Linux下Java、Maven、Tomcat的安装

1、安装Java（此处假定安装文件夹位/usr/local）

1）下载jdk（jdk-7），下载地址例如以下：

32位：http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u67-b01/jdk-7u67-linux-i586.tar.gz

64位：http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u67-b01/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

下载命令（以64位为例）：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u67-b01/jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

2）解压到安装文件夹。使用例如以下命令：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo tar -xf jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

3）配置环境变量，改动/etc/profile文件

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

在末尾加入例如以下内容：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk1.7.0_67  
export JRE_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk1.7.0_67 /jre  
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH 
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH

运行例如以下命令：

$ source /etc/profile

输入java命令，看看是否生效，部分结果例如以下：

$ java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
           (to execute a class)
   or  java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
           (to execute a jar file)

where options include:
    -d32          use a 32-bit data model if available

    -d64          use a 64-bit data model if available
    -server	  to select the "server" VM
                  The default VM is server.
                  
    -cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
    -classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
                  A : separated list of directories, JAR archives,
                  and ZIP archives to search for class files.
    -D<name>=<value>

2、安装maven

1）下载，下载命令例如以下：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://apache.fayea.com/apache-mirror/maven/maven-3/3.2.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.tar.gz

2）解压，命令例如以下：

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo tar -xf apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.tar.gz

3）配置环境变量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

在末尾加入例如以下内容：

export M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.2.2
export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin

运行例如以下命令：

$ source /etc/profile

输入mvn --help命令，看看是否生效，部分结果例如以下：

mvn --help

usage: mvn [options] [<goal(s)>] [<phase(s)>]

Options:
 -am,--also-make                        If project list is specified, also
                                        build projects required by the
                                        list
 -amd,--also-make-dependents            If project list is specified, also
                                        build projects that depend on
                                        projects on the list
 -B,--batch-mode                        Run in non-interactive (batch)
                                        mode
 -C,--strict-checksums                  Fail the build if checksums don't
                                        match

3、安装tomcat

1）下载

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.55/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz

2）解压缩

$ cd /usr/local
$ sudo tar -xf apache-tomcat-7.0.55.tar.gz

3）配置环境变量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

在末尾加入例如以下内容：

export export TOMCAT_HOME=/export/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.42
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin

运行例如以下命令：

$ cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
$ bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_67/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/bootstrap.jar:/export/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

此时，在浏览器打开http://localhost:8080，能够看到例如以下页面，表示启动成功。

能够运行例如以下命令关闭tomcat：

$ cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
$ bin/shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_67/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/bootstrap.jar:/export/software/apache-tomcat-7.0.55/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

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