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  • 解决冲突

    人生不如意之事十之八九,合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的。

    准备新的feature1分支,继续我们的新分支开发:

    $ git checkout -b feature1
    Switched to a new branch 'feature1'
    

    修改readme.txt最后一行,改为:

    Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
    

    feature1分支上提交:

    $ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "AND simple"
    [feature1 75a857c] AND simple
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
    

    切换到master分支:

    $ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
    

    Git还会自动提示我们当前master分支比远程的master分支要超前1个提交。

    master分支上把readme.txt文件的最后一行改为:

    Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
    

    提交:

    $ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "& simple"
    [master 400b400] & simple
     1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
    

    现在,master分支和feature1分支各自都分别有新的提交,变成了这样:

    git-br-feature1

    这种情况下,Git无法执行“快速合并”,只能试图把各自的修改合并起来,但这种合并就可能会有冲突,我们试试看:

    $ git merge feature1
    Auto-merging readme.txt
    CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
    Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
    

    果然冲突了!Git告诉我们,readme.txt文件存在冲突,必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status也可以告诉我们冲突的文件:

    $ git status
    # On branch master
    # Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
    #
    # Unmerged paths:
    #   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
    #
    #       both modified:      readme.txt
    #
    no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
    

    我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容:

    Git is a distributed version control system.
    Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
    Git has a mutable index called stage.
    Git tracks changes of files.
    <<<<<<< HEAD
    Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
    =======
    Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
    >>>>>>> feature1
    

    Git用<<<<<<<=======>>>>>>>标记出不同分支的内容,我们修改如下后保存:

    Creating a new branch is quick and simple.
    

    再提交:

    $ git add readme.txt 
    $ git commit -m "conflict fixed"
    [master 59bc1cb] conflict fixed
    

    现在,master分支和feature1分支变成了下图所示:

    git-br-conflict-merged

    用带参数的git log也可以看到分支的合并情况:

    $ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
    *   59bc1cb conflict fixed
    |
    | * 75a857c AND simple
    * | 400b400 & simple
    |/
    * fec145a branch test
    ...
    

    最后,删除feature1分支:

    $ git branch -d feature1
    Deleted branch feature1 (was 75a857c).
    

    工作完成。

    小结

    当Git无法自动合并分支时,就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后,再提交,合并完成。

    git log --graph命令可以看到分支合并图。

    貌似没有看到有冲突:

    第一次试验没有冲突,重新在feature1分支上修改 提交,随后跳转到 master分支上再次进行修改,然后提交,第三 用 merge 合并 feature1分支,出现冲突。

    对文件进行修改后,再次提交,commit   conflict fixed 提交,然后处理冲突结束。

    记录如下:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jeremylee/p/5537425.html
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