Spring Security入门Demo

一、spring Security简介

SpringSecurity，这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上，Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技术。

二、建立工程

参考http://blog.csdn.net/haishu_zheng/article/details/51490299，用第二种方法创建名为spring-security-demo的Maven工程。

工程的最终目录结构为

三、源代码

1 pom.xml里引入所需要的包

 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>spring-security-demo</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-demo</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>spring-security-demo</name>
  <description/>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax</groupId>
            <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
            <version>7.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.6.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.6.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.15</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>spring-security-demo</display-name>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
        /WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
        /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

这里两处关于springsecurity的配置表示项目中所有路径的资源都要经过Spring Security。

注意：最好是将DelegatingFilterProxy写在DispatcherServlet之前，否则Spring Security可能不会正常工作。

3 spring-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 定义一个视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
        p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
</beans>

这个XML配置声明一个视图解析器.在控制器中会根据JSP名映射到/WEB-INF/jsp中相应的位置。

4 applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 激活spring的注解. -->
    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- 扫描注解组件并且自动的注入spring beans中.
    例如,他会扫描@Controller 和@Service下的文件.所以确保此base-package设置正确. -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo" />

    <!-- 配置注解驱动的Spring MVC Controller 的编程模型.注:次标签只在 Servlet MVC工作! -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

</beans>

5 spring-security.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd">

    <!--  Spring-Security 的配置 -->
    <!-- 注意use-expressions=true.表示开启表达式,否则表达式将不可用.
    see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html
     -->
    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" >

        <security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>

        <security:form-login
                login-page="/auth/login"
                authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
                default-target-url="/main/common"/>

        <security:logout
                invalidate-session="true"
                logout-success-url="/auth/login"
                logout-url="/auth/logout"/>

    </security:http>

    <!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
    <security:authentication-manager>
            <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
                    <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
            </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>

    <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>

    <!--
        通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
        也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
     -->
    <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="com.demo.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>

</beans>

分析：

（一）

这里/auth/login的权限为permitAll，表示所有人都可以访问此页面；/main/admin的权限为ROLE_ADMIN，表示属于ROLE_ADMIN角色的用户才有权访问此页面；/main/common的权限为ROLE_USER，表示属于ROLE_USER的用户才有权访问此页面。

需要注意的是我们使用了SpringEL表达式来指定角色的访问.

以下是表达式对应的用法：

hasRole([role])返回 true 如果当前主体拥有特定角色。

hasAnyRole([role1,role2])返回 true 如果当前主体拥有任何一个提供的角色 （使用逗号分隔的字符串队列）

principal 允许直接访问主体对象，表示当前用户

authentication允许直接访问当前 Authentication对象 从SecurityContext中获得

permitAll 一直返回true

denyAll 一直返回false

isAnonymous()如果用户是一个匿名登录的用户 就会返回 true

isRememberMe()如果用户是通过remember-me 登录的用户 就会返回true

isAuthenticated()如果用户不是匿名用户就会返回true

isFullyAuthenticated()如果用户不是通过匿名也不是通过remember-me登录的用户时， 就会返回true。

（二）

 

<security:form-login
        login-page="/auth/login"
        authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
        default-target-url="/main/common"/>

表示通过 /auth/login这个映射进行登录. 

如果验证失败则返回一个URL:/auth/login?error=true 
如果登录成功则默认指向:/main/common

（三）

 

<security:logout
                invalidate-session="true"
                logout-success-url="/auth/login"
                logout-url="/auth/logout"/>

这里我们开启了session失效功能。注销URL为:/auth/logout；注销成功后转向:/auth/login。

（四）

 

<bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="com.demo.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>

一个自定义的CustomUserDetailsService,是实现SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我们重写了他即便于我们进行数据库操作.

6 loginpage.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h1>Login</h1>

    <div id="login-error">${error}</div>

    <form action="../j_spring_security_check" method="post">

        <p>
            <label for="j_username">Username</label> <input id="j_username"
                name="j_username" type="text" />
        </p>

        <p>
            <label for="j_password">Password</label> <input id="j_password"
                name="j_password" type="password" />
        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="Login" />

    </form>

</body>
</html>

7 commonpage.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Common Page</h1>
    <p>每个人都能访问的页面.</p>
    <a href="/spring-security-demo/main/admin"> Go AdminPage </a>
    <br />
    <a href="/spring-security-demo/auth/login">退出登录</a>

</body>
</html>

8 adminpage.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Admin Page</h1>
    <p>管理员页面</p>
    <a href="/spring-security-demo/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>

9 deniedpage.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>你的权限不够!</h1>
    <p>只有拥有Admin权限才能访问!</p>
    <a href="/spring-security-demo/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>

