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  • k8s滚动更新(六)

    实践

    滚动更新是一次只更新一小部分副本,成功后,再更新更多的副本,最终完成所有副本的更新。滚动更新的最大的好处是零停机,整个更新过程始终有副本在运行,从而保证了业务的连续性。

    下面我们部署三副本应用,初始镜像为 httpd:2.2.31,然后将其更新到 httpd:2.2.32。

    第一步: httpd:2.2.31 的配置文件如下:

     
    [root@ken ~]# cat httpd.yml 
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: httpd
    spec:
      replicas: 3
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            run: httpd
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: httpd
            image: httpd:2.2.31
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80
     

    第二步:部署应用并查看

     
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd.yml
    deployment.apps/httpd created
    
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
    NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd   0/3     3            0           10s   httpd        httpd:2.2.31   run=httpd
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide
    NAME             DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES        SELECTOR
    httpd-76cfb94bf4 3          3      0   23s  httpd    httpd:2.2.31 pod-template-hash=76cfb94bf4,run=httpd
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
    NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP            NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    httpd-76cfb94bf4-629s2   1/1     Running   0          113s   10.244.1.34   host1   <none>           <none>
    httpd-76cfb94bf4-lt9wb   1/1     Running   0          113s   10.244.1.33   host1   <none>           <none>
    httpd-76cfb94bf4-n62nj   1/1     Running   0          113s   10.244.2.23   host2   <none>           <none>
     

    部署过程如下:

    创建 Deployment httpd

    创建 ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4

    创建三个 Pod

    当前镜像为 httpd:2.2.31

    第三步:将配置文件中 httpd:2.2.31 替换为 httpd:2.2.32,再次执行 kubectl apply。

     
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd.yml
    deployment.apps/httpd configured
    
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment -o wide
    NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE    CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd   3/3     1            3           4m2s   httpd        httpd:2.2.32   run=httpd
    
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get replicaset -o wide  #这一步要稍等几分钟才会切换到32版本
    NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd-6cf6bf9f57   3         3         3       2m47s   httpd        httpd:2.2.32   pod-template-hash=6cf6bf9f57,run=httpd
    httpd-76cfb94bf4   0         0         0       6m30s   httpd        httpd:2.2.31   pod-template-hash=76cfb94bf4,run=httpd
    
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
    NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    httpd-6cf6bf9f57-5md94   1/1     Running   0          2m58s   10.244.2.24   host2   <none>           <none>
    httpd-6cf6bf9f57-nvxnc   1/1     Running   0          75s     10.244.1.35   host1   <none>           <none>
    httpd-6cf6bf9f57-v7lpg   1/1     Running   0          22s     10.244.1.36   host1   <none>           <none>
     

    我们发现了如下变化:

    Deployment httpd 的镜像更新为 httpd:2.2.32

    新创建了 ReplicaSethttpd-6cf6bf9f57,镜像为 httpd:2.2.32,并且管理了三个新的 Pod。

    之前的 ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4里面已经没有任何 Pod。

    结论是:ReplicaSethttpd-76cfb94bf4的三个 httpd:2.2.31 Pod 已经被 ReplicaSethttpd-6cf6bf9f57的三个 httpd:2.2.32 Pod 替换了。

    第四步:具体过程可以通过 kubectl describe deployment httpd 查看。

     
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl describe deployment httpd
    ...
    Events:
      Type    Reason             Age    From                   Message
      ----    ------             ----   ----                   -------
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  9m11s  deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 3
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  5m28s  deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set httpd-6cf6bf9f57 to 1
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  3m45s  deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 2
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  3m45s  deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set httpd-6cf6bf9f57 to 2
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  2m52s  deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 1
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  2m52s  deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set httpd-6cf6bf9f57 to 3
      Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  2m50s  deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set httpd-76cfb94bf4 to 0
     

    每次只更新替换一个 Pod:

    ReplicaSet httpd-6cf6bf9f57 增加一个 Pod,总数为 1。

    ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4 减少一个 Pod,总数为 2。

    ReplicaSet httpd-6cf6bf9f57 增加一个 Pod,总数为 2。

    ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4 减少一个 Pod,总数为 1。

    ReplicaSet httpd-6cf6bf9f57 增加一个 Pod,总数为 3。

    ReplicaSet httpd-76cfb94bf4 减少一个 Pod,总数为 0。

    每次替换的 Pod 数量是可以定制的。Kubernetes 提供了两个参数 maxSurge 和 maxUnavailable 来精细控制 Pod 的替换数量,我们将在后面结合 Health Check 特性一起讨论。

    更新回滚

    kubectl apply 每次更新应用时 Kubernetes 都会记录下当前的配置,保存为一个 revision(版次),这样就可以回滚到某个特定 revision。

    默认配置下,Kubernetes 只会保留最近的几个 revision,可以在 Deployment 配置文件中通过 revisionHistoryLimit 属性增加 revision 数量。

    第一步:下面实践回滚功能。

    应用有如下三个配置文件 httpd.v1.yml,httpd.v2.yml 和 httpd.v3.yml,分别对应不同的 httpd 镜像 2.4.16,2.4.17 和 2.4.18:

    第二步:部署应用并更新

    后面一个部署的应用,会覆盖掉前面的(名称相同)

     
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd_v1.yml --record
    deployment.apps/httpd created
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide
    NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd   3/3     3            3           18s   httpd        httpd:2.4.16   run=httpd
    
    
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd_v2.yml --record
    deployment.apps/httpd configured
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide
    NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd   3/3     2            3           75s   httpd        httpd:2.4.17   run=httpd
    
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl apply -f httpd_v3.yml --record
    deployment.apps/httpd configured
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide
    NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd   3/3     1            3           94s   httpd        httpd:2.4.18   run=httpd
     

    –record 的作用是将当前命令记录到 revision 记录中,这样我们就可以知道每个 revison 对应的是哪个配置文件。

    第三步:通过 kubectl rollout history deployment httpd 查看 revison 历史记录。

    [root@ken ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment httpd
    deployment.extensions/httpd 
    REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
    1         kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v1.yml --record=true
    2         kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v2.yml --record=true
    3         kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v3.yml --record=true

    CHANGE-CAUSE 就是 –record 的结果。

    第四步:如果要回滚到某个版本,比如 revision 1,可以执行命令 kubectl rollout undo deployment httpd –to-revision=1:

    [root@ken ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment httpd --to-revision=1
    deployment.extensions/httpd rolled back
    [root@ken ~]# kubectl get deployment httpd -o wide
    NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
    httpd   3/3     3            3           5m26s   httpd        httpd:2.4.16   run=httpd

    第五步:此时,revison 历史记录也会发生相应变化。

    [root@ken ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment httpd
    deployment.extensions/httpd 
    REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
    2         kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v2.yml --record=true
    3         kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v3.yml --record=true
    4         kubectl apply --filename=httpd_v1.yml --record=true

    revison 1 变成了 revison 4。不过我们可以通过 CHANGE-CAUSE 知道每个 revison 的具体含义。所以一定要在执行 kubectl apply 时加上 –record参数。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/it-peng/p/11393782.html
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