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  • FILEBEAT+ELK日志收集平台搭建流程

     

    filebeat+elk日志收集平台搭建流程

     

    1、         整体简介:

    模式:单机

    平台:Linux - centos - 7

    ELK:elasticsearch、logstash、kibana三款开源软件的集合。

    FILEBEAT:代替logstash的采集功能,轻量、耗用小。

    目前收集的有nginx日志、java日志[单行|多行]。

    都是通过在客户端的生成日志配置文件中定义好初步json格式,然后利用filebeat采集到logstash,存储到elasticsearch,最后通过kibana在浏览器页面中展示出来。

    elasticsearch、logstash、kibana 如果是root安装,默认会创建(elasticsearch、logstash、kibana)三个单独用户来独立运行。用www用户安装好后默认是以www用户运行。本文演示用的是www。

    2、         软件环境安装:

    (1)、java环境:

    Elasticsearch需要安装Java 8的环境。

    如果没有下载jdk1.8的软件包,可以直接安装 java-1.8.0-openjdk

    (2)、下载elasticsearch(Linux版本)的二进制包并解压:

    $ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz

    $ unzip elasticsearch-6.4.0.tar.gz

    $ mv elasticsearch-6.4.0 elasticsearch

    $ vim elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

    path.data: /data/soft/elasticsearch/data/

    path.logs: /data/soft/elasticsearch/logs/

    $ sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144

    $ vim /etc/sysctl.conf文件,添加:

    vm.max_map_count=262144

    $ sysctl -p

    $ vim /etc/security/limits.conf文件,末尾添加:

    *  soft    nproc        20536

    *  hard   nproc        20536

    *  soft    nofile        65536

    *  hard   nofile        65536

    退出重新登录生效。

    将elasticsearch、logstash、kibana、filebeat的bin目录加入到环境变量PATH:

    /data/soft/logstash/bin:/data/soft/kibana/bin:/data

    /soft/elasticsearch/bin:/data/soft/filebeat
    $ nohup elasticsearch -d >/data/soft/elasticsearch/nohup.out 2>&1 &

    启动后,Elastic默认在9200端口运行。

    $ curl -X GET localhost:9200或curl localhost:9200

    {

      "name" : "zny0iRv",

      "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",

      "cluster_uuid" : "AErImFrFQOaoFPzNSdVmfA",

      "version" : {

        "number" : "6.4.0",

        "build_flavor" : "default",

        "build_type" : "tar",

        "build_hash" : "595516e",

        "build_date" : "2018-08-17T23:18:47.308994Z",

        "build_snapshot" : false,

        "lucene_version" : "7.4.0",

        "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "5.6.0",

        "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "5.0.0"

      },

      "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"

    }

    (3)、下载logstash(Linux版本)的二进制包并解压:

             $ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.4.0.zip

             $ unzip logstash-6.4.0.zip logstash-6.4.0

             $ mv logstash-6.4.0 logstash

             $ cd logstash/config/

             $ cat config/logstash.yml|grep -vE '^$|#'

    # pipeline 线程数,可优化为 ---> pipeline.workers: CPU内核数(或几倍cpu内核数)

    pipeline.workers: 32

    # 实际output 时的线程数,可优化为 ---> pipeline.output.workers: 不超过pipeline 线程数

    pipeline.output.workers: 32

    # 每次发送的事件数

    pipeline.batch.size: 8000

    #  发送延时

    pipeline.batch.delay: 15

    # filter设置multiline后,pipline worker会自动将为1,如果使用filebeat,建议在beat中就使用multiline,如果使用logstash作为shipper,建议在input 中设置multiline,不要在filter中设置multiline。

    $ vim logstash.conf

    input {

      beats {

        codec => json

    port => 5044

    #host => “0.0.0.0”

      }

    }

    filter {

      mutate {

        remove_field => ["@version","[beat][name]","[beat][version]","[beat][hostname]","tags"]

        #remove_field => "message"