10 数据模型DbUser.Java

package com.demo.domain;

public class DbUser {

    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer access;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAccess() {
        return access;
    }

    public void setAccess(Integer access) {
        this.access = access;
    }

}

11 UserDao.java，通过一个初始化的List来模拟数据库操作

package com.demo.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import com.demo.domain.DbUser;

public class UserDao {

    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("dao");

    public DbUser getDatabase(String username) {

        List<DbUser> users = internalDatabase();

        for (DbUser dbUser : users) {
            if (dbUser.getUsername().equals(username) == true) {
                logger.debug("User found");
                return dbUser;
            }
        }
        logger.error("User does not exist!");
        throw new RuntimeException("User does not exist!");

    }

    /**
     * 初始化数据
     */
    private List<DbUser> internalDatabase() {

        List<DbUser> users = new ArrayList<DbUser>();
        DbUser user = null;

        user = new DbUser();
        user.setUsername("admin");

        // "admin"经过MD5加密后
        user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");
        user.setAccess(1);

        users.add(user);

        user = new DbUser();
        user.setUsername("user");

        // "user"经过MD5加密后
        user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee");
        user.setAccess(2);

        users.add(user);

        return users;

    }
}

12 CustomUserDetailsService.java，自定义UserDetailsService,可以通过继承UserDetailsService来达到灵活的自定义UserDetailsService

package com.demo.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import com.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.demo.domain.DbUser;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;

/**
 * 一个自定义的service用来和数据库进行操作. 即以后我们要通过数据库保存权限.则需要我们继承UserDetailsService
 *
 */
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");

    private UserDao userDAO = new UserDao();

    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username)
            throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException {

        UserDetails user = null;

        try {

            // 搜索数据库以匹配用户登录名.
            // 我们可以通过dao使用JDBC来访问数据库
            DbUser dbUser = userDAO.getDatabase(username);

            // Populate the Spring User object with details from the dbUser
            // Here we just pass the username, password, and access level
            // getAuthorities() will translate the access level to the correct
            // role type

            user = new User(dbUser.getUsername(), dbUser.getPassword()
                    .toLowerCase(), true, true, true, true,
                    getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess()));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Error in retrieving user");
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Error in retrieving user");
        }

        return user;
    }

    /**
     * 获得访问角色权限
     *
     * @param access
     * @return
     */
    public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(Integer access) {

        List<GrantedAuthority> authList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2);

        // 所有的用户默认拥有ROLE_USER权限
        logger.debug("Grant ROLE_USER to this user");
        authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER"));

        // 如果参数access为1.则拥有ROLE_ADMIN权限
        if (access.compareTo(1) == 0) {
            logger.debug("Grant ROLE_ADMIN to this user");
            authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN"));
        }

        return authList;
    }
}

13 控制器LoginController.java

package com.demo.controller;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("auth")
public class LoginController {
    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");

    /**
     * 指向登录页面
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getLoginPage(
            @RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) boolean error,
            ModelMap model) {

        logger.debug("Received request to show login page");

        if (error == true) {
            // Assign an error message
            model.put("error",
                    "You have entered an invalid username or password!");
        } else {
            model.put("error", "");
        }
        return "loginpage";
    }

    /**
     * 指定无访问额权限页面
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/denied", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getDeniedPage() {

        logger.debug("Received request to show denied page");

        return "deniedpage";
    }
}

该controller有两个mapping映射

main/common

main/admin

现在我们将同过Spring Security框架实现成功登陆的人都能访问到main/common，但只有拥有admin权限的用户才能访问main/admin。

14 控制器MainController.java

package com.demo.controller;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/main")
public class MainController {
    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");

    /**
     * 跳转到commonpage页面
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/common", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getCommonPage() {
        logger.debug("Received request to show common page");
        return "commonpage";
    }

    /**
     * 跳转到adminpage页面
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getAadminPage() {
        logger.debug("Received request to show admin page");
        return "adminpage";

    }

}

四、运行结果

1 启动spring-security-demo程序

2 在浏览器里输入http://localhost:8080/spring-security-demo/auth/login

3 输入用户名admin密码admin后，点击“Login”按纽

 

4 点击“Go AdminPage”链接，因为有权限，所以可看到管理员页面

5 点击“退出登录”，返回登录页

6 输入用户名user密码user并登录

 

7 点击Go AdminPage链接，因为没有权限，所以看到权限不够的提示

8 退出登录，返回登录页

五、源码下载地址

CSDN: http://download.csdn.net/detail/haishu_zheng/9555916

Github: https://github.com/zhenghaishu/Spring-Security-Demo