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  • MariaDB安装

    二进制安装

    (CentOS7 + MariaDB 10.2.8)

    安装前准备

    1. 关闭NUMA
    numctl -interleave=all /path/mysqdd --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf
    https://access.redhat.com/solutions/23216
    
    2. 检查NUMA
    numactl --show
    numactl --hardware
    

    限制设置

    ulimit -a查看
    主要查看open files,max user processes的限制设置。
    open files系统打开文件过多,会报 OS error code 24: Too many open files的错误。

    直接修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件,需重启OS生效。
    vim /etc/security/limits.conf

    *               soft    nproc           65535
    *               hard    nproc           65535
    *               soft    nofile          65535
    *               hard    nofile          65535
    
    3. Swap

    原则:要么不分配,要么最多分配4GB
    查看:
    sysctl -a | grep vm.swappiness

    临时性修改(等号两边没有空格):

    sysctl vm.swappiness=0
    sysctl -p
    

    永久修改(需重启OS生效):

    vim /etc/sysctl.conf
    vm.swappiness=0
    

    如果没有,在最后添加一行。

    4. CPU

    关闭硬件的节能模式,开启高性能模式

    5. 文件系统

    建议XFS
    mysql数据库所在/data目录单独一个挂载分区

    6. SELinux & iptables

    临时性关闭SELinux

    setenforce 0
    

    永久关闭

    vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    SELINUX=disabled
    

    临时性关闭iptables

    service iptables stop
    

    永久关闭

    chkconfig --del iptables
    

    如果是CentOS 7下关闭firewall

    systemctl stop firewall
    systemctl disable firewall
    
    7. IO调度

    raid

    正式安装

    1. 创建账号
    groupadd mysql
    

    运行的mysql账号不能登录linux

    useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
    id mysql
    
    2. 基本软件安装
    mkdir -p /opt/mysql
    cd /opt/mysql
    wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.8/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
    cd /usr/local/
    ln -s /opt/mysql/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64 mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql mysql mysql/
    
    3. 数据库相关的目录
    mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,log,tmp}
    cd /data/
    chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
    

    配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
    以下为4G内存,4核逻辑CPU的my.cnf参考,需要根据生产实际情况而调整:

    [client]
    port = 3306
    socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock
    
    [mysql]
    auto-rehash
    prompt = "\u@\h [\d]"
    default-character-set = utf8mb4
    
    [mysqld]
    user = mysql
    port = 3306
    socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql
    datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
    tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
    skip_name_resolve = 1
    
    #character set
    character-set-server = utf8mb4
    open_files_limit = 65535
    max_connections = 200
    max_connect_errors = 100000
    
    #logs
    log-error = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/error.log
    slow_query_log = 1
    long_query_time = 1
    slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/slow.log
    
    #binlog
    log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/mysql-bin
    binlog_format = row
    binlog_cache_size = 4M
    max_binlog_cache_size = 1000M
    max_binlog_size = 500M
    sync_binlog = 1
    expire_logs_days = 7
    
    #replication
    #server-id format: port of mysql + last two segments of ip
    server-id = 3306137244
    relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/relay-bin
    log_slave_updates = 1
    
    #innodb
    innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
    innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2560M
    innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
    innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
    innodb_file_per_table = 1
    innodb_io_capacity = 2000
    innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
    innodb_log_file_size = 1G
    innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
    innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
    innodb_status_file = 1
    #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
    
    #buffer & cache
    table_open_cache = 2048
    table_definition_cache = 2048
    max_heap_table_size = 32M
    sort_buffer_size = 4M
    join_buffer_size = 4M
    thread_cache_size = 100
    query_cache_size = 0
    query_cache_type = 0
    query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
    thread_stack = 512K
    tmp_table_size = 96M
    key_buffer_size = 32M
    read_buffer_size = 8M
    read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
    bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
    
    #time
    default-time-zone = '+08:00'
    
    [mysqldump]
    quick
    max_allowed_packet = 128M
    
    [myisamchk]
    key_buffer_size = 16M
    sort_buffer_size = 32M
    
    4. 初始化
    cd /usr/local/mysql
    ./scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysql
    

    如果不是配置文件不是默认目录,指定一下。(--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf必须是第一个参数)

    ./scripts/mysql_install_db   --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf   --user=mysql
    

    注意:一定要用相对路径来安装,否则会报:FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults的错误。

    5. 启动
    cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server     /etc/init.d/mysql
    /etc/init.d/mysql start
    

    service mysql start
    

    如果要加入系统自动启动(生产环境一般不会设置自动启动)

    chkconfig --add mysql
    

    官网有提到使用以下启动方式: (https://mariadb.com/kb/en/the-mariadb-library/installing-mariadb-binary-tarballs)

    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
    

    不能使用service msyql stop的方法来关闭,可使用/etc/init.d/mysql stop或mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown或kill 进程来关闭(KILL的方式不推荐)

    6. 连接mysql

    如果在shell下输入mysql显示command not found 是环境变量没有设置好。

    echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >>/etc/profile
    source /etc/profile
    

    在本机使用socket文件连接

    mysql -S /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock -uroot -p
    

    使用TCP/IP连接

    mysql -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1
    
    1. 安全加固
    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'my_password';
    DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user = '';
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
    DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `test`;
    
    1. 关闭mysql
    /etc/init.d/mysql stop
    

    service mysql stop
    



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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fishparadise/p/9068125.html
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