      }

      if [nx_upstream_host] != "-" {

        mutate {

          convert => {"nx_upstream_response_time"=>"float"}

          convert => {"nx_upstream_response_length"=>"integer"}

          convert => {"nx_upstream_connect_time"=>"float"}

        }

      } else {

        mutate {

          remove_field => ["nx_upstream_host","nx_upstream_response_time","nx_upstream_response_length","nx_upstream_status","nx_upstream_connect_time"]

        }

      }

    }

    output {

      # 8bet-test-srv-4:nginx

      if [project] == "8bet-admin" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "8bet-nginx-admin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "8bet-h5" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "8bet-nginx-h5-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "8bet-newadmin" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "8bet-nginx-newadmin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "8bet-newh5" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "8bet-nginx-newh5-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "8bet-nginx-error" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "8bet-nginx-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      # 8bet-test-srv-5:nginx

      } else if [project] == "pay-nginx-admin" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "pay-nginx-admin-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "pay-nginx-user" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "pay-nginx-user-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "pay-nginx-api" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "pay-nginx-api-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [project] == "pay-nginx-error" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          index => "pay-nginx-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      # 8bet-test-srv-4:java

      } else if [source] == "/log/billing/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-billing-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/billing/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-billing-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/member/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-member-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/member/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-member-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/admin/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-admin-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/admin/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-admin-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/pay/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-pay-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/pay/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-pay-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/discount/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-discount-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/discount/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-discount-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/schedule/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-schedule-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/schedule/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-schedule-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/security/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-security-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/security/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-security-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/caipiao/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-caipiao-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/caipiao/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-caipiao-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/cpbilling/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-cpbilling-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/cpbilling/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-cpbilling-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/cpmessage/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-cpmessage-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/cpmessage/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-cpmessage-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/cpschedule/info.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-cpschedule-info-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      } else if [source] == "/log/cpschedule/error.log" {

        elasticsearch {

          hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

          #manage_template => true

          #template_overwrite => true

          index => "8bet-java-cpschedule-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"

        }

      }

      stdout {

        codec => rubydebug

      }

    }

    #output {

    #  stdout { codec => rubydebug }

    #  elasticsearch {

    #    hosts => ["http://localhost:9200"]

    #    index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM}"

    #  }

    #}

             检查logstash配置文件的语法命令:

    $ logstash --path.settings /data/soft/logstash/config/ -f /data/soft/logstash/config/logstash.conf -t

             $ nohup logstash -f /data/soft/logstash/config/logstash.conf >/data/soft/logstash/out.log 2>&1 &

    (4)、下载kibana(Linux版本)的二进制包并解压:

             $ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

             $ tar -zxf kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

             $ mv kibana-6.4.0-linux-x86_64 kibana

             $ vim kibana/config/kibana.yml

    elasticsearch.url: "http://localhost:9200"

    elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 0

    pid.file: /data/soft/kibana/kibana.pid

             $ nohup /data/soft/kibana/bin/kibana >/data/soft/kibana/out.log 2>&1 &

    3、         FILEBEAT(收集端)单独配置:

    以一台filebeat采集端做示例:

    (1)、nginx日志格式配置:

    $ vim /data/soft/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

    user www;

    worker_processes  4;

    worker_rlimit_nofile 20000;

    worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000;

    error_log /log/nginx/error.log error;

    pid       /log/nginx/nginx.pid;

    events {

        use epoll;

        worker_connections  20000;

    }

    http {

        include       mime.types;

        default_type  application/octet-stream;

        sendfile        on;

        tcp_nodelay     on;

        tcp_nopush     on;

        client_body_timeout 10;

        client_header_timeout 10;

        send_timeout 10;

        keepalive_timeout  50;

        client_body_buffer_size  4k;

        client_header_buffer_size 1k;

        client_max_body_size 10m;

        large_client_header_buffers 2 1k;

        open_file_cache max=65535 inactive=20s;

        open_file_cache_valid 30s;

        open_file_cache_min_uses 1;

        gzip on;

        gzip_min_length 1k;

        gzip_buffers 8 16k;

        gzip_comp_level 3;

        gzip_http_version 1.1;

        gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";

        gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png;

    gzip_vary on;

