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表分区与索引分区

一：前言

二：分区技术概述

三：创建表分区

1：范围分区

  1 ----创建一个商品零售表，然后为该表按照销售日期所在季度创建4个分区
  2 
  3 SYSTEM@orcl> ho clear
  4 
  5 
  6 SYSTEM@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  7 
  8 TABLESPACE_NAME
  9 ------------------------------
 10 USERS
 11 UNDOTBS1
 12 SYSAUX
 13 SYSTEM
 14 EXAMPLE
 15 TBS_TEST1
 16 TBS_TEST_3
 17 TBS_TEST4
 18 TBS_TEST5
 19 TBS_BIG_1
 20 
 21 10 rows selected.
 22 
 23 SYSTEM@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 24 Connected.
 25 SCOTT@orcl> create table  ware_retail_part --创建一个描述商品零售的数据表
 26   2  (
 27   3    id integer primary key,--销售编号
 28   4    retail_date date,--销售日期
 29   5    ware_name varchar2(50)--商品名称
 30   6  )
 31   7  partition by range(retail_date)
 32   8  (
 33   9    --2011年第一个季度为part_01分区
 34  10    partition par_01 values less than(to_date('2011-04-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST1,
 35  11    --2011年第二个季度为part_02分区
 36  12    partition par_02 values less than(to_date('2011-07-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST_3,
 37  13    --2011年第三个季度为part_03分区
 38  14    partition par_03 values less than(to_date('2011-10-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST4,
 39  15    --2011年第四个季度为part_04分区
 40  16    partition par_04 values less than(to_date('2012-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST1
 41  17  );
 42 
 43 
 44 Table created.
 45 
 46 SCOTT@orcl> SCOTT@orcl>

  1 create table ware_retail_part2 --创建一个描述商品零售的数据表
  2 (
  3   id integer primary key,--销售编号
  4   retail_date date,--销售日期
  5   ware_name varchar2(50)--商品名称
  6 )
  7 partition by range(id,retail_date)--按照销售序号和销售日期分区
  8 (
  9   --第一个分区part_01
 10   partition par_01 values less than(10000,to_date('2011-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBSP_1,
 11   --第一个分区part_02
 12   partition par_02 values less than(20000,to_date('2012-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBSP_1,
 13   --第一个分区part_03
 14   partition par_03 values less than(maxvalue,maxvalue) tablespace TBSP_2
 15 );
 16

2: 散列分区

  1 SCOTT@orcl>
  2 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  3 Connected.
  4 SYS@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  5 
  6 TABLESPACE_NAME
  7 ------------------------------
  8 USERS
  9 UNDOTBS1
 10 SYSAUX
 11 SYSTEM
 12 EXAMPLE
 13 TBS_TEST1
 14 TBS_TEST_3
 15 TBS_TEST4
 16 TBS_TEST5
 17 TBS_BIG_1
 18 
 19 10 rows selected.
 20 
 21 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 22 Connected.
 23 SCOTT@orcl> create table ware_retail_part3 --创建一个描述商品零售的数据表
 24   2  (
 25   3    id integer primary key,--销售编号
 26   4    retail_date date,--销售日期
 27   5    ware_name varchar2(50)--商品名称
 28   6  )
 29   7  partition by hash(id)
 30   8  (
 31   9    partition par_01 tablespace TBS_TEST1,
 32  10    partition par_02 tablespace TBS_TEST4
 33  11  );
 34 
 35 Table created.
 36 
 37 SCOTT@orcl>

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> insert into ware_retail_part3 values(99,to_date('2018-03-22','yyyy-mm-dd'),'adfadsfas');
  3 
  4 1 row created.
  5 
  6 SCOTT@orcl> select * from ware_retail_part3 partition(par_02);
  7 
  8         ID RETAIL_DA WARE_NAME
  9 ---------- --------- --------------------------------------------------
 10         99 22-MAR-18 adfadsfas
 11 
 12 SCOTT@orcl> select * from ware_retail_part3 partition(par_01);
 13 
 14 no rows selected
 15 
 16 SCOTT@orcl>

