springboot-rabbitmq的使用

一.RabbitMQ的介绍

RabbitMQ是消息中间件的一种,消息中间件即分布式系统中完成消息的发送和接收的基础软件.这些软件有很多,包括ActiveMQ(apache公司的),RocketMQ(阿里巴巴公司的,现已经转让给apache).

消息中间件的工作过程可以用生产者消费者模型来表示.即,生产者不断的向消息队列发送信息,而消费者从消息队列中消费信息.具体过程如下:

 

从上图可看出,对于消息队列来说,生产者,消息队列,消费者是最重要的三个概念,生产者发消息到消息队列中去,消费者监听指定的消息队列,并且当消息队列收到消息之后,接收消息队列传来的消息,并且给予相应的处理.消息队列常用于分布式系统之间互相信息的传递.

对于RabbitMQ来说,除了这三个基本模块以外,还添加了一个模块,即交换机(Exchange).它使得生产者和消息队列之间产生了隔离,生产者将消息发送给交换机,而交换机则根据调度策略把相应的消息转发给对应的消息队列.那么RabitMQ的工作流程如下所示:

 

紧接着说一下交换机.交换机的主要作用是接收相应的消息并且绑定到指定的队列.交换机有四种类型,分别为Direct,topic,headers,Fanout.

Direct是RabbitMQ默认的交换机模式,也是最简单的模式.即创建消息队列的时候,指定一个BindingKey.当发送者发送消息的时候,指定对应的Key.当Key和消息队列的BindingKey一致的时候,消息将会被发送到该消息队列中.

topic转发信息主要是依据通配符,队列和交换机的绑定主要是依据一种模式(通配符+字符串),而当发送消息的时候,只有指定的Key和该模式相匹配的时候,消息才会被发送到该消息队列中.

headers也是根据一个规则进行匹配,在消息队列和交换机绑定的时候会指定一组键值对规则,而发送消息的时候也会指定一组键值对规则,当两组键值对规则相匹配的时候,消息会被发送到匹配的消息队列中.

Fanout是路由广播的形式,将会把消息发给绑定它的全部队列,即便设置了key,也会被忽略.

二.项目工程的依赖

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.7</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
            <scope>true</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加springboot对amqp的支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

三、配置文件

　　

spring:    
    rabbitmq:
    host: 115.29.140.222
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    virtualHost: /
    publisher-returns: true #开启发送失败退回
    publisher-confirms: true #开启发送确认
    listener:
      direct:
        prefetch: 1000
        concurrency: 2000
        max-concurrency: 5000

四、依次写rabbitmq的 Direct模式、top、Fanout的模式

　　（1）Direct模式：此模式是点对点模式，即：发送消息的队列名称和接收队列的名称一致，否则接收方接收不到消息；例： 发送者队列A 接收者只能接收A

　　　　 Direct的配置：

　　　　　　

@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {
    
           @Bean
         public Queue queueA() {
              return new Queue("queueA");
         }
           
           @Bean
         public Queue queueB() {
              return new Queue("queueB");
         }
           
           @Bean
         public Queue queueC() {
              return new Queue("queueC");
         }
    
}

  (2) Direct 发送消息端

　　

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DirectSend {
    
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    public void send() {
        
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++) {
            if(i==0) {
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueA","a");
            }else if(i==1) {
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueB","b");
            } if(i==2) {
                rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queueC","c");
            }
        }
    }
    
}

  (2) Direct 接收消息端

　　

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DirectReceiver {
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="queueA")
    public void processA(String str) {
        System.out.println("processA"+str);
    }
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="queueB")
    public void processB(String str) {
        System.out.println("queueB"+str);
    }
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="queueC")
    public void processC(String str) {
        System.out.println("queueC"+str);
    }
}

（3）测试

　　

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.supers.system.SystemApp;
import com.supers.system.rabbitmq.DirectSend;
import com.supers.system.rabbitmq.FanoutSender;
import com.supers.system.rabbitmq.TopSend;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@SpringBootTest(classes = SystemApp.class)  //自己的启动类
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {

    @Autowired
    private DirectSend directSend;
 
