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  • VMware虚拟机扩容

    作者:金良(golden1314521@gmail.com) csdn博客:http://blog.csdn.net/u012176591

    用了一段Linux虚拟机,发现安装虚拟机时分配的空间不够用,又不舍得删掉虚拟机重装,毕竟辛辛苦苦在上面装了好多软件,我可不想再为这些配置折腾一番。

    怎么办呢,当然是虚拟机扩容

    1.虚拟机所在磁盘空间不够,能够把虚拟机复制到还有一块磁盘里。

    2.进入VMware的安装文件夹,在命令提示符后输入"vmware-vdiskmanager",什么參数也不加直接按回车键,可显示这一命令的说明。

    3.这一步要关闭虚拟机才行:

    扩容命令:C:Program FilesVMwareVMware Workstation>vmware-vdiskmanager -x 40Gb "D:Program FilesVirtual MachinesUbuntuUbuntu.vmdk"

    參数 "-x" 表示要扩展虚拟机硬盘空间,紧随其后的数字是要扩展到的大小 ( 扩展到 40GB ,包括了原先的磁盘容量 ) 。 


     重新启动 VMware ,会发现虚拟机硬盘空间已变成 40GB 了


    4.运行命令 df -ah查看磁盘情况,发现磁盘空间和扩容前一样,仍是20G:


    5.查看分区,运行命令:

    fdisk -l
    以下是当前的磁盘分区表截图,这时我们能够看到磁盘的总量的确添加�到 40GB 了,可是分区仅仅有曾经的那几个原有的分区。

    添加�分区过程截图:


    重新启动后格式化该分区:


    发现一个问题,我命名扩增了20G,为什么新增的分区容量这么小,以至于格式化时提示“Filesystem too small for a journal”

    再看虚拟机配置,截图:


    图上显示的是:眼下此虚拟硬盘的大小(current size)是19.8G,最大是(maximum size)40G。可是怎么获得这个最大磁盘容量呢?


    然后我用了还有一种方法扩容:

    与之前的思路不同,本方法不是扩大原来的虚拟磁盘的容量,而是另加一个虚拟磁盘来扩充容量。

    第一步、退出Linux虚拟机系统,通过在VMware上对虚拟机进行设置来添加�一块虚拟硬盘。

    附截图:






    第二步、重新启动Linux虚拟机,对这块虚拟硬盘进行分区、格式化和挂载。

    看下磁盘分区情况:

    root@ubuntu:/home/now/android4.0.1# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000e4e09
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *        2048    39845887    19921920   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2        39847934    41940991     1046529    5  Extended
    /dev/sda5        39847936    41940991     1046528   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

    这里能够看到/dev/sdb 就是我们新加入�的硬盘,我们须要给新的硬盘分区。

    步骤例如以下(看提示):

    root@ubuntu:/home/now/android4.0.1# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9d6a9772.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition
       l   list known partition types
       m   print this menu
       n   add a new partition
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table
       p   print the partition table
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Partition type:
       p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
       e   extended
    Select (default p): p
    Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
    First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
    Using default value 2048
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): 
    Using default value 41943039
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x9d6a9772
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    
    

    再看磁盘分区,已达到我们想要的结果:

    root@ubuntu:/home/now/android4.0.1# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000e4e09
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *        2048    39845887    19921920   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2        39847934    41940991     1046529    5  Extended
    /dev/sda5        39847936    41940991     1046528   82  Linux swap / Solaris
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    213 heads, 34 sectors/track, 5791 cylinders, total 41943040 sectors
    Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x9d6a9772
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux

    我们把新加的磁盘/dev/sdb1 挂载到根分区

    root@ubuntu:/home/now# mount /dev/sdb1 /
    mount: you must specify the filesystem type

    系统提示须要明白的文件类型,即我们须要对其进行格式化。

    以下是格式化操作:

    root@ubuntu:/home/now# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
    mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
    262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=0
    160 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    	4096000
    
    Allocating group tables: done                            
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   
    然后挂载,成功:

    root@ubuntu:/home/now# mount /dev/sdb1 /
    root@ubuntu:/home/now# 

    查看挂载情况,能够看到/dev/sdb1挂载到了根分区:

    root@ubuntu:/home/now# df
    Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda1       19478204 16257028   2208696  89% /
    udev              503544        4    503540   1% /dev
    tmpfs             102472     1108    101364   2% /run
    none                5120        0      5120   0% /run/lock
    none              512352      152    512200   1% /run/shm
    /dev/sdb1       19478204 16257028   2208696  89% /
    

    能够看到这不是我们想要的结果,这是由于“挂载点”必须是一个已经存在的文件夹,这个文件夹能够不为空,但挂载后这个文件夹下曾经的内容将不可用,只是umount以后会恢复正常。

    使用卸载命令,发现不能卸载:

    root@ubuntu:/# umount /dev/sdb1
    umount: /: device is busy.
            (In some cases useful info about processes that use
             the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))

    好在使用mount挂载系统的一个特点是一旦系统重新启动之后就失效,须要又一次挂载。所以我们重新启动就能卸载掉磁盘/dev/sdb1了。

    系统重新启动后,在根文件夹下新建一个子文件夹(由于全部的文件夹都是挂载到根文件夹下的),然后把磁盘/dev/sdb1挂载在此文件夹下:

    root@ubuntu:/home/now# cd /
    root@ubuntu:/# mkdir /storehouse
    root@ubuntu:/# mount /dev/sdb1 /storehouse

    查看存储空间利用情况:

    root@ubuntu:/# df -h
    Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda1        19G   16G  2.2G  88% /
    udev            492M  4.0K  492M   1% /dev
    tmpfs           101M  956K  100M   1% /run
    none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
    none            501M  152K  501M   1% /run/shm
    /dev/sdb1        20G  173M   19G   1% /storehouse

    看到了吧,最后一行就是我们挂载的文件夹。

    使用下面试试,往里面拷贝一个压缩文件:

    root@ubuntu:/# cp  /home/now/android4.0.1.tar.gz  /storehouse
    root@ubuntu:/# ls /storehouse/
    android4.0.1.tar.gz  lost+found
    

    然后查看存储空间利用情况:

    root@ubuntu:/# df -h
    Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda1        19G   16G  2.2G  88% /
    udev            492M  4.0K  492M   1% /dev
    tmpfs           101M  968K  100M   1% /run
    none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
    none            501M  152K  501M   1% /run/shm
    /dev/sdb1        20G  1.9G   17G  11% /storehouse
    

    可以看到可以正常使用。

    改动/etc/fstab文件,开机自己主动挂载:

    如图,红色方框是我们加入�的










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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hrhguanli/p/3788704.html
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