  1 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  2 Connected.
  3 SYS@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  4 
  5 TABLESPACE_NAME
  6 ------------------------------
  7 USERS
  8 UNDOTBS1
  9 SYSAUX
 10 SYSTEM
 11 EXAMPLE
 12 TBS_TEST1
 13 TBS_TEST_3
 14 TBS_TEST4
 15 TBS_TEST5
 16 TBS_BIG_1
 17 
 18 10 rows selected.
 19 
 20 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 21 Connected.
 22 SCOTT@orcl> create table person(
 23   2    id number primary key,
 24   3    name varchar2(20),
 25   4    sex varchar2(2)
 26   5  )partition by hash(id)
 27   6  partitions 2
 28   7  store in(TBS_TEST1,TBS_TEST_3);
 29 
 30 
 31 Table created.
 32 
 33 SCOTT@orcl> SCOTT@orcl>

  1 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  2 Connected.
  3 SYS@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  4 
  5 TABLESPACE_NAME
  6 ------------------------------
  7 USERS
  8 UNDOTBS1
  9 SYSAUX
 10 SYSTEM
 11 EXAMPLE
 12 TBS_TEST1
 13 TBS_TEST_3
 14 TBS_TEST4
 15 TBS_TEST5
 16 TBS_BIG_1
 17 
 18 10 rows selected.
 19 
 20 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 21 Connected.
 22 SCOTT@orcl> create table goods_1 (   --//定义包含商品信息表
 23   2    id number,   --编号
 24   3    goodname varchar2(50)  --名称
 25   4  )storage(initial 2048k)   ---定义表分区的初始化空间大小为 2048 kb
 26   5  partition by hash(id)    --创建id列作为分区键的hash表分区
 27   6  ( partition par1 tablespace TBS_TEST1,
 28   7   partition par2 tablespace TBS_TEST_3
 29   8  );
 30 
 31 Table created.
 32 
 33 SCOTT@orcl>

3：列表分区

  1 create table clients
  2 (
  3   id integer primary key,
  4   name varchar2(50),
  5   province varchar2(20)
  6 )
  7 partition by list(province)
  8 (
  9   partition shandong values('山东省'),
 10   partition guangdong values('广东省'),
 11   partition yunnan values('云南省')
 12 );

4：组合分区

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  3 Connected.
  4 SYS@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  5 
  6 TABLESPACE_NAME
  7 ------------------------------
  8 USERS
  9 UNDOTBS1
 10 SYSAUX
 11 SYSTEM
 12 EXAMPLE
 13 TBS_TEST1
 14 TBS_TEST_3
 15 TBS_TEST4
 16 TBS_TEST5
 17 TBS_BIG_1
 18 
 19 10 rows selected.
 20 
 21 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 22 Connected.
 23 
 24 SCOTT@orcl>  create table person2                                       --创建以一个描述个人信息的表
 25   2  (
 26   3    pid number primary key,                          --个人的编号
 27   4    name varchar2(20),                                       --姓名
 28   5    sex varchar2(2)                                  --性别
 29   6  )
 30   7  partition by range(pid )--以id作为分区键创建范围分区
 31   8  subpartition by hash(name)--以name列作为分区键创建hash子分区
 32   9  subpartitions 2 store in(TBS_TEST_3,TBS_TEST4)--hash子分区公有两个，分别存储在两个不同的命名空间中
 33  10  (
 34  11    partition par1 values less than(5000),--范围分区，id小于5000
 35  12    partition par2 values less than(10000),--范围分区，id小于10000
 36  13    partition par3 values less than(maxvalue)--范围分区，id不小于10000
 37  14  );
 38 
 39 Table created.
 40 
 41 SCOTT@orcl>

5：interval 分区

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  3 Connected.
  4 SYS@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  5 
  6 TABLESPACE_NAME
  7 ------------------------------
  8 USERS
  9 UNDOTBS1
 10 SYSAUX
 11 SYSTEM
 12 EXAMPLE
 13 TBS_TEST1
 14 TBS_TEST_3
 15 TBS_TEST4
 16 TBS_TEST5
 17 TBS_BIG_1
 18 
 19 10 rows selected.
 20 
 21 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 22 Connected.
 23 SCOTT@orcl> create table saleRecord(
 24   2   id number primary key, --编号
 25   3   goodsname varchar2(50),--商品名称
 26   4   saledate date,--销售日期
 27   5   quantity number--销售量
 28   6  )
 29   7  partition by range(saledate)
 30   8  interval (numtoyminterval(1,'year'))
 31   9  (
 32  10    --设置分区键值日期小于2012-01-01
 33  11    partition par_fist values less than (to_date('2012-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd'))
 34  12  );
 35 
 36 Table created.
 37 
 38 SCOTT@orcl>

