idea调试SpringMvc, 出现：”通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'mvc:annotation-driven' 的声明“错误的解决方法

调试json格式输出，出现以下错误：

HTTP Status 500 - Servlet.init() for servlet HelloDispatcher threw exception

 

type Exception report

message Servlet.init() for servlet HelloDispatcher threw exception

description The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet HelloDispatcher threw exception
	org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)
	org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
	org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)
	org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)
	org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784)
	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 75 in XML document from class path resource [mvc.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 75; columnNumber: 30; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'mvc:annotation-driven' 的声明。
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:399)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)
	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)
	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:613)
	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:514)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
	javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
	org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)
	org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
	org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)
	org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)
	org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784)
	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 75; columnNumber: 30; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'mvc:annotation-driven' 的声明。
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:203)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:134)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:396)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:327)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:284)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator$XSIErrorReporter.reportError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:452)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.reportSchemaError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:3230)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:1911)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.emptyElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:760)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:351)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2784)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:602)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:112)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:505)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:841)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:770)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:243)
	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:339)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:76)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadDocument(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:429)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:391)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)
	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)
	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)
	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:613)
	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:514)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
	javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
	org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)
	org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
	org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)
	org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)
	org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784)
	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
	org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

其实这个错误是用于配置文件引起的，mvc.xml配置的beans的命名空间有误，原来是这样的：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd">

其实，应该这样配置：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

同时，应该加入以下配置：

    <!--json解析器配置-->
    <!--将字符串转换为json-->
     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
         <property name="messageConverters">
             <list>
                 <bean id="stringConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                     <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                         <list>
                             <!-- 这里顺序不能反，一定先写text/html,不然ie下出现下载提示 -->
                             <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                             <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                             <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                         </list>
                     </property>
                 </bean>
                 <bean id="jsonConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                     <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                         <list>
                             <!-- 这里顺序不能反，一定先写text/html,不然ie下出现下载提示 -->
                             <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                             <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                             <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                         </list>
                     </property>
                 </bean>
             </list>
         </property>
     </bean>

    <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

这里的变化是：

• 添加<mvc:annotation-driven />,否则已经添加的注解，不起作用
• 其次使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter适配器，而不是原先的org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter适配器，大概是从SpringMvc3.1开始改变的