    
    @Test
    public void directSend() throws Exception {
        directSend.send();
    }
}

　　（2）Fanout Exchange形式 ： 需要配置队列Queue,再配置交换机(Exchange),再把队列按照相应的规则绑定到交换机上:

　　

@Configuration
public class TopConfig {

        @Bean(name="message")
        public Queue queueMessage() {
            return new Queue("topic.message");
        }

        @Bean(name="messages")
        public Queue queueMessages() { //队列绑定的路由键规则
            return new Queue("topic.messages");
        }
         
        
        //交换机
        @Bean
        public TopicExchange exchange() {
            return new TopicExchange("exchange");
        }
        
        
        @Bean //将队列绑定此交换机上，路由的键是topic
        Binding bindingExchangeMessage(@Qualifier("message") Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange) {
            return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.message"); //topic.message 路由键
        }

        @Bean
        Binding bindingExchangeMessages(@Qualifier("messages") Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange exchange) {
            return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");//*表示一个词,#表示零个或多个词
        }
        
     
}

发送端的配置：

　　

@Component
public class TopSend {
    
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void send() {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.message","hello,topic.message");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.messages","hello,topic.messages");
    }
     
}

接收端的：

　　

@Component
public class TopReceiver {
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="topic.message")     
    public void process1(String str) {    
        System.out.println("message:"+str);
    }
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="topic.messages")    
    public void process2(String str) {
        System.out.println("messages:"+str);
    }

}

测试：

　　

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SystemApp.class)
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {

    @Autowired
    private DirectSend directSend;

    @Autowired
    private TopSend topSend;
     
    
    @Test
    public void directSend() throws Exception {
        directSend.send();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void TopSend() throws Exception {
        topSend.send();
    }
}

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.message","hello,topic.message");

rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange","topic.messages","hello,topic.messages");

　　方法的第一个参数是交换机名称,第二个参数是发送的key,第三个参数是发送的消息；由于messages的路由键的规则为topic.# ，所以messages队列可以接收到message的消息，#的意思匹配零个或多个；

　Fanout Exchange： 广播式，们发送到路由器的消息会使得绑定到该路由器的每一个Queue接收到消息,发送端配置如下:　

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
    
    @Bean(name="debugMessage")
    public Queue debugMessage() {
        return new Queue("fanout.debug");
    }

    @Bean(name="infoMessage")
    public Queue infoMessage() {
        return new Queue("fanout.info");
    }

    @Bean(name="WarnMessage")
    public Queue WarnMessage() {
        return new Queue("fanout.warn");
    }
    
    @Bean
    FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
        return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");//配置广播路由器
    }
    
    
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeDebug(@Qualifier("debugMessage") Queue debugMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(debugMessage).to(fanoutExchange()); 
    }
    
    
    
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeInfo(@Qualifier("infoMessage") Queue infoMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(infoMessage).to(fanoutExchange()); 
    }
    
    
    
    @Bean
    Binding bindingExchangeWarn(@Qualifier("WarnMessage") Queue WarnMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(WarnMessage).to(fanoutExchange()); 
    }
    
    
}

发送端的代码

　　

@Component
public class FanoutSender {
    
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void send() {
        
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","","abcdefg");
    }
}

接收端的代码

　　

@Component
public class FanoutReceiver {
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="fanout.debug")
    public void processA(String str1) {
        System.out.println("ReceiveA:"+str1);
    }
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="fanout.info")
    public void processB(String str) {
        System.out.println("ReceiveB:"+str);
    }
    
    @RabbitListener(queues="fanout.warn")
    public void processC(String str) {
        System.out.println("ReceiveC:"+str);
    }
}

　测试：

　　

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = SystemApp.class)
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {

    @Autowired
    private DirectSend directSend;

    @Autowired
    private TopSend topSend;
    
    @Autowired
    FanoutSender fanoutSender;
    
    @Test
    public void directSend() throws Exception {
        directSend.send();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void TopSend() throws Exception {
        topSend.send();
    }

    @Test
    public void fanoutSend() throws Exception {
        fanoutSender.send();
    }
    
    
}

以上三种模式：top模式最为灵活