四：表分区策略

五：管理表分区

1：添加表分区

  1 alter table clients add partition hebei values('河北省') storage(inital 10k next 20kl) tablespace tbsp_1 nologging;
  2

2: 合并分区

、

1:合并散列分区

  1 SCOTT@orcl> alter table person coalesce partition;
  2 
  3 Table altered.
  4 
  5 SCOTT@orcl>

2: 合并复合分区

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> alter table person2 modify partition par3 coalesce subpartition;
  3 
  4 Table altered.
  5 
  6 SCOTT@orcl>

3：删除分区

1：删除一个表分区

  1 SCOTT@orcl> alter table  WARE_RETAIL_PART drop partition par_04;
  2 
  3 Table altered.
  4 
  5 SCOTT@orcl>

2：删除有数据和全局索引的表分区

  1 SCOTT@orcl> alter table  WARE_RETAIL_PART drop partition par_04;
  2 
  3 Table altered.
  4 
  5 SCOTT@orcl>   select t.*,i.index_type from user_ind_columns t,user_indexes i where t.index_name = i.index_name and t.table_name = i.table_name and t.table_name ='WARE_RETAIL_PART';
  6 
  7 INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME
  8 ------------------------------ ------------------------------
  9 COLUMN_NAME
 10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 11 COLUMN_POSITION COLUMN_LENGTH CHAR_LENGTH DESC INDEX_TYPE
 12 --------------- ------------- ----------- ---- ---------------------------
 13 SYS_C0012488                   WARE_RETAIL_PART
 14 ID
 15               1            22           0 ASC  NORMAL
 16 
 17 
 18 SCOTT@orcl>  select t.*,i.index_type from user_ind_columns t,user_indexes i where t.index_name = i.index_name and t.table_name = i.table_name and t.index_name ='WARE_index';
 19 
 20 no rows selected
 21 
 22 SCOTT@orcl> alter index SYS_C0012488 rebuild;
 23 
 24 Index altered.
 25 
 26 SCOTT@orcl>

3：使用 delete 和　alter table… drop partition 语句

  1 SCOTT@orcl> delete from WARE_RETAIL_PART where retail_date >=to_date('201110-01','yyyy-mm-dd') ;
  2 
  3 0 rows deleted.
  4 
  5 SCOTT@orcl> alater table ware_retail_part drop partition par_04;

4：删除具有完整性约束的分区

4: 并入分区

  1 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  2 Connected.
  3 SYS@orcl> select tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
  4 
  5 TABLESPACE_NAME
  6 ------------------------------
  7 USERS
  8 UNDOTBS1
  9 SYSAUX
 10 SYSTEM
 11 EXAMPLE
 12 TBS_TEST1
 13 TBS_TEST_3
 14 TBS_TEST4
 15 TBS_TEST5
 16 TBS_BIG_1
 17 
 18 10 rows selected.
 19 
 20 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott;
 21 Connected.
 22 SCOTT@orcl> select table_name from user_tables;
 23 
 24 TABLE_NAME
 25 ------------------------------
 26 DEPT
 27 EMP
 28 BONUS
 29 SALGRADE
 30 DEPT_LOG
 31 GOODS
 32 DDL_OPER_LOG
 33 TB_TEST
 34 STUDENTS
 35 STUDENTS_DEMO
 36 STUDENTS_DEMO1
 37 
 38 TABLE_NAME
 39 ------------------------------
 40 STUDENTS_3
 41 STUDENTS_4
 42 BOOKS
 43 BOOKS_1
 44 MEMBERS
 45 WARE_RETAIL_PART
 46 WARE_RETAIL_PART3
 47 PERSON
 48 GOODS_1
 49 PERSON2
 50 SALERECORD
 51 
 52 TABLE_NAME
 53 ------------------------------
 54 STUDENTS_7
 55 STUDENTS_5
 56 
 57 24 rows selected.
 58 
 59 SCOTT@orcl> --创建表和分区
 60 SCOTT@orcl> create table sales--创建一个销售记录表
 61   2  (
 62   3    id number primary key,--记录编号
 63   4    goodsname varchar2(10),--商品名
 64   5    saledate date--销售日期
 65   6  )
 66   7  partition by range(saledate)--按照日期分区
 67   8  (
 68   9    --第一季度数据
 69  10    partition part_sea1 values less than(to_date('2011-04-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST1 ,
 70  11    --第二季度数据
 71  12    partition part_sea2 values less than(to_date('2011-07-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST_3 ,
 72  13    --第三季度数据
 73  14    partition part_sea3 values less than(to_date('2011-10-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST1 ,
 74  15    --第四季度数据
 75  16    partition part_sea4 values less than(to_date('2012-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) tablespace TBS_TEST_3
 76  17  );
 77 
 78 
 79 Table created.
 80 
 81 SCOTT@orcl> SCOTT@orcl>

