wait()、notify、notifyAll()方法
wait()、notify()、notifyAll()是三个定义在Object类里的方法,可以用来控制线程的状态。
这三个方法最终调用的都是jvm级的native方法。随着jvm运行平台的不同可能有些许差异。
- 如果对象调用了wait方法就会使持有该对象的线程把该对象的控制权交出去,然后处于等待状态。
- 如果对象调用了notify方法就会通知某个正在等待这个对象的控制权的线程可以继续运行。
- 如果对象调用了notifyAll方法就会通知所有等待这个对象控制权的线程继续运行。
注意:一定要在线程同步中使用,并且是同一个锁的资源
public class NotifyAllDemo {
private static volatile Object reA = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
Thread threadA = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (reA){
System.out.println("threadA get reA lock");
try {
System.out.println("threadA begin wait");
reA.wait();
System.out.println("threadA end wait");
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
Thread threadB = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (reA){
System.out.println("threadB get reA lock");
try {
System.out.println("threadB begin wait");
reA.wait();
System.out.println("threadB end wait");
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
Thread threadC = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (reA){
System.out.println("threadC begin notify");
//reA.notify();
reA.notifyAll();
}
}
});
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
threadC.start();
threadA.join();
threadB.join();
threadC.join();
System.out.println("main over");
//调用notify()
//threadA get reA lock
//threadA begin wait
//threadB get reA lock
//threadB begin wait
//threadC begin notify
//threadA end wait
//调用notifyAll()
//threadA get reA lock
//threadA begin wait
//threadB get reA lock
//threadB begin wait
//threadC begin notify
//threadA end wait
//threadB end wait
//main over
//在线程 B 调用共享变量的 wait()方法前线程C调用了共享变量的 notifyAll 方法, 这样,只有线程 A 被唤醒,而线程 B 并没有被唤醒, 还是处于阻塞状态
}
}
补充
/**
* p56
线程T1 线程T2
取得Object监视器
Object.wait()
释放Object监视器
取得Object监视器
Object.notify()
等待Object监视器 释放Object监视器
重获Object监视器
继续执行
*
* T1在正确执行wait()方法前,首先必须获得object对象的监视器,而wait()方法在执行后,会释放这个监视器,这样做的
* 目的是使得其他等待在object对象上的线程不至于因为T1的休眠而全部无法正常执行。
* 线程T2在notify()调用前,必须获得object的监视器,T1已经释放了这个监视器,因此,T2可以顺利获得object的监视器。
* 接着,T2执行了notify()方法尝试唤醒一个等待线程,这里假设唤醒了T1,T1在被唤醒后,要做的第一件事并不是执行后续的代码,
* 而是要尝试重新获得object的监视器,而这个监视器也正是T1在wait()方法执行前所持有的那个。如果暂时无法获得,T1还必须
* 要等待这个监视器,当监视器顺利获得后,T1才可以真正意义上的继续执行。
*/
public class WaitAndNotifyDemo {
final static Object object = new Object();
public static class T1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (object){
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+":T1 start!");
try {
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+":T1 wait for object");
object.wait();//执行后,T1会进行等待,并释放object的锁
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+":T1 end!");
}
}
}
public static class T2 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (object){
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+":T2 start!notify one thread");
object.notify();
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+":T2 end!");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Thread t1 = new T1();
Thread t2 = new T2();
t1.start();
t2.start();
//1566261979660:T1 start!
//1566261979660:T1 wait for object
//1566261979660:T2 start!notify one thread
//1566261979660:T2 end! //此时会卡秒,更明显地说明T1在得到notify()通知后,还是会先尝试重新获得object的对象锁
//1566261981665:T1 end!
/**
* object.wait()与Thead.sleep()区别:
* wait()可以被唤醒,会释放目标对象的锁,而Thead.sleep()方法不会释放任何资源
*/
}
}
/**
* 模拟过时的挂起(suspend),继续执行(resume)
*/
public class WaitAndNotifyDemo2 {
public static Object object = new Object();
public static class ChangeObjectThead extends Thread{
volatile boolean suspendme = false;
//挂起线程
public void suspendMe(){
suspendme = true;
}
//继续执行线程
public void resumeMe(){
suspendme = false;
synchronized (this){
notify();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (this){
//先检查是否被挂起,如果是,则执行wait()方法进行等待,否则进行正常的处理
while (suspendme){
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
synchronized (object){
System.out.println("in ChangeObjectThread");
}
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
}
public static class ReadObjectThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (object){
System.out.println("in ReadObjectThread");
}
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
ChangeObjectThead t1 = new ChangeObjectThead();
ReadObjectThread t2 = new ReadObjectThread();
t1.start();
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println("t1 suspendMe");
t1.suspendMe();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("t1 resumeMe");
t1.resumeMe();
//in ChangeObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ChangeObjectThread
//...
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//...
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ChangeObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ChangeObjectThread
//in ReadObjectThread
//in ChangeObjectThread
}
}