1、发送不同的请求
import requests r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/') r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post') r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put') r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete') r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get') r = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
2、GET请求
import requests r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') print(r.text)
{ "args": {}, "headers": { "Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.10.0" }, "origin": "122.4.215.33", "url": "http://httpbin.org/get" }
import requests data = { 'name': 'germey', 'age': 22 } r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=data) print(r.text)
import requests import re headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36' } r = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/explore", headers=headers) pattern = re.compile('explore-feed.*?question_link.*?>(.*?)</a>', re.S) titles = re.findall(pattern, r.text) print(titles)
import requests r = requests.get("https://github.com/favicon.ico") with open('favicon.ico', 'wb') as f: f.write(r.content)
3、POST请求
import requests data = {'name': 'germey', 'age': '22'} r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=data) print(r.text)
{ "args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": { "age": "22", "name": "germey" }, "headers": { "Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Content-Length": "18", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.10.0" }, "json": null, "origin": "182.33.248.131", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post" }
4、响应
import requests r = requests.get('http://www.jianshu.com') print(type(r.status_code), r.status_code) print(type(r.headers), r.headers) print(type(r.cookies), r.cookies) print(type(r.url), r.url) print(type(r.history), r.history)
<class 'int'> 200 <class 'requests.structures.CaseInsensitiveDict'> {'X-Runtime': '0.006363', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff', 'Date': 'Sat, 27 Aug 2016 17:18:51 GMT', 'Server': 'nginx', 'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'ETag': 'W/"3abda885e0e123bfde06d9b61e696159"', 'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block', 'X-Request-Id': 'a8a3c4d5-f660-422f-8df9-49719dd9b5d4', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 'Set-Cookie': 'read_mode=day; path=/, default_font=font2; path=/, _session_id=xxx; path=/; HttpOnly', 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0, private, must-revalidate'} <class 'requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar'> <RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie _session_id=xxx for www.jianshu.com/>, <Cookie default_font=font2 for www.jianshu.com/>, <Cookie read_mode=day for www.jianshu.com/>]> <class 'str'> http://www.jianshu.com/ <class 'list'> []
状态码查询对象requests.codes，用于判断状态码
import requests r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') exit() if not r.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print('Request Successfully')
# 信息性状态码 100: ('continue',), 101: ('switching_protocols',), 102: ('processing',), 103: ('checkpoint',), 122: ('uri_too_long', 'request_uri_too_long'), # 成功状态码 200: ('ok', 'okay', 'all_ok', 'all_okay', 'all_good', '\o/', '✓'), 201: ('created',), 202: ('accepted',), 203: ('non_authoritative_info', 'non_authoritative_information'), 204: ('no_content',), 205: ('reset_content', 'reset'), 206: ('partial_content', 'partial'), 207: ('multi_status', 'multiple_status', 'multi_stati', 'multiple_stati'), 208: ('already_reported',), 226: ('im_used',), # 重定向状态码 300: ('multiple_choices',), 301: ('moved_permanently', 'moved', '\o-'), 302: ('found',), 303: ('see_other', 'other'), 304: ('not_modified',), 305: ('use_proxy',), 306: ('switch_proxy',), 307: ('temporary_redirect', 'temporary_moved', 'temporary'), 308: ('permanent_redirect', 'resume_incomplete', 'resume',), # These 2 to be removed in 3.0 # 客户端错误状态码 400: ('bad_request', 'bad'), 401: ('unauthorized',), 402: ('payment_required', 'payment'), 403: ('forbidden',), 404: ('not_found', '-o-'), 405: ('method_not_allowed', 'not_allowed'), 406: ('not_acceptable',), 407: ('proxy_authentication_required', 'proxy_auth', 'proxy_authentication'), 408: ('request_timeout', 'timeout'), 409: ('conflict',), 410: ('gone',), 411: ('length_required',), 412: ('precondition_failed', 'precondition'), 413: ('request_entity_too_large',), 414: ('request_uri_too_large',), 415: ('unsupported_media_type', 'unsupported_media', 'media_type'), 416: ('requested_range_not_satisfiable', 'requested_range', 'range_not_satisfiable'), 417: ('expectation_failed',), 418: ('im_a_teapot', 'teapot', 'i_am_a_teapot'), 421: ('misdirected_request',), 422: ('unprocessable_entity', 'unprocessable'), 423: ('locked',), 424: ('failed_dependency', 'dependency'), 425: ('unordered_collection', 'unordered'), 426: ('upgrade_required', 'upgrade'), 428: ('precondition_required', 'precondition'), 429: ('too_many_requests', 'too_many'), 431: ('header_fields_too_large', 'fields_too_large'), 444: ('no_response', 'none'), 449: ('retry_with', 'retry'), 450: ('blocked_by_windows_parental_controls', 'parental_controls'), 451: ('unavailable_for_legal_reasons', 'legal_reasons'), 499: ('client_closed_request',), # 服务端错误状态码 500: ('internal_server_error', 'server_error', '/o\', '✗'), 501: ('not_implemented',), 502: ('bad_gateway',), 503: ('service_unavailable', 'unavailable'), 504: ('gateway_timeout',), 505: ('http_version_not_supported', 'http_version'), 506: ('variant_also_negotiates',), 507: ('insufficient_storage',), 509: ('bandwidth_limit_exceeded', 'bandwidth'), 510: ('not_extended',), 511: ('network_authentication_required', 'network_auth', 'network_authentication')