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> SCOTT@orcl>  create index index_3_4 on sales(saledate)
  3   2  local(
  4   3  partition part_seal tablespace TBS_TEST1,
  5   4  partition part_sea2 tablespace TBS_TEST_3,
  6   5  partition part_sea3 tablespace TBS_TEST1,
  7   6  partition part_sea4 tablespace TBS_TEST_3
  8   7  );
  9 
 10 Index created.
 11 
 12 SCOTT@orcl>

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> --并入分区
  3 SCOTT@orcl> alter table sales merge partitions part_sea3,part_sea4 into partition part_sea4;
  4 
  5 
  6 Table altered.
  7 
  8 SCOTT@orcl> SCOTT@orcl>

  1 SCOTT@orcl> SCOTT@orcl> --重建局部索引
  2 SCOTT@orcl> alter table sales modify partition part_sea4 rebuild unusable local indexes;
  3 
  4 Table altered.
  5 
  6 SCOTT@orcl>

六：创建索引分区

1：索引分区概述

2：本地索引分区

1:准备好需要的表空间

  1 SYS@orcl> create tablespace ts_1 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ts1.dbf' size 10m extent management local autoallocate ;
  2 
  3 Tablespace created.
  4 
  5 SYS@orcl> create tablespace ts_2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ts2.dbf' size 10m extent management local autoallocate ;
  6 
  7 Tablespace created.
  8 
  9 SYS@orcl> create tablespace ts_3 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ts3.dbf' size 10m extent management local autoallocate ;
 10 
 11 Tablespace created.
 12 
 13 SYS@orcl>

2：创建一个储存学生成绩的分区表studentgrade,该表共有3个分区，分别位于表空间ts_1/ts_2/ts_3；

  1 
  2 SYS@orcl> conn scott/scott
  3 Connected.
  4 SCOTT@orcl> create table studentgrade(
  5   2       id number primary key,
  6   3       name varchar2(10),
  7   4       subject varchar2(10),
  8   5       grade number
  9   6       )
 10   7       partition by range(grade)
 11   8       (
 12   9       partition par_nopass values less than (60) tablespace ts_1,
 13  10       partition par_pass values less than(70) tablespace ts_2,
 14  11       partition par_good values less than(maxvalue) tablespace ts_3
 15  12       );
 16 
 17 Table created.
 18 
 19 SCOTT@orcl>

3：根据表分区创建本地索引分区，与表分区一样。索引分区也是3个分区（p1,p2,p3）

  1 SCOTT@orcl>  create index grade_index on studentgrade(grade) local
  2   2          (
  3   3          partition p1 tablespace ts_1,
  4   4          partition p2 tablespace ts_2,
  5   5          partition p3 tablespace ts_3
  6   6          );
  7 
  8 Index created.
  9

