如何得到硬盘序列号[C#]

硬盘序列号（Serial Number）不等于卷标号（Volume Name），后者虽然很容易得到，但是格式化分区后就会重写，不可靠。遗憾的是很多朋友往往分不清这一点。

要得到硬盘的物理序列号，可以通过WMI，也就是Win32_PhysicalMedia.SerialNumber。可惜的是Windows 98/ME的WMI并不支持这个类，访问时会出现异常。

受陆麟的例子的启发，我们还可以通过S.M.A.R.T.接口，直接从RING3调用API DeviceIoControl()来获取硬盘信息，而不需要写VXD或者DRIVER。这样这个问题就解决了，我对它进行了封装，大量使用了P/Invoke技术，一个完整的Library。支持Windows 98-2003。

使用上很简单：

HardDiskInfo hdd = AtapiDevice.GetHddInfo(0); // 第一个硬盘
Console.WriteLine("Module Number: {0}", hdd.ModuleNumber);
Console.WriteLine("Serial Number: {0}", hdd.SerialNumber);
Console.WriteLine("Firmware: {0}", hdd.Firmware);
Console.WriteLine("Capacity: {0} M", hdd.Capacity);

下面是全部代码：

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;

namespace Sunmast.Hardware
{
[Serializable]
public struct HardDiskInfo
{
/// <summary>
/// 型号
/// </summary>
public string ModuleNumber;
/// <summary>
/// 固件版本
/// </summary>
public string Firmware;
/// <summary>
/// 序列号
/// </summary>
public string SerialNumber;
/// <summary>
/// 容量，以M为单位
/// </summary>
public uint Capacity;
}

#region Internal Structs

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
internal struct GetVersionOutParams
{
public byte bVersion;
public byte bRevision;
public byte bReserved;
public byte bIDEDeviceMap;
public uint fCapabilities;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)]
public uint[] dwReserved; // For future use.
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
internal struct IdeRegs
{
public byte bFeaturesReg;
public byte bSectorCountReg;
public byte bSectorNumberReg;
public byte bCylLowReg;
public byte bCylHighReg;
public byte bDriveHeadReg;
public byte bCommandReg;
public byte bReserved;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
internal struct SendCmdInParams
{
public uint cBufferSize;
public IdeRegs irDriveRegs;
public byte bDriveNumber;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=3)]
public byte[] bReserved;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=4)]
public uint[] dwReserved;
public byte bBuffer;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
internal struct DriverStatus
{
public byte bDriverError;
public byte bIDEStatus;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=2)]
public byte[] bReserved;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=2)]
public uint[] dwReserved;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1)]
internal struct SendCmdOutParams
{
public uint cBufferSize;
public DriverStatus DriverStatus;
public IdSector bBuffer;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=1, Size=512)]
internal struct IdSector
{
public ushort wGenConfig;
public ushort wNumCyls;
public ushort wReserved;
public ushort wNumHeads;
public ushort wBytesPerTrack;
public ushort wBytesPerSector;
public ushort wSectorsPerTrack;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=3)]
public ushort[] wVendorUnique;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=20)]
public byte[] sSerialNumber;
public ushort wBufferType;
public ushort wBufferSize;
public ushort wECCSize;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=8)]
public byte[] sFirmwareRev;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=40)]
public byte[] sModelNumber;
public ushort wMoreVendorUnique;
public ushort wDoubleWordIO;
public ushort wCapabilities;
public ushort wReserved1;
public ushort wPIOTiming;
public ushort wDMATiming;
public ushort wBS;
public ushort wNumCurrentCyls;
public ushort wNumCurrentHeads;
public ushort wNumCurrentSectorsPerTrack;
public uint ulCurrentSectorCapacity;
public ushort wMultSectorStuff;
public uint ulTotalAddressableSectors;
public ushort wSingleWordDMA;
public ushort wMultiWordDMA;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=128)]
public byte[] bReserved;
}

#endregion

/// <summary>
/// ATAPI驱动器相关
/// </summary>
public class AtapiDevice
{

#region DllImport

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
static extern int CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
string lpFileName,
uint dwDesiredAccess,
uint dwShareMode,
IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes,
uint dwCreationDisposition,
uint dwFlagsAndAttributes,
IntPtr hTemplateFile);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern int DeviceIoControl(
IntPtr hDevice,
uint dwIoControlCode,
IntPtr lpInBuffer,
uint nInBufferSize,
ref GetVersionOutParams lpOutBuffer,
uint nOutBufferSize,
ref uint lpBytesReturned,
[Out] IntPtr lpOverlapped);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern int DeviceIoControl(
IntPtr hDevice,
uint dwIoControlCode,
ref SendCmdInParams lpInBuffer,
uint nInBufferSize,
ref SendCmdOutParams lpOutBuffer,
uint nOutBufferSize,
ref uint lpBytesReturned,
[Out] IntPtr lpOverlapped);

const uint DFP_GET_VERSION = 0x00074080;
const uint DFP_SEND_DRIVE_COMMAND = 0x0007c084;
const uint DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA = 0x0007c088;

const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
const uint FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001;
const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;
const uint CREATE_NEW = 1;
const uint OPEN_EXISTING = 3;