    # nginx需要配置的日志输出格式为json格式:代替logstashgrok过滤。

        log_format main '{"nx_localtime@timestamp":"$time_local",'

            '"nx_host":"$server_addr",'

            '"nx_client_ip":"$remote_addr",'

            '"nx_body_size":$body_bytes_sent,'

            '"nx_request_time":$request_time,'

            '"nx_scheme":"$scheme",'

            '"nx_http_host":"$host",'

            '"nx_request_method":"$request_method",'

            '"nx_uri":"$uri",'

            '"nx_status":"$status",'

            '"nx_referer":"$http_referer",'

            '"nx_agent":"$http_user_agent",'

            '"nx_upstream_host":"$upstream_addr",'

            '"nx_upstream_response_time":"$upstream_response_time",'

            '"nx_upstream_response_length":"$upstream_response_length",'

            '"nx_upstream_status":"$upstream_status",'

            '"nx_upstream_connect_time":"$upstream_connect_time"}';

        include vhost/*.conf;

    }

     访问nginx,查看此时nginx-log中的输出:

    {"nx_localtime@timestamp":"27/Sep/2018:21:37:17 +0800","nx_host":"156.237.192.218","nx_client_ip":"113.61.62.154","nx_body_size":665,"nx_request_time":0.000,"nx_scheme":"http","nx_http_host":"log.2481888.com","nx_request_method":"GET","nx_uri":"/nginx/","nx_status":"200","nx_referer":"http://log.2481888.com/","nx_agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36","nx_upstream_host":"","nx_upstream_response_time":"","nx_upstream_response_length":"","nx_upstream_status":"","nx_upstream_connect_time":""}

    (2)、java日志格式配置:

    利用spring cloud config配置中心的集中化管理java日志输出,修改统一的配置文件:

    $ vim /data/www/java/log4j2.xml

    <configuration status="INFO">

        <!-- 参数配置 -->

        <properties>

            <property name="app_name">${sys:project.name}</property>

            <property name="log_path">/log/${app_name}</property>

            <!-- 文件输出格式配成json格式,方便filebeat收集,省略logsta过滤 -->

            <property name="PATTERN">{"jv_time":"%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}","jv_level":"%level","jv_thread":"%thread","jv_class":"%logger","jv_method":"%M","jv_message":"%replace{%replace{%msg}{"}{\"}}{ }{|}","jv_throwable":"%replace{%replace{%xEx}{"}{\"}}{[ ]}{|}"}%n{%xEx}{none}</property>

        </properties>

    <appenders>

    ...

    ...

    重启java项目后,此时日志中的输出就变成json格式了。

    {"jv_time": "2018 09 29 20:16:32.672","jv_level": "INFO","jv_thread": "MQClientFactoryScheduledThread", "jv_class": "RocketmqClient", "jv_method": "sendHeartbeatToAllBroker","jv_message": "send heart beat to broker[broker-a 0 8bet-test-srv-2:10911] success","jv_throwable": ""}

    (3)、filebeat的安装与配置:

    $wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

             $ tar -zxf filebeat-6.4.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

             $ mv filebeat-6.4.0-linux-x86_64 filebeat

             $ vim filebeat/filebeat.yml

    filebeat.inputs:

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/nginx/8bet.admin.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-admin

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: nginx

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/nginx/8bet.h5.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-h5

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: nginx

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/nginx/8bet.newadmin.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-newadmin

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: nginx

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/nginx/8bet.newh5.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-newh5

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: nginx

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/nginx/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-nginx-error

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: nginx

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/billing/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-billing

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/billing/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-billing

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    #error日志多行可配置项

    #  multiline.pattern: '^{'

    #  multiline.negate: true

    #  multiline.match: after

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/member/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-member

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/member/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-member

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/admin/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-admin

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/admin/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-admin

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/pay/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-pay

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/pay/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-pay

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/discount/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-discount

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/discount/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-discount

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/schedule/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-schedule

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/schedule/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-schedule

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/security/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-security