4: 通过 dba_ind_partitions 视图来进行查看索引分区信息

  1 SCOTT@orcl> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
  2 Connected.
  3 
  4 SYS@orcl> desc dba_ind_partitions;
  5  Name                                      Null?    Type
  6  ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
  7  INDEX_OWNER                                        VARCHAR2(30)
  8  INDEX_NAME                                         VARCHAR2(30)
  9  COMPOSITE                                          VARCHAR2(3)
 10  PARTITION_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 11  SUBPARTITION_COUNT                                 NUMBER
 12  HIGH_VALUE                                         LONG
 13  HIGH_VALUE_LENGTH                                  NUMBER
 14  PARTITION_POSITION                                 NUMBER
 15  STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(8)
 16  TABLESPACE_NAME                                    VARCHAR2(30)
 17  PCT_FREE                                           NUMBER
 18  INI_TRANS                                          NUMBER
 19  MAX_TRANS                                          NUMBER
 20  INITIAL_EXTENT                                     NUMBER
 21  NEXT_EXTENT                                        NUMBER
 22  MIN_EXTENT                                         NUMBER
 23  MAX_EXTENT                                         NUMBER
 24  MAX_SIZE                                           NUMBER
 25  PCT_INCREASE                                       NUMBER
 26  FREELISTS                                          NUMBER
 27  FREELIST_GROUPS                                    NUMBER
 28  LOGGING                                            VARCHAR2(7)
 29  COMPRESSION                                        VARCHAR2(8)
 30  BLEVEL                                             NUMBER
 31  LEAF_BLOCKS                                        NUMBER
 32  DISTINCT_KEYS                                      NUMBER
 33  AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY                            NUMBER
 34  AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY                            NUMBER
 35  CLUSTERING_FACTOR                                  NUMBER
 36  NUM_ROWS                                           NUMBER
 37  SAMPLE_SIZE                                        NUMBER
 38  LAST_ANALYZED                                      DATE
 39  BUFFER_POOL                                        VARCHAR2(7)
 40  FLASH_CACHE                                        VARCHAR2(7)
 41  CELL_FLASH_CACHE                                   VARCHAR2(7)
 42  USER_STATS                                         VARCHAR2(3)
 43  PCT_DIRECT_ACCESS                                  NUMBER
 44  GLOBAL_STATS                                       VARCHAR2(3)
 45  DOMIDX_OPSTATUS                                    VARCHAR2(6)
 46  PARAMETERS                                         VARCHAR2(1000)
 47  INTERVAL                                           VARCHAR2(3)
 48  SEGMENT_CREATED                                    VARCHAR2(3)

  1 
  2 SYS@orcl> select index_owner,index_name ,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_ind_partitions where INDEX_NAME='GRADE_INDEX';
  3 
  4 INDEX_OWNER                    INDEX_NAME
  5 ------------------------------ ------------------------------
  6 PARTITION_NAME                 TABLESPACE_NAME
  7 ------------------------------ ------------------------------
  8 SCOTT                          GRADE_INDEX
  9 P1                             TS_1
 10 
 11 SCOTT                          GRADE_INDEX
 12 P2                             TS_2
 13 
 14 SCOTT                          GRADE_INDEX
 15 P3                             TS_3
 16 
 17 
 18 SYS@orcl> INDEX_NAME

3：全局索引分区

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> create index index_saleprice on BOOKS(saleprice) global partition by range(saleprice) ( partition p1 values less than(30),partition p2 values less than(50),partition p3 values less than(maxvalue) );
  3 
  4 Index created.

  1 SCOTT@orcl> create index index_ISBN on books(ISBN) global partition by hash(ISBN);
  2 
  3 Index created.
  4 
  5 SCOTT@orcl>

七：管理索引分区

1：索引分区管理的操作列表

2：索引分区管理的实际操作

1：删除索引分区

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> alter index index_saleprice drop partition p2;
  3 
  4 Index altered.

  1 SCOTT@orcl> alter index index_saleprice drop partition p1;
  2 
  3 Index altered.
  4 SCOTT@orcl> alter index index_saleprice drop partition p1;
  5 
  6 Index altered.

2：重命名索引分区

  1 
  2 SCOTT@orcl> alter index index_saleprice rename partition p3 to p_new;
  3 
  4 Index altered.
  5 
  6 SCOTT@orcl>

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ios9/p/8624663.html