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  • 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 设计数据结构:在1的时间内插入、删除、产生随机数

    [抄题]:

    Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

    1. insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
    2. remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
    3. getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

    Example:

    // Init an empty set.
    RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();
    
    // Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
    randomSet.insert(1);
    
    // Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
    randomSet.remove(2);
    
    // Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
    randomSet.insert(2);
    
    // getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
    randomSet.getRandom();
    
    // Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
    randomSet.remove(1);
    
    // 2 was already in the set, so return false.
    randomSet.insert(2);
    
    // Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.
    randomSet.getRandom();

     [暴力解法]:

    时间分析:

    空间分析:

     [优化后]:

    时间分析:

    空间分析:

    [奇葩输出条件]:

    [奇葩corner case]:

    [思维问题]:

    以前不知道这类题在干嘛:其实就是自己用一种数据结构,实现另一种数据结构

    [一句话思路]:

    为了保证随机生成的概率均衡,数组必须保持满格,只能从最后一位删除

    [输入量]:空: 正常情况:特大:特小:程序里处理到的特殊情况:异常情况(不合法不合理的输入):

    [画图]:

    [一刷]:

    1. 提前备注,别忘了加return

    [二刷]:

    [三刷]:

    [四刷]:

    [五刷]:

      [五分钟肉眼debug的结果]:

    [总结]:

    其实就是自己用一种数据结构,实现另一种数据结构

    [复杂度]:Time complexity: O(n) Space complexity: O(n)

    [英文数据结构或算法,为什么不用别的数据结构或算法]:

    新建随机对象、利用随机数方法:

     java.util.Random rand = new java.util.Random(); 类名首字母大写
    nums.get( rand.nextInt(nums.size()) );

    [算法思想:递归/分治/贪心]:

    [关键模板化代码]:

    [其他解法]:

    [Follow Up]:

    [LC给出的题目变变变]:

     [代码风格] :

    class RandomizedCollection {
    
        /** Initialize your data structure here. */
        HashMap<Integer, Set<Integer>> map;
        ArrayList<Integer> nums;
        java.util.Random rand = new java.util.Random();
        
        public RandomizedCollection() {
            map = new HashMap<Integer, Set<Integer>>();
            nums = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        
        /** Inserts a value to the collection. Returns true if the collection did not already contain the specified element. */
        public boolean insert(int val) {
            boolean contain = map.containsKey(val);
            if (!contain) map.put(val, new HashSet<Integer>());
            
            map.get(val).add(nums.size());
            nums.add(val);
            
            return !contain;
        }
        
        /** Removes a value from the collection. Returns true if the collection contained the specified element. */
        public boolean remove(int val) {
            boolean contain = map.containsKey(val);
            if (!contain) return false;
            
            int loc = map.get(val).iterator().next();
            //renew location
            if (loc < nums.size() - 1) {
                int lastone = nums.get(nums.size() - 1);
                nums.set(loc, lastone);
                map.get(lastone).add(loc);
                map.get(lastone).remove(nums.size() - 1);
            }
            
            //remove, if key is empty
            nums.remove(nums.size() - 1);
            map.get(val).remove(loc);
            if (map.get(val).isEmpty()) map.remove(val);
            
            //return 
            return true;
        }
        
        /** Get a random element from the collection. */
        public int getRandom() {
            return nums.get(rand.nextInt(nums.size()));
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Your RandomizedCollection object will be instantiated and called as such:
     * RandomizedCollection obj = new RandomizedCollection();
     * boolean param_1 = obj.insert(val);
     * boolean param_2 = obj.remove(val);
     * int param_3 = obj.getRandom();
     */
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/immiao0319/p/9015318.html
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