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/security/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-security

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/caipiao/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-caipiao

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/caipiao/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-caipiao

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/cpbilling/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-cpbilling

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/cpbilling/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-cpbilling

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/cpmessage/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-cpmessage

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/cpmessage/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-cpmessage

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/cpschedule/info.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-cpschedule

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    - type: log

      paths:

        - /log/cpschedule/error.log

      fields:

        project: 8bet-java-cpschedule

        server_ip: 192.168.41.4

        server_name: 8bet-test-srv-4

        soft: java

      fields_under_root: true

    filebeat.config.modules:

      path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml

      reload.enabled: false

    setup.template.settings:

      index.number_of_shards: 3

    setup.kibana:

    output.logstash:

      hosts: ["8bet-test-srv-6:5044"]

             启动:

             $ /data/soft/filebeat/filebeat -c /data/soft/filebeat/filebeat.yml &

             PS:最后将elk和filebeat的相关命令写入到启动脚本简化操作。

    4、         REST API方式操作:

    常用的几种操作示例:

    $ curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_cat/health?v&pretty=true'

    $ curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/laptops'

    $curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/laptops/doc/1?pretty&pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d ‘{ "title": "Laptop X1 i7 8gb RAM " }’

    $curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/laptops/doc/2?pretty&pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d ‘{ "title": "Laptop X2 i5 4gb RAM " }’

    $ curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/laptops/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json'

    $ curl -XDELETE 'localhost:9200/laptops/?pretty=true'

    5、          附录图片

    filebeat发送字段:

    6、          以下部分为摘录网上文档部分【提供参考】:

    默认情况下,Elastic 只允许本机访问,如果需要远程访问,可以修改 Elastic 安装目录的config/elasticsearch.yml文件,去掉network.host的注释,将它的值改成0.0.0.0,然后重新启动 Elastic。

    network.host: 0.0.0.0

    上面代码中,设成0.0.0.0让任何人都可以访问。线上服务不要这样设置,要设成具体的 IP。

    二、基本概念

    2.1 Node 与 Cluster

    Elastic 本质上是一个分布式数据库,允许多台服务器协同工作,每台服务器可以运行多个 Elastic 实例。

    单个 Elastic 实例称为一个节点(node)。一组节点构成一个集群(cluster)。

    2.2 Index

    Elastic 会索引所有字段,经过处理后写入一个反向索引(Inverted Index)。查找数据的时候,直接查找该索引。

    所以,Elastic 数据管理的顶层单位就叫做 Index(索引)。它是单个数据库的同义词。每个 Index (即数据库)的名字必须是小写。

    下面的命令可以查看当前节点的所有 Index。

    $ curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'

    2.3 Document

    Index 里面单条的记录称为 Document(文档)。许多条 Document 构成了一个 Index。

    Document 使用 JSON 格式表示,下面是一个例子。

    {
      "user": "张三",
      "title": "工程师",
      "desc": "数据库管理"
    }

    同一个 Index 里面的 Document,不要求有相同的结构(scheme),但是最好保持相同,这样有利于提高搜索效率。

    2.4 Type

    Document 可以分组,比如weather这个 Index 里面,可以按城市分组(北京和上海),也可以按气候分组(晴天和雨天)。这种分组就叫做 Type,它是虚拟的逻辑分组,用来过滤 Document。

    不同的 Type 应该有相似的结构(schema),举例来说,id字段不能在这个组是字符串,在另一个组是数值。这是与关系型数据库的表的一个区别。性质完全不同的数据(比如products和logs)应该存成两个 Index,而不是一个 Index 里面的两个 Type(虽然可以做到)。

    下面的命令可以列出每个 Index 所包含的 Type。

    $ curl 'localhost:9200/_mapping?pretty=true'

    根据规划,Elastic 6.x 版只允许每个 Index 包含一个 Type,7.x 版将会彻底移除 Type。

    三、新建和删除 Index

    新建 Index,可以直接向 Elastic 服务器发出 PUT 请求。下面的例子是新建一个名叫weather的 Index。

    $ curl -X PUT 'localhost:9200/weather'

