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  • [LeetCode] Find Leaves of Binary Tree 找二叉树的叶节点

    Given a binary tree, collect a tree's nodes as if you were doing this: Collect and remove all leaves, repeat until the tree is empty.

    Example:

    Input: [1,2,3,4,5]
      
              1
             / 
            2   3
           /      
          4   5    
    
    Output: [[4,5,3],[2],[1]]
    

    Explanation:

    1. Removing the leaves [4,5,3] would result in this tree:

              1
             / 
            2          
    

    2. Now removing the leaf [2] would result in this tree:

              1          
    

    3. Now removing the leaf [1] would result in the empty tree:

              []         

    Credits:
    Special thanks to @elmirap for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

    这道题给了我们一个二叉树,让我们返回其每层的叶节点,就像剥洋葱一样,将这个二叉树一层一层剥掉,最后一个剥掉根节点。那么题目中提示说要用DFS来做,思路是这样的,每一个节点从左子节点和右子节点分开走可以得到两个深度,由于成为叶节点的条件是左右子节点都为空,所以我们取左右子节点中较大值加1为当前节点的深度值,知道了深度值就可以将节点值加入到结果res中的正确位置了,求深度的方法我们可以参见 Maximum Depth of Binary Tree 中求最大深度的方法,参见代码如下:

    解法一:

    class Solution {
    public:
        vector<vector<int>> findLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
            vector<vector<int>> res;
            helper(root, res);
            return res;
        }
        int helper(TreeNode* root, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
            if (!root) return -1;
            int depth = 1 + max(helper(root->left, res), helper(root->right, res));
            if (depth >= res.size()) res.resize(depth + 1);
            res[depth].push_back(root->val);
            return depth;
        }
    };

    下面这种DFS方法没有用计算深度的方法,而是使用了一层层剥离的方法,思路是遍历二叉树,找到叶节点,将其赋值为NULL,然后加入leaves数组中,这样一层层剥洋葱般的就可以得到最终结果了:

    解法二:

    class Solution {
    public:
        vector<vector<int>> findLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
            vector<vector<int>> res;
            while (root) {
                vector<int> leaves;
                root = remove(root, leaves);
                res.push_back(leaves);
            }
            return res;
        }
        TreeNode* remove(TreeNode* node, vector<int>& leaves) {
            if (!node) return NULL;
            if (!node->left && !node->right) {
                leaves.push_back(node->val);
                return NULL;
            }
            node->left = remove(node->left, leaves);
            node->right = remove(node->right, leaves);
            return node;
        }
    };

    还有一种不用建立新的递归函数的方法,就用本身来做递归,我们首先判空,然后对左右子结点分别调用递归函数,这样我们suppose左右子结点的所有叶结点已经按顺序存好到了二维数组left和right中,现在要做的就是把两者合并。但是我们现在并不知道左右子树谁的深度大,我们希望将长度短的二维数组加入到长的里面,那么就来比较下两者的长度,把长度存到结果res中,把短的存入到t中,然后遍历短的,按顺序都加入到结果res里,好在这道题没有强行要求每层的叶结点要按照从左到右的顺序存入。当左右子树的叶结点融合完成了之后,当前结点也要新开一层,直接自己组一层,加入结果res中即可,参见代码如下:

    解法三:

    class Solution {
    public:
        vector<vector<int>> findLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
            if (!root) return {};
            vector<vector<int>> left = findLeaves(root->left), right = findLeaves(root->right);
            vector<vector<int>> res = (left.size() >= right.size()) ? left : right;
            vector<vector<int>> t = (left.size() >= right.size()) ? right : left;
            for (int i = 0; i < t.size(); ++i) {
                res[i].insert(res[i].begin(), t[i].begin(), t[i].end());
            }
            res.push_back({root->val});
            return res;
        }
    };

    类似题目:

    Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

    Minimum Height Trees

    参考资料:

    https://leetcode.com/problems/find-leaves-of-binary-tree/

    https://leetcode.com/problems/find-leaves-of-binary-tree/discuss/83773/1-ms-Easy-understand-Java-Solution

    https://leetcode.com/problems/find-leaves-of-binary-tree/discuss/191609/10%2B-line-Java-solution-using-recursion

    https://leetcode.com/problems/find-leaves-of-binary-tree/discuss/83778/10-lines-simple-Java-solution-using-recursion-with-explanation

    LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/5616158.html
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