Docker入门

Docker 安装 MySQL

查找Docker Hub上的mysql镜像

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker search mysql
INDEX       NAME                                                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                                                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   5757      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                                                MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   1837      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                                     Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   397                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql                             Zabbix Server with MySQL database support       91                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/hypriot/rpi-mysql                                      RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql          79                   
docker.io   docker.io/centurylink/mysql                                      Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   59                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql                          Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server ...   47                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mysql                                            Base docker image to run a MySQL database ...   31                   
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          29                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7                                MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   21                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster                                    Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...   19                   
docker.io   docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3                             Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...   16                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/mysql                                      A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...   14                   
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mysql                                          Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      13                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysql                              Zabbix proxy with MySQL database support        11                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7                                MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   8                    
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7                             DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...   6                    
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mysql                                         MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   4                    
docker.io   docker.io/dsteinkopf/backup-all-mysql                            backup all DBs in a mysql server                3                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/frodenas/mysql                                         A