mid$ mid $umpeq$ umpeq

    Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting ot before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the and the word. Here are a couple examples, plus many other negations; it works for many of the many others as well.

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $ mid$ mid $ leq$ leq $ geq$ geq
    $ sim$ sim $ cong$ cong $ parallel$ parallel
    $ ot<$ ot< $ ot>$ ot> $ ot=$ ot= or eq
    $ otle$ otle $ otge$ otge $ otsim$ otsim
    $ ot approx$ otapprox $ otcong$ otcong $ otequiv$ otequiv
    $ otparallel$ otparallel $ less$ less $ gtr$ gtr
    $lneq$ lneq $gneq$ gneq $lnsim$ lnsim
    $lneqq$ lneqq $gneqq$ gneqq

    To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you must use the symbols on your keyboard, they are not available in $LaTeX$.

    Greek Letters

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $alpha$ alpha $eta$ eta $gamma$ gamma $delta$ delta
    $epsilon$ epsilon $varepsilon$ varepsilon $zeta$ zeta $eta$ eta
    $ heta$ heta $vartheta$ vartheta $iota$ iota $kappa$ kappa
    $lambda$ lambda $mu$ mu $ u$ u $xi$ xi
    $pi$ pi $varpi$ varpi $ ho$ ho $varrho$ varrho
    $sigma$ sigma $varsigma$ varsigma $ au$ au $upsilon$ upsilon
    $phi$ phi $varphi$ varphi $chi$ chi $psi$ psi
    $omega$ omega
    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $Gamma$ Gamma $Delta$ Delta $Theta$ Theta $Lambda$ Lambda
    $Xi$ Xi $Pi$ Pi $Sigma$ Sigma $Upsilon$ Upsilon
    $Phi$ Phi $Psi$ Psi $Omega$ Omega

    Arrows

    Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $gets$ gets $ o$ o
    $leftarrow$ leftarrow $Leftarrow$ Leftarrow
    $ ightarrow$ ightarrow $Rightarrow$ Rightarrow
    $leftrightarrow$ leftrightarrow $Leftrightarrow$ Leftrightarrow
    $mapsto$ mapsto $hookleftarrow$ hookleftarrow
    $leftharpoonup$ leftharpoonup $leftharpoondown$ leftharpoondown
    $ ightleftharpoons$ ightleftharpoons $longleftarrow$ longleftarrow
    $Longleftarrow$ Longleftarrow $longrightarrow$ longrightarrow
    $Longrightarrow$ Longrightarrow $longleftrightarrow$ longleftrightarrow
    $Longleftrightarrow$ Longleftrightarrow $longmapsto$ longmapsto
    $hookrightarrow$ hookrightarrow $ ightharpoonup$ ightharpoonup
    $ ightharpoondown$ ightharpoondown $leadsto$ leadsto
    $uparrow$ uparrow $Uparrow$ Uparrow
    $downarrow$ downarrow $Downarrow$ Downarrow
    $updownarrow$ updownarrow $Updownarrow$ Updownarrow
    $ earrow$ earrow $searrow$ searrow
    $swarrow$ swarrow $ warrow$ warrow

    (For those of you who hate typing long strings of letters, iff and implies can be used in place of Longleftrightarrow and Longrightarrow respectively.)

    Dots

    Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $cdot$ cdot $vdots$ vdots
    $dots$ dots $ddots$ ddots
    $cdots$ cdots $iddots$ iddots

    Accents

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $hat{x}$ hat{x} $check{x}$ check{x} $dot{x}$ dot{x}
    $reve{x}$ reve{x} $acute{x}$ acute{x} $ddot{x}$ ddot{x}
    $grave{x}$ grave{x} $ ilde{x}$ ilde{x} $mathring{x}$ mathring{x}
    $ar{x}$ ar{x} $vec{x}$ vec{x}

    When applying accents to i and j, you can use imath and jmath to keep the dots from interfering with the accents:

    Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $vec{jmath}$ vec{jmath} $ ilde{imath}$ ilde{imath}

    ilde and hat have wide versions that allow you to accent an expression:

    Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $widehat{7+x}$ widehat{7+x} $widetilde{abc}$ widetilde{abc}