    服务器返回一个 JSON 对象,里面的acknowledged字段表示操作成功。

    {
      "acknowledged":true,
      "shards_acknowledged":true
    }

    然后,我们发出 DELETE 请求,删除这个 Index。

    $ curl -X DELETE 'localhost:9200/weather'

    四、中文分词设置

    首先,安装中文分词插件。这里使用的是 ik,也可以考虑其他插件(比如 smartcn)。

    $ ./bin/elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v5.5.1/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.5.1.zip

    上面代码安装的是5.5.1版的插件,与 Elastic 5.5.1 配合使用。

    接着,重新启动 Elastic,就会自动加载这个新安装的插件。

    然后,新建一个 Index,指定需要分词的字段。这一步根据数据结构而异,下面的命令只针对本文。基本上,凡是需要搜索的中文字段,都要单独设置一下。

    $ curl -X PUT 'localhost:9200/accounts' -d '
    {
      "mappings": {
        "person": {
          "properties": {
            "user": {
              "type": "text",
              "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
            },
            "title": {
              "type": "text",
              "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
            },
            "desc": {
              "type": "text",
              "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
              "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }'

    上面代码中,首先新建一个名称为accounts的 Index,里面有一个名称为person的 Type。person有三个字段。

    • § user
    • § title
    • § desc

    这三个字段都是中文,而且类型都是文本(text),所以需要指定中文分词器,不能使用默认的英文分词器。

    Elastic 的分词器称为 analyzer。我们对每个字段指定分词器。

     
    "user": {
      "type": "text",
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
      "search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"
    }

    上面代码中,analyzer是字段文本的分词器,search_analyzer是搜索词的分词器。ik_max_word分词器是插件ik提供的,可以对文本进行最大数量的分词。

    五、数据操作

    5.1 新增记录

    向指定的 /Index/Type 发送 PUT 请求,就可以在 Index 里面新增一条记录。比如,向/accounts/person发送请求,就可以新增一条人员记录。

    $ curl -X PUT 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1' -d '
    {
      "user": "张三",
      "title": "工程师",
      "desc": "数据库管理"
    }' 

    服务器返回的 JSON 对象,会给出 Index、Type、Id、Version 等信息。

    {
      "_index":"accounts",
      "_type":"person",
      "_id":"1",
      "_version":1,
      "result":"created",
      "_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},
      "created":true
    }

    如果你仔细看,会发现请求路径是/accounts/person/1,最后的1是该条记录的 Id。它不一定是数字,任意字符串(比如abc)都可以。

    新增记录的时候,也可以不指定 Id,这时要改成 POST 请求。

    $ curl -X POST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person' -d '
    {
      "user": "李四",
      "title": "工程师",
      "desc": "系统管理"
    }'

    上面代码中,向/accounts/person发出一个 POST 请求,添加一个记录。这时,服务器返回的 JSON 对象里面,_id字段就是一个随机字符串。

    {
      "_index":"accounts",
      "_type":"person",
      "_id":"AV3qGfrC6jMbsbXb6k1p",
      "_version":1,
      "result":"created",
      "_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},
      "created":true
    }

    注意,如果没有先创建 Index(这个例子是accounts),直接执行上面的命令,Elastic 也不会报错,而是直接生成指定的 Index。所以,打字的时候要小心,不要写错 Index 的名称。

    5.2 查看记录

    向/Index/Type/Id发出 GET 请求,就可以查看这条记录。

    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1?pretty=true'

    上面代码请求查看/accounts/person/1这条记录,URL 的参数pretty=true表示以易读的格式返回。

    返回的数据中,found字段表示查询成功,_source字段返回原始记录。

    {
      "_index" : "accounts",
      "_type" : "person",
      "_id" : "1",
      "_version" : 1,
      "found" : true,
      "_source" : {
        "user" : "张三",
        "title" : "工程师",
        "desc" : "数据库管理"
      }
    }

