zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • ContentPriver

    共享应用程序内的数据, 在数据修改时可以监听

    1、特点

    ①、可以将应用中的数据对外进行共享;

    ②、数据访问方式统一,不必针对不同数据类型采取不同的访问策略;

    ③、内容提供者将数据封装,只暴露出我们希望提供给其他程序的数据(这点有点类似Javabeans);

    ④、内容提供者中数据更改可被监听;

    2、创建内容提供者

    • 定义类继承ContentProvider,根据需要重写其内容方法(6个方法):

    l  onCreate()                                    创建内容提供者时,会调用这个方法,完成一些初始化操作;

    l  crud相应的4个方法              用于对外提供CRUD操作;

    l  getType()                                      返回当前Url所代表数据的MIME类型:

    返回的是单条记录:以vnd.android.cursor.item/ 开头,如:vnd.android.cursor.item/person

    返回的是多条记录:以vnd.android.cursor.dir/ 开头,如:vnd.android.cursor.dir/person

    • 在清单文件的<application>节点下进行配置,<provider>标签中需要指定name、authorities、exported属性

    l  name:             为全类名;

    l  authorities:   是访问Provider时的路径,要唯一;

    l  exported:      用于指示该服务是否能够被其他应用程序组件调用或跟它交互

    • URI代表要操作的数据,由scheme、authorites、path三部分组成:

    l  content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person

    l  scheme:         固定为content,代表访问内容提供者;

    l  authorites:    <provider>节点中的authorites属性;

    l  path:               程序定义的路径,可根据业务逻辑定义;

    • 操作 URI的UriMather与ContentUris工具类:

           当程序调用CRUD方法时会传入Uri

    l  UriMatcher:表示URI匹配器,可用于添加Uri匹配模式,与匹配Uri(见下代码);

    l  ContentUris:用于操作Uri路径后面的ID部分,2个重要的方法:

    1. withAppendedId(uri, id)  为路径加上ID部分;
    2. parseId(uri) 用于从路径中获取ID部分;

    示例代码(内容提供者类):

    public class HeimaProvider extends ContentProvider {

           private static final int PERSON = 1;                   // 匹配码

           private static final int STUDENT = 2;                // 匹配码

           private static final int PERSON_ID = 3;             // 匹配码

           private MyHelper helper;

           /** Uri匹配器 */

           private UriMatcher uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

           @Override

           public boolean onCreate() {

                  System.out.println("onCreate...");

                  helper = new MyHelper(getContext());

                  // == 添加 uri 匹配模式, 设置匹配码(参数3) Uri如果匹配就会返回相应的匹配码 ==

                  uriMatcher.addURI("com.itheima.sqlite.provider", "person", PERSON);                                       

                  uriMatcher.addURI("com.itheima.sqlite.provider", "#", PERSON_ID);                          // #表示匹配数字,*表示匹配文本

                  uriMatcher.addURI("com.itheima.sqlite.provider", "student", STUDENT);

                  return true;

           }

           @Override

           public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {

                  SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

                  switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {                                      // 匹配uri

                  case PERSON:

                         long id = db.insert("person", "id", values);

                         db.close();

                         return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);                     // 在原uri上拼上id,生成新的uri并返回;  

                  case STUDENT:

                         long insert = db.insert("student", "id", values);

                         System.out.println("数据文件中,没有student表,也不会报错");

                         db.close();

                         return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, insert);         // 为路径上,加上ID

                  default:

                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Uri:%s 不是合法的uri地址", uri));

                  }

           }

           @Override

           public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {

                  SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

                  switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {                                             // 匹配uri

                  case PERSON_ID:

                         long parseId = ContentUris.parseId(uri);                           // 获取传过来的ID值

                         selection = "id=?";                                                          // 设置查询条件

                         selectionArgs = new String[] { parseId + "" };                  // 查询条件值

                  case PERSON:

                         int delete = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);

                         db.close();

                         return delete;

                  default:

                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Uri:%s 不是合法的uri地址", uri));

                  }

           }

           @Override

           public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {

                  SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

                  switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                  case PERSON_ID:

                         long parseId = ContentUris.parseId(uri);                           // 获取传过来的ID值

                         selection = "id=?";                                                          // 设置查询条件

                         selectionArgs = new String[] { parseId + "" };                  // 查询条件值

                  case PERSON:

                         int update = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);

                         db.close();

                         return update;

                  default:

                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Uri:%s 不是合法的uri地址", uri));

                  }

           }

           @Override

           public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {

                  SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

                  switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                  case PERSON_ID:

                         // == 根据ID查询 ==

                         long parseId = ContentUris.parseId(uri);                           // 获取传过来的ID值

                         selection = "id=?";                                                          // 设置查询条件

                         selectionArgs = new String[] { parseId + "" };                  // 查询条件值

                  case PERSON:

                         Cursor cursor = db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);

                         // == 注意:此处的 db与cursor不能关闭 ==

                         return cursor;

                  default:

                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Uri:%s 不是合法的uri地址", uri));

                  }

           }

           // 返回传入URI的类型,可用于测试URI是否正确

           @Override

           public String getType(Uri uri) {

                  switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

                  case PERSON_ID:

                         return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";             // 表示单条person记录

                  case PERSON:

                         return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";        // 表单多个person记录

                  default:

                         return null;

                  }

           }

    }

    清单中的配置:

     <provider

         android:exported="true"

         android:name="com.itheima.sqlite.provider.HeimaProvider"

         android:authorities="com.itheima.sqlite.provider" />

    authorities 可以配置成如下形式(系统联系人的):

           android:authorities="contacts;com.android.contacts"

    “;” 表示的是可使用 contacts, 与 com.android.contacts

     

    3、内容解析者ContentResolver

    Ÿ  通过Context获得ContentResolver内容访问者对象(内容提供者的解析器对象);

    Ÿ  调用ContentResolver对象的方法即可访问内容提供者

    测试类代码:

    public class HeimaProviderTest extends AndroidTestCase {

           /** 测试添加数据 */

           public void testInsert() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person");

                  ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

                  values.put("name", "小翼");

                  values.put("balance", 13000);

                  Uri insert = resolver.insert(uri, values);               // 获取返回的uri,如:content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/7

                  System.out.println(insert);

           }

           /** 测试删除 */

           public void testRemove() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person");

                  int count = resolver.delete(uri, "id=?", new String[] { 3 + "" });

                  System.out.println("删除了" + count + "行");

           }

           /** 测试更新 */

           public void testUpdate() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person");

                  ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

                  values.put("name", "小赵 update");

                  values.put("balance", 56789);

                  int update = resolver.update(uri, values, "id=?", new String[] { 6 + "" });

                  System.out.println("更新了" + update + "行");

           }

           /** 测试查询 */

           public void testQueryOne() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person");

                  Cursor c = resolver.query(uri, new String[] { "name", "balance" }, "id=?", new String[] { 101 + "" }, null);

                  if (c.moveToNext()) {

                         System.out.print(c.getString(0));

                         System.out.println(" " + c.getInt(1));

                  }

                  c.close();

           }

           /**测试查询全部 */

           public void testQueryAll() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person");

                  Cursor c = resolver.query(uri, new String[] { "id", "name", "balance" }, null, null, "name desc");

                  while (c.moveToNext()) {

                         System.out.println(c.getInt(0) + ", " + c.getString(1) + ", " + c.getInt(2));

                  }

                  c.close();

           }

           /** 测试查询一条 */

           public void testQueryOneWithUriId() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/3");          // 查询ID为3的记录

                  Cursor c = resolver.query(uri, new String[] { "id", "name", "balance" }, null, null, null);

                  if (c.moveToNext()) {

                         System.out.println(c.getInt(0) + ", " + c.getString(1) + ", " + c.getInt(2));

                  }

                  c.close();

           }

           /** 测试获取内容提供者的返回类型 */

           public void testGetType() {

                  ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();

                  System.out.println(resolver.getType(Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/2")));

                  System.out.println(resolver.getType(Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider/person")));

           }

    }

     

    4、监听内容提供者的数据变化

    Ÿ  在内容提供者中可以通知其他程序数据发生变化

    通过Context的getContentResolver()方法获取ContentResolver

    调用其notifyChange()方法发送数据修改通知,发送到系统的公共内存(消息信箱中)

    Ÿ  在其他程序中可以通过ContentObserver监听数据变化

    通过Context的getContentResolver()方法获取ContentResolver

    调用其registerContentObserver()方法指定对某个Uri注册ContentObserver

    自定义ContentObserver,重写onChange()方法获取数据

    示例代码(发通知部分):

           public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {

                  SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();

                         int delete = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);

                         // == 通过内容访问者对象ContentResolve 发通知给所有的Observer ==

                         getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);

                         db.close();

                         return delete;

                  }

           }

    监听部分:

           // 注册内容观察者事件

           private void initRegisterContentObserver() {

                  Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.sqlite.provider");      // 监听的URI

                  // == 第2个参数:true表示监听的uri的后代都可以监听到 ==

                  getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(uri, true, new ContentObserver(new Handler()) {

                         public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {                    // 接到通知就执行                                                      

                                personList = personDao.queryAll();                                                                                                

                                ((BaseAdapter) personListView.getAdapter()).notifyDataSetChanged();

                         }

                  });

           }

     

    5、区别Provider/Resolver/Observer

    1)ContentProvider:内容提供者

           把一个应用程序的私有数据(如数据库)信息暴露给别的应用程序,让别的应用程序可以访问;

           在数据库中有对应的增删改查的方法,如果要让别的应用程序访问,需要有一个路径uri:

    通过content:// 路径对外暴露,uri写法:content://主机名/表名

    2)ContentResolver:内容解析者

           根据内容提供者的路径,对数据进行操作(crud);

    3)ContentObserver:内容观察者

           可以理解成android系统包装好的回调,数据发送变化时,会执行回调中的方法;

           ContentResolver发送通知,ContentObserver监听通知;

    当A的数据发生变化的时候,A就会显示的通知一个内容观察者,不指定观察者,就会发消息给一个路径

  • 相关阅读:
    开启、关闭ubuntu防火墙
    python str byte 互转
    Java 获取系统cpu 内存
    Nginx 针对上游服务器缓存
    Nginx 返回响应过滤响应内容
    Nginx 如何处理上游响应的数据
    Linux 用户和用户组管理
    Linux 文件与目录管理
    Linux 文件与目录管理
    Linux 文件基本属性
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dubo-/p/6676060.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看