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selenium页面元素操作及常用方法总结

测试页面demo

页面代码

<html>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<body>


    <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" border="1" width="1000">
      <tr color="yellow">
       <td>内容</td>
       <td>页面元素</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>文本框</td>
       <td>
        <input type="text" name="name" value="John">
       </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>单选框</td>
       <td>
        <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked>Male
        <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" disabled>Female
       </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>复选框</td>
       <td>
        <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">bike
        <br>
        <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">car 
        <br>
        <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car2">Apple 
       </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>alert</td>
       <td><input type="button" onclick="alert('alert')" value="alert" name="alert"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>prompt</td>
       <td><input type="button" onclick="prompt('prompt')" value="prompt"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>confirm</td>
       <td><input type="button" onclick="confirm('confirm')" value="confirm"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>文件上传</td>
       <td><input type="file" name="attach"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>下拉选择select</td>
       <td>
       <select id="selector" style="100px;">
          <option value ="苹果">苹果</option>
          <option value ="华为">华为</option>
          <option value="Dell">Dell</option>
        </select>
       </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>select Links</td>
       <td>
       <select  name="selectMenu" style="100px;">
          <option value ="http://www.baidu.com">百度</option>
          <option value ="https://www.zhihu.com/signin?next=%2F">知乎</option>
        </select>
       </td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
       <td>超链接</td>
       <td>
        <a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/gaogo/" >my blog 小新人~</a>
       </td>
      </tr>
    </table>

</body>
</html>

View Code

一、selenium的8大定位方式

selenium的核心是定位WebElement

//1、通过ID定位
By.id("");
//2、通过name定位
By.name("");
//3、通过xpath定位
By.xpath("");
//4、通过className定位
By.className("");
//5、通过cssSelector定位
By.cssSelector("");
//6、通过链接文本定位
By.linkText("");
//7、通过链接文本模糊定位
By.partialLinkText("");
//8、通过tagName定位
By.tagName("");

文本输入框
通过定位得到webElement对象，操作输入框常用方法：

element.clear();  //清除文本框中原有内容
element.sendKeys("测试文本框输入");  //输入文本

单选框radio
radio页面元素的属性

同样，要操作元素，需要先通过定位得到webElement对象，操作radio常用方法：

element.isSelected(); //判断该值是否被选中

element.isEnabled(); //判断该值是否可选，是否有效，当radio对象设置了属性disabled，则webElement对象不可选，isEnabled（）返回false，否则true。
element.getAttribute("name");  //获取对象属性是name的值，<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked>Male，得到值是sex
element.getAttribute("value");  //获取对象属性是value的值，<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" checked>Male，得到的值是male

复选框checkBox
类似于radio

//checkBox
        List<WebElement> checkElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']"));
        for (WebElement element:checkElements){
            System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + element.isSelected());
            System.out.println("checkBox对象是否可选择：" + element.isEnabled());
            System.out.println("CheckBox对象的值：" + element.getAttribute("value"));
            element.click();
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + element.isSelected());
        }


alert、prompt，confirm对话框
先要获取alert元素对象WebElement，webElement.click（）调出alert对话框

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();  //获取alert对象

alert.accept();  //确认，关闭对话框
alert.getText();获取alert的内容
alert.dismiss（）； //取消
alert.sendKeys("输入的内容"); //prompt对话框可以输入内容

文件上传
通常是input框，可以使用sendKeys("上传文件的地址")；

select下拉选择

 WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("selector"));
        Select select = new Select(selectElement);
        select.selectByIndex(0);    //通过索引选择
        Thread.sleep(1000);  
        select.selectByValue("华为");   //通过value值选择
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        select.selectByVisibleText("Dell");  //通过展示的文本选择

选择option的三种方法

selectByIndex(int index) 通过index
selectByVisibleText(String text) 通过匹配到的可见字符
selectByValue(String value) 通过匹配到标签里的value

超链接

<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/gaogo/" >my blog 小新人~</a>

链接的操作方式有很多种，我这里是执行了js

WebElement linkElement = driver.findElement(By.linkText("my blog 小新人~"));
        JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        String js = "window.open('"+linkElement.getAttribute("href")+"')";
        javascriptExecutor.executeScript(js);

String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //当前窗口

driver.switchTo().window(s); //跳转到指定窗口

测试代码

package com.uiAutoTest;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author Jessie
 * @date 2020/9/25 20:26
 */
public class study {

    WebDriver driver;
    
    @Test
    public void test() throws InterruptedException {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\driver\chromedriver.exe");
        driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("D:\document\demo.html");

        //input输入框
        WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("name"));
        element.clear();
        element.sendKeys("测试文本框输入");

        //radio单选框
        WebElement radioElement1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/input[1]"));
        WebElement radioElement2 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/input[2]"));
        Assert.assertTrue(radioElement1.isSelected());
        Assert.assertTrue(radioElement1.isEnabled());
        Assert.assertFalse(radioElement2.isSelected());
        Assert.assertFalse(radioElement2.isEnabled());
        radioElement2.click();
        System.out.println("radioElement1的name属性值" + radioElement1.getAttribute("name"));

        //checkBox多选框
        List<WebElement> checkElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']"));
        for (WebElement one:checkElements){
            System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + one.isSelected());
            System.out.println("checkBox对象是否可选择：" + one.isEnabled());
            System.out.println("CheckBox对象的值：" + one.getAttribute("value"));
            one.click();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("CheckBox对象是否被选中：" + one.isSelected());
        }

        //alert对话框
        WebElement alertElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[5]/td[2]/input"));
        alertElement.click();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert"));
        alert.accept();
        Thread.sleep(2000);

        //prompt对话框
        WebElement promptElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]/input"));
        promptElement.click();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(prompt.getText().contains("prompt"));
        prompt.sendKeys("测试prompt对话框");
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        prompt.accept();

        //confirm对话框
        WebElement confirmElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[7]/td[2]/input"));
        confirmElement.click();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
        Assert.assertTrue(confirm.getText().contains("confirm"));
        confirm.dismiss();
        Thread.sleep(2000);

        //文件上传
        WebElement fileElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td/input[@type='file']"));
        fileElement.sendKeys("D:\document\demo.html");
        Assert.assertTrue(fileElement.getAttribute("value").contains("demo.html"));

        //select下拉选择
        WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("selector"));
        Select select = new Select(selectElement);
        select.selectByIndex(0);    //通过索引选择
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        select.selectByValue("华为");   //通过value值选择
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        select.selectByVisibleText("Dell");  //通过展示的文本选择
        List<WebElement> list = select.getAllSelectedOptions();
        for (WebElement e:list){
            System.out.println(e.getAttribute("value"));
        }

        //超链接
        String currentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();  //当前窗口
        System.out.println(currentWindow);
        WebElement linkElement = driver.findElement(By.linkText("my blog 小新人~"));
        JavascriptExecutor javascriptExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        String href = linkElement.getAttribute("href");
        String js = "window.open('"+linkElement.getAttribute("href")+"')";
        javascriptExecutor.executeScript(js);
        Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();  //获取所有窗口
        for (String s :windowHandles){
            WebDriver window = driver.switchTo().window(s);
            if (window.getCurrentUrl().equals(href)){
                System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());
                break;
            }
        }

        driver.switchTo().window(currentWindow);
        System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());

    }

}

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/gaogo/p/13732946.html