    Others

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $infty$ infty $ riangle$ riangle $angle$ angle
    $aleph$ aleph $hbar$ hbar $imath$ imath
    $jmath$ jmath $ell$ ell $wp$ wp
    $Re$ Re $Im$ Im $mho$ mho
    $prime$ prime $emptyset$ emptyset $ abla$ abla
    $surd$ surd $partial$ partial $ op$ op
    $ot$ ot $vdash$ vdash $dashv$ dashv
    $forall$ forall $exists$ exists $ eg$ eg
    $flat$ flat $ atural$ atural $sharp$ sharp
    $ackslash$ ackslash $Box$ Box $Diamond$ Diamond
    $clubsuit$ clubsuit $diamondsuit$ diamondsuit $heartsuit$ heartsuit
    Spadesuit.gif spadesuit $Join$ Join $lacksquare$ lacksquare
    $S$ S $P$ P $copyright$ copyright
    $pounds$ pounds $overarc{ABC}$ overarc{ABC} $underarc{XYZ}$ underarc{XYZ}
    $igstar$ igstar $in$ in $cup$ cup
    $square$ square
    $smiley$ smiley
    $mathbb{R}$ mathbb{R} (represents all real numbers)
    $checkmark$ checkmark
    $cancer$ cancer

    Command Symbols

    Some symbols are used in commands so they need to be treated in a special way.

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $ extdollar$ extdollar or $ $&$ & $%$ % $#$ #
    $_$ _ ${$ { $}$ } $ackslash$ ackslash

    (Warning: Using $ for $ extdollar$ will result in $$. This is a bug as far as we know. Depending on the version of $LaTeX$ this is not always a problem.)

    European Language Symbols

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    ${oe}$ {oe} ${ae}$ {ae} ${o}$ {o}
    ${OE}$ {OE} ${AE}$ {AE} ${AA}$ {AA} ${O}$ {O}
    ${l}$ {l} ${ss}$ {ss} ![$ ext{!}$](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1234164/202003/1234164-20200321051432721-1780033822.png) | !
    ${L}$ {L} ${SS}$ {SS}

    Bracketing Symbols

    In mathematics, sometimes we need to enclose expressions in brackets or braces or parentheses. Some of these work just as you'd imagine in LaTeX; type ( and ) for parentheses, [ and ] for brackets, and | and | for absolute value. However, other symbols have special commands:

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    ${$ { $}$ } $|$ |
    $ackslash$ ackslash $lfloor$ lfloor $ floor$ floor
    $lceil$ lceil $ ceil$ ceil $langle$ langle
    $ angle$ angle

    You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like

    the parentheses don't come out the right size:

    If we put left and ight before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression:

    gives

    And with system of equations:

    left{egin{array}{l}x+y=3\2x+y=5end{array}
ight.

    Gives

    $left{egin{array}{l}x+y=32x+y=5end{array} ight.$

    See that there's a dot after ight. You must put that dot or the code won't work.

    In addition to the left and ight commands, when doing floor or ceiling functions with fractions, using

    leftlceilfrac{x}{y}
ight
ceil

    and leftlfloorfrac{x}{y} ight floor

    give both $leftlceilfrac{x}{y} ight ceil ext{ and }leftlfloorfrac{x}{y} ight floor ext{, respectively.}$

    And, if you type this

    underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+cdots+a_n}_{x}

    Gives

    $underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+cdots+a_n}_{x}$

    Or

    overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+cdots+a_n}^{x}

    Gives

    $overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+cdots+a_n}^{x}$

    left and ight can also be used to resize the following symbols:

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $uparrow$ uparrow $downarrow$ downarrow $updownarrow$ updownarrow
    $Uparrow$ Uparrow $Downarrow$ Downarrow $Updownarrow$ Updownarrow

    Multi-Size Symbols

    Some symbols render differently in inline math mode and in display mode. Display mode occurs when you use [...] or $$...$$, or environments like egin{equation}...end{equation}, egin{align}...end{align}. Read more in the commands section of the guide about how symbols which take arguments above and below the symbols, such as a summation symbol, behave in the two modes.

    In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in display mode, then in inline mode.

    Symbol Command Symbol Command Symbol Command
    $sum extstylesum$ sum $int extstyleint$ int $oint extstyleoint$ oint
    $prod extstyleprod$ prod $coprod extstylecoprod$ coprod $igcap extstyleigcap$ igcap
    $igcup extstyleigcup$ igcup $igsqcup extstyleigsqcup$ igsqcup $igvee extstyleigvee$ igvee
    $igwedge extstyleigwedge$ igwedge $igodot extstyleigodot$ igodot $igotimes extstyleigotimes$ igotimes
    $igoplus extstyleigoplus$ igoplus $iguplus extstyleiguplus$ iguplus

    See Also
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/dluff/p/12536370.html
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