Given a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).
Assume a BST is defined as follows:
- The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key.
- The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node's key.
- Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.
Example 1:
Input: 2 / 1 3 Output: true
Example 2:
5 / 1 4 / 3 6 Output: false Explanation: The input is: [5,1,4,null,null,3,6]. The root node's value is 5 but its right child's value is 4.
这道验证二叉搜索树有很多种解法,可以利用它本身的性质来做,即左<根<右,也可以通过利用中序遍历结果为有序数列来做,下面我们先来看最简单的一种,就是利用其本身性质来做,初始化时带入系统最大值和最小值,在递归过程中换成它们自己的节点值,用long代替int就是为了包括int的边界条件,代码如下:
C++ 解法一:
// Recursion without inorder traversal class Solution { public: bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) { return isValidBST(root, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX); } bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root, long mn, long mx) { if (!root) return true; if (root->val <= mn || root->val >= mx) return false; return isValidBST(root->left, mn, root->val) && isValidBST(root->right, root->val, mx); } };
Java 解法一:
public class Solution { public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) { if (root == null) return true; return valid(root, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE); } public boolean valid(TreeNode root, long low, long high) { if (root == null) return true; if (root.val <= low || root.val >= high) return false; return valid(root.left, low, root.val) && valid(root.right, root.val, high); } }
这题实际上简化了难度,因为有的时候题目中的二叉搜索树会定义为左<=根<右,而这道题设定为一般情况左<根<右,那么就可以用中序遍历来做。因为如果不去掉左=根这个条件的话,那么下边两个数用中序遍历无法区分:
20 20
/
20 20
它们的中序遍历结果都一样,但是左边的是 BST,右边的不是 BST。去掉等号的条件则相当于去掉了这种限制条件。下面来看使用中序遍历来做,这种方法思路很直接,通过中序遍历将所有的节点值存到一个数组里,然后再来判断这个数组是不是有序的,代码如下:
C++ 解法二:
// Recursion class Solution { public: bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) { if (!root) return true; vector<int> vals; inorder(root, vals); for (int i = 0; i < vals.size() - 1; ++i) { if (vals[i] >= vals[i + 1]) return false; } return true; } void inorder(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& vals) { if (!root) return; inorder(root->left, vals); vals.push_back(root->val); inorder(root->right, vals); } };
Java 解法二:
public class Solution { public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) { List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(); inorder(root, list); for (int i = 0; i < list.size() - 1; ++i) { if (list.get(i) >= list.get(i + 1)) return false; } return true; } public void inorder(TreeNode node, List<Integer> list) { if (node == null) return; inorder(node.left, list); list.add(node.val); inorder(node.right, list); } }
下面这种解法跟上面那个很类似,都是用递归的中序遍历,但不同之处是不将遍历结果存入一个数组遍历完成再比较,而是每当遍历到一个新节点时和其上一个节点比较,如果不大于上一个节点那么则返回 false,全部遍历完成后返回 true。代码如下:
C++ 解法三:
class Solution { public: bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) { TreeNode *pre = NULL; return inorder(root, pre); } bool inorder(TreeNode* node, TreeNode*& pre) { if (!node) return true; bool res = inorder(node->left, pre); if (!res) return false; if (pre) { if (node->val <= pre->val) return false; } pre = node; return inorder(node->right, pre); } };
当然这道题也可以用非递归来做,需要用到栈,因为中序遍历可以非递归来实现,所以只要在其上面稍加改动便可,代码如下:
C++ 解法四:
class Solution { public: bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) { stack<TreeNode*> s; TreeNode *p = root, *pre = NULL; while (p || !s.empty()) { while (p) { s.push(p); p = p->left; } p = s.top(); s.pop(); if (pre && p->val <= pre->val) return false; pre = p; p = p->right; } return true; } };
Java 解法四:
public class Solution { public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) { Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<TreeNode>(); TreeNode p = root, pre = null; while (p != null || !s.empty()) { while (p != null) { s.push(p); p = p.left; } p = s.pop(); if (pre != null && p.val <= pre.val) return false; pre = p; p = p.right; } return true; } }
最后还有一种方法,由于中序遍历还有非递归且无栈的实现方法,称之为 Morris 遍历,可以参考博主之前的博客 Binary Tree Inorder Traversal,这种实现方法虽然写起来比递归版本要复杂的多,但是好处在于是 O(1) 空间复杂度,参见代码如下:
C++ 解法五:
class Solution { public: bool isValidBST(TreeNode *root) { if (!root) return true; TreeNode *cur = root, *pre, *parent = NULL; bool res = true; while (cur) { if (!cur->left) { if (parent && parent->val >= cur->val) res = false; parent = cur; cur = cur->right; } else { pre = cur->left; while (pre->right && pre->right != cur) pre = pre->right; if (!pre->right) { pre->right = cur; cur = cur->left; } else { pre->right = NULL; if (parent->val >= cur->val) res = false; parent = cur; cur = cur->right; } } } return res; } };
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/98
类似题目:
Find Mode in Binary Search Tree
参考资料: