静态编译生成可移植的软件

静态编译生成可移植的软件

linux  opencv  ffmpeg 

主要工作是将一些库进行静态编译，可以在其它未安装这些库的机器上直接运行。

一、libvdpau的问题

如果有目标机的管理员权限的话，可以直接安装软件。

sudo apt install libvdpau-dev

没有没有的话，可以在编译ffmpeg时禁掉vdpau:

./configure --enable-shared --disable-vdpau

或者使用apt source下载源码手动编译成静态库：

$ apt source libvdpau-dev
E: You must put some 'source' URIs in your sources.list

因为/etc/apt/source.list里的deb-src都被注释掉了，可以直接在/etc/apt/source.list中把deb-src注释打开，或者在软件更新中勾上源代码更新。

再运行apt source libvdpau-dev会拉下来一个libvdpau-1.1.1目录，进入目录，配置编译，会在src/.libs目录生成libvdpau.a：

./configure --disable-shared

二、FFmpeg

./configure --disable-shared

三、OpenCV

OpenCV使用静态库：

cmake  -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF -DBUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF ..

其它

可以通过camke -LH ../查看当前cmake选项，可以通过-D去设置该值。

同一目录下有libxxx.a文件和libxxx.so文件，gcc默认会链接so，改变这一默认行为的方法就是：将"-lxxx"改为"-l:libxxx.a"

可以通过ldd查看可执行程序的软件库依赖情况：

./test6: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.0.0: version `OPENSSL_1.0.2' not found (required by ./test6)
./test6: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by ./test6)
./test6: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by ./test6)
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffdb6f18000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fde407ab000)
    libjson-c.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjson-c.so.2 (0x00007fde405a0000)
    libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fde40387000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fde40183000)
    libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3fb46000)
    libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3f893000)
    libcairo.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcairo.so.2 (0x00007fde3f588000)
    libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3f367000)
    libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3f116000)
    libglib-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3ee0e000)
    libjpeg.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8 (0x00007fde3ebb9000)
    libpng12.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0 (0x00007fde3e993000)
    librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007fde3e78b000)
    libvdpau.so.1 => not found
    libva.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva.so.1 (0x00007fde3e575000)
    libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007fde3e240000)
    libva-drm.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva-drm.so.1 (0x00007fde3e03d000)
    libva-x11.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva-x11.so.1 (0x00007fde3de37000)
    libssl.so.1.0.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.0.0 (0x00007fde3dbd8000)
    libcrypto.so.1.0.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (0x00007fde3d7fc000)
    libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fde3d4f8000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fde3d1f2000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fde3cfdc000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fde3cc13000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fde409c9000)
    libgmodule-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3ca0f000)
    libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3c802000)
    libXfixes.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXfixes.so.3 (0x00007fde3c5fc000)
    libatk-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libatk-1.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3c3da000)
    libgio-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3c067000)
    libpangoft2-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpangoft2-1.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3be52000)
    libpango-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpango-1.0.so.0 (0x00007fde3bc05000)
    libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfontconfig.so.1 (0x00007fde3b9c9000)
    libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrender.so.1 (0x00007fde3b7bf000)
    libXinerama.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXinerama.so.1 (0x00007fde3b5bc000)
    libXi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXi.so.6 (0x00007fde3b3ac000)
    libXrandr.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXrandr.so.2 (0x00007fde3b1a2000)
    libXcursor.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXcursor.so.1 (0x00007fde3af98000)
    libXcomposite.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXcomposite.so.1 (0x00007fde3ad95000)
    libXdamage.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdamage.so.1 (0x00007fde3ab92000)
    libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0x00007fde3a980000)
    libpixman-1.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpixman-1.so.0 (0x00007fde3a6d7000)
    libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007fde3a434000)
    libxcb-shm.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-shm.so.0 (0x00007fde3a231000)
    libxcb-render.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb-render.so.0 (0x00007fde3a028000)
    libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007fde39e09000)
    libffi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 (0x00007fde39c01000)
    libpcre.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007fde399c3000)
    libdrm.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdrm.so.2 (0x00007fde397b5000)
    libselinux.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007fde39592000)
    libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007fde39377000)
    libharfbuzz.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libharfbuzz.so.0 (0x00007fde39122000)
    libthai.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthai.so.0 (0x00007fde38f19000)
    libexpat.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007fde38cef000)
    libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007fde38aeb000)
    libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007fde388e5000)
    libgraphite2.so.3 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgraphite2.so.3 (0x00007fde386c9000)
    libdatrie.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdatrie.so.1 (0x00007fde384c2000)

由于目标机和当前Ubuntu发行版不一致，导致一些库版本不匹配，如stdc++, libssl，把这些库都进行了静态编译。最后经过编译，软件可以成功在其它机子上运行。