    如果 Id 不正确,就查不到数据,found字段就是false。

    $ curl 'localhost:9200/weather/beijing/abc?pretty=true'
    {
      "_index" : "accounts",
      "_type" : "person",
      "_id" : "abc",
      "found" : false
    }

    5.3 删除记录

    删除记录就是发出 DELETE 请求。

    $ curl -X DELETE 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1'

    这里先不要删除这条记录,后面还要用到。

    5.4 更新记录

    更新记录就是使用 PUT 请求,重新发送一次数据。

    $ curl -X PUT 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1' -d '
    {
        "user" : "张三",
        "title" : "工程师",
        "desc" : "数据库管理,软件开发"
    }' 
     
    {
      "_index":"accounts",
      "_type":"person",
      "_id":"1",
      "_version":2,
      "result":"updated",
      "_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},
      "created":false
    }

    上面代码中,我们将原始数据从"数据库管理"改成"数据库管理,软件开发"。 返回结果里面,有几个字段发生了变化。

    "_version" : 2,
    "result" : "updated",
    "created" : false

    可以看到,记录的 Id 没变,但是版本(version)从1变成2,操作类型(result)从created变成updated,created字段变成false,因为这次不是新建记录。

    六、数据查询

    6.1 返回所有记录

    使用 GET 方法,直接请求/Index/Type/_search,就会返回所有记录。

    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'
    {
      "took":2,
      "timed_out":false,
      "_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},
      "hits":{
        "total":2,
        "max_score":1.0,
        "hits":[
          {
            "_index":"accounts",
            "_type":"person",
            "_id":"AV3qGfrC6jMbsbXb6k1p",
            "_score":1.0,
            "_source": {
              "user": "李四",
              "title": "工程师",
              "desc": "系统管理"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index":"accounts",
            "_type":"person",
            "_id":"1",
            "_score":1.0,
            "_source": {
              "user" : "张三",
              "title" : "工程师",
              "desc" : "数据库管理,软件开发"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

    上面代码中,返回结果的 took字段表示该操作的耗时(单位为毫秒),timed_out字段表示是否超时,hits字段表示命中的记录,里面子字段的含义如下。

    • § total:返回记录数,本例是2条。
    • § max_score:最高的匹配程度,本例是1.0
    • § hits:返回的记录组成的数组。

    返回的记录中,每条记录都有一个_score字段,表示匹配的程序,默认是按照这个字段降序排列。

    6.2 全文搜索

    Elastic 的查询非常特别,使用自己的查询语法,要求 GET 请求带有数据体。

     
    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'  -d '
    {
      "query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "软件" }}
    }'

    上面代码使用 Match查询,指定的匹配条件是desc字段里面包含"软件"这个词。返回结果如下。

     
    {
      "took":3,
      "timed_out":false,
      "_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},
      "hits":{
        "total":1,
        "max_score":0.28582606,
        "hits":[
          {
            "_index":"accounts",
            "_type":"person",
            "_id":"1",
            "_score":0.28582606,
            "_source": {
              "user" : "张三",
              "title" : "工程师",
              "desc" : "数据库管理,软件开发"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

    Elastic 默认一次返回10条结果,可以通过size字段改变这个设置。

     
    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'  -d '
    {
      "query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "管理" }},
      "size": 1
    }'

    上面代码指定,每次只返回一条结果。

    还可以通过from字段,指定位移。

     
    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'  -d '
    {
      "query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "管理" }},
      "from": 1,
      "size": 1
    }'

    上面代码指定,从位置1开始(默认是从位置0开始),只返回一条结果。

    6.3 逻辑运算

    如果有多个搜索关键字, Elastic 认为它们是or关系。

     
    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'  -d '
    {
      "query" : { "match" : { "desc" : "软件 系统" }}
    }'

    上面代码搜索的是软件 or 系统。

    如果要执行多个关键词的and搜索,必须使用布尔查询

     
    $ curl 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search'  -d '
    {
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            { "match": { "desc": "软件" } },
            { "match": { "desc": "系统" } }
          ]
        }
      }
    }'
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/immense/p/11402726.html
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