#endregion

#region GetHddInfo

/// <summary>
/// 获得硬盘信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="driveIndex">硬盘序号</param>
/// <returns>硬盘信息</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// 参考lu0的文章：http://lu0s1.3322.org/App/2k1103.html
/// by sunmast for everyone
/// thanks lu0 for his great works
/// 在Windows 98/ME中，S.M.A.R.T并不缺省安装，请将SMARTVSD.VXD拷贝到%SYSTEM%\IOSUBSYS目录下。
/// 在Windows 2000/2003下，需要Administrators组的权限。
/// </remarks>
/// <example>
/// AtapiDevice.GetHddInfo()
/// </example>
public static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfo(byte driveIndex)
{
switch(Environment.OSVersion.Platform)
{
case PlatformID.Win32Windows:
return GetHddInfo9x(driveIndex);
case PlatformID.Win32NT:
return GetHddInfoNT(driveIndex);
case PlatformID.Win32S:
throw new NotSupportedException("Win32s is not supported.");
case PlatformID.WinCE:
throw new NotSupportedException("WinCE is not supported.");
default:
throw new NotSupportedException("Unknown Platform.");
}
}

#region GetHddInfo9x

private static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfo9x(byte driveIndex)
{
GetVersionOutParams vers = new GetVersionOutParams();
SendCmdInParams inParam = new SendCmdInParams();
SendCmdOutParams outParam = new SendCmdOutParams();
uint bytesReturned = 0;

IntPtr hDevice = CreateFile(
@"\\.\Smartvsd",
0,
0,
IntPtr.Zero,
CREATE_NEW,
0,
IntPtr.Zero);
if (hDevice == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new Exception("Open smartvsd.vxd failed.");
}
if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
hDevice,
DFP_GET_VERSION,
IntPtr.Zero,
0,
ref vers,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(vers),
ref bytesReturned,
IntPtr.Zero))
{
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed:DFP_GET_VERSION");
}
// If IDE identify command not supported, fails
if (0 == (vers.fCapabilities & 1))
{
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception("Error: IDE identify command not supported.");
}
if (0 != (driveIndex & 1))
{
inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xb0;
}
else
{
inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xa0;
}
if (0 != (vers.fCapabilities & (16 >> driveIndex)))
{
// We don''t detect a ATAPI device.
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} is a ATAPI device, we don''t detect it",driveIndex + 1));
}
else
{
inParam.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = 0xec;
}
inParam.bDriveNumber = driveIndex;
inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1;
inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1;
inParam.cBufferSize = 512;
if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
hDevice,
DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA,
ref inParam,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(inParam),
ref outParam,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(outParam),
ref bytesReturned,
IntPtr.Zero))
{
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed: DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA");
}
CloseHandle(hDevice);

return GetHardDiskInfo(outParam.bBuffer);
}

#endregion

#region GetHddInfoNT

private static HardDiskInfo GetHddInfoNT(byte driveIndex)
{
GetVersionOutParams vers = new GetVersionOutParams();
SendCmdInParams inParam = new SendCmdInParams();
SendCmdOutParams outParam = new SendCmdOutParams();
uint bytesReturned = 0;

// We start in NT/Win2000
IntPtr hDevice = CreateFile(
string.Format(@"\\.\PhysicalDrive{0}",driveIndex),
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
IntPtr.Zero,
OPEN_EXISTING,
0,
IntPtr.Zero);
if (hDevice == IntPtr.Zero)
{
throw new Exception("CreateFile faild.");
}
if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
hDevice,
DFP_GET_VERSION,
IntPtr.Zero,
0,
ref vers,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(vers),
ref bytesReturned,
IntPtr.Zero))
{
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} may not exists.",driveIndex + 1));
}
// If IDE identify command not supported, fails
if (0 == (vers.fCapabilities & 1))
{
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception("Error: IDE identify command not supported.");
}
// Identify the IDE drives
if (0 != (driveIndex & 1))
{
inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xb0;
}
else
{
inParam.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg=0xa0;
}
if (0 != (vers.fCapabilities & (16 >> driveIndex)))
{
// We don''t detect a ATAPI device.
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception(string.Format("Drive {0} is a ATAPI device, we don''t detect it.",driveIndex + 1));
}
else
{
inParam.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = 0xec;
}
inParam.bDriveNumber = driveIndex;
inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1;
inParam.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1;
inParam.cBufferSize = 512;

if (0 == DeviceIoControl(
hDevice,
DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA,
ref inParam,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(inParam),
ref outParam,
(uint)Marshal.SizeOf(outParam),
ref bytesReturned,
IntPtr.Zero))
{
CloseHandle(hDevice);
throw new Exception("DeviceIoControl failed: DFP_RECEIVE_DRIVE_DATA");
}
CloseHandle(hDevice);

return GetHardDiskInfo(outParam.bBuffer);
}

#endregion

private static HardDiskInfo GetHardDiskInfo(IdSector phdinfo)
{
HardDiskInfo hddInfo = new HardDiskInfo();

ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sModelNumber);
hddInfo.ModuleNumber = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sModelNumber).Trim();

ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sFirmwareRev);
hddInfo.Firmware = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sFirmwareRev).Trim();

ChangeByteOrder(phdinfo.sSerialNumber);
hddInfo.SerialNumber = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(phdinfo.sSerialNumber).Trim();

hddInfo.Capacity = phdinfo.ulTotalAddressableSectors / 2 / 1024;

return hddInfo;
}

private static void ChangeByteOrder(byte[] charArray)
{
byte temp;
for(int i = 0; i < charArray.Length; i += 2)
{
temp = charArray[i];
charArray[i] = charArray[i+1];
charArray[i+1] = temp;
}
}

#endregion
}
}

注：

在Windows 98/ME中，S.M.A.R.T并不缺省安装，请将SMARTVSD.VXD拷贝到%SYSTEM%\IOSUBSYS目录下。
在Windows 2000/2003下，需要Administrators组的权限。
不要在装有SCSI硬盘的机器上尝试了，因为SCSI硬盘根本不存在序列号。

最终版权归陆麟所有，任何人不得将此代码占为己有。