# --------------------- Linux basic ------------------------------
# file name: linux_basic
# author :
# date : 2014-3-25
# contact : QQ :
# email :
# summary : Linux basic command operation
# -------------------- Linux basic -------------------------------
# ------ generic symbol ------------------------------------------
/ : root directory
~ : usr directory
./ : current directory path
.. : up directory path
!cmd : invoke last command
& : run job in background
# --- create a linux user and group -----------------------------
adduser user_name : you must have root privilege
passwd user_name : set the password for the user
su user_name : change user account and need the user password
whoami : display the user name
# ------ file operation -----------------------------------------
man cmd : manual and input "q" to quit man command
ls : list the directory and files
ls -a : list all includes hidden directory and files
ls -l : format list
ll -a : format list
cd : change directory to the /home/user
cd ~ : ~ means the /home/user directory
cd dir_path : go to the dir_path directory
pwd : present working directory
mkdir dir : create a directory
touch file : create a file
vi file : vi editor
gvim file : gvim editor
chmod 777 dir : change r/w/x property
chmod a+x file : file will be executed by all
chmod [ugoa]+[rwx] file|dir
chown user:group files|directory : change file owner and group
chgrp gourp_name files : change file group
cat file : look at the file context on terminal
more file : view the file
less file : view the file like gvim or vi
cp -f file1 file2 : copy file1 to file2
cp -r dir1 dir2 : copy directory recursively
mv file1 dir|file2 : move (or rename) file1 to file2
wc file : count lines words and characters
wc -w file : count word of file
wc -l file : count line
rm file : remove file
rm -r dir : remove dir* (recursive)
rm -f file : enforced to remove file (force)
rm -rf dir : enforced to remove dir*
ln -s file link: create a symbolic link to file
grep pattern file : search pattern matched in file
grep error sim.log :
grep -r pattern dir : search pattern incursively in directory
find / -name file_name : search the file from / directory
find /etc -name '*con*':
find / -size +100M :
#------ pack files -------------------------------
tar -cvf file.tar files : create a tar file
tar -xvf file.tar : extract a tar file
tar -czvf file.tar.gz files : create a gzip file
tar -xzvf file.tar.gz
tar -cjvf file.tar.bz2 files : create a bzip2 file
tar -xjvf file.tar.bz2
gzip file : create a file.gz file
gzip -d file.gz :
# ------ install rpm package ---------------------
rpm -qa : query all installed RPM packages
rpm -ivh RPM.rpm : install RPM package
./configure
make
make install
grep ERROR cmp.log > error.log
grep ERROR sim.log >> error.log
cat > file : sample the standard input and put them into the file
cmd | grep pattern : search pattern in cmd output
rpm -qa | grep vim
cat /etc/passwd | grep /bin/bash | wc -l
man ls | col -b > ls_man.txt
grep ERROR sim.log | tee -a error.log
#------ process manage -------------------------
ps : display the current active process
top : display all process of the OS
kill pid : stop the pid process
killall proc : stop all of the proc process
bg : list the suspended job in background
fg : resume the last suspended job in foreground
#------ system info ----------------------------
date : display system time
date +%Y%m%d
date +%s
date +%N
cal : display calendar
uptime :
w : display who logon and what are doing
whoami : print effective userid
uname -a : display all OS system info
which cmd : show the full path of the cmd
su root|usr : change the usr
exit : usr shell quit
echo $PATH : show the variable
clear : clear the info on the terminal
history : show the command history
!cmd : invoke the last cmd
make : invoke Makefile
make clean; make cpl; make sim :
cat /proc/cpuinfo : show CUP information
cat /proc/meminfo : show memory information
df : report file system disk space usage
du -b|k|m file|dir: estimate file space usage
du -s file|dir : summary
du -sm file|dir
# ------ network info --------------------------
ping host|IP : ping IP address and print the result
hostname : display system host name
ifconfig -a : configure the network
# ------ hot key -------------------------------
ctrl + c : stop the current command
ctrl + z : suspend the job and put it into background
'fg' can be used to resume the job
free the license and take it soon
ctrl + d : display directoy in cd command