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  • linux-grep

    grep --help

    [root@ora ~]# grep --help

    Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...

    Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.

    PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE).

    Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c

     

    Regexp selection and interpretation:

    -E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE) 模式是一个扩展正则表达式

    -F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings PATTERN是一组以新行分隔的固定字符串

    -G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE) 模式是一个基本的正则表达式(BRE)

    -P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression PATTERN是一个Perl正则表达式

    -e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching 使用模式进行匹配

    -f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE 从文件中获取模式

    -i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions 忽略大小写的区别

    -w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words 强制pattern只匹配整个单词,精确匹配整个单词

    -x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines 强制pattern只匹配整行,精确匹配整行

    -z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline

     

    Miscellaneous:

    -s, --no-messages suppress error messages

    -v, --invert-match select non-matching lines 反相匹配

    -V, --version print version information and exit

    --help display this help and exit

    --mmap ignored for backwards compatibility

     

    Output control:

    -m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM matches

    -b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines 额外打印字节偏移量

    -n, --line-number print line number with output lines 额外打印行号

    --line-buffered flush output on every line

    -H, --with-filename print the filename for each match

    -h, --no-filename suppress the prefixing filename on output

    --label=LABEL print LABEL as filename for standard input

    -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN 只显示匹配的部分

    -q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output 安静模式,不输出

    --binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE;

    TYPE is `binary', `text', or `without-match'

    -a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text

    -I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match

    -d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories;

    ACTION is `read', `recurse', or `skip'

    -D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets;

    ACTION is `read' or `skip'

    -R, -r, --recursive equivalent to --directories=recurse

    --include=FILE_PATTERN search only files that match FILE_PATTERN

    --exclude=FILE_PATTERN skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN

    --exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE

    --exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped.

    -L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match 打印不能匹配的文件名

    -l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches 打印能匹配上的文件名

    -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE 打印匹配的行数

    -T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed)

    -Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name

     

    Context control:

    -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context 附加打印后几行

    -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context 附加打印前几行

    -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context 附加打印前后几行

    -NUM same as --context=NUM

    --color[=WHEN],

    --colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings;

    WHEN is `always', `never', or `auto'

    -U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS)

    -u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there (MSDOS)

     

    `egrep' means `grep -E'. `fgrep' means `grep -F'.

    Direct invocation as either `egrep' or `fgrep' is deprecated. 直接调用egrep和fgrep已经废弃了,使用grep –e /-f

    With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. If less than two FILEs

    are given, assume -h. Exit status is 0 if any line was selected, 1 otherwise;

    if any error occurs and -q was not given, the exit status is 2.

     

    匹配得上返回0,匹配不上返回1,有错误返回2

    示例

    准备材料

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

    3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

    4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    -i 忽略大小写

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -i ROOT

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    -w 精确匹配

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep roo

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -w roo

    -x 匹配整行

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep roo

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -x roo

    -v 反向匹配

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep roo

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -v roo

    2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

    3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

    4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    -n 显示行号

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -v -n roo

    2:2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

    3:3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

    4:4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    5:5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6:6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7:7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8:8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9:9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10:10 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

    11:9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    -c 匹配的行的数量

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -c mail

    2

    -B 附加打印前几行

    root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -B 4 shutdown

    3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

    4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    -A 附加打印后几行

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -A 2 shutdown

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    -C 附加打印前后几行

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -C 2 shutdown

    5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    去除文件中的空白行

    cat passwd |grep –v '^$'

    去除文件中的注释行

    cat passed |grep –v '^#'

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

    3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

     

    4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    #5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -v '^$'

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

    3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

    4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    #5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    [root@node0 tmp]# cat passwd |grep -v '^$'|grep -v '^#'

    1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

    2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

    3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

    4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

    6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

    7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

    8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    10 uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin

    9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

    [root@node0 tmp]#

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jeancheng/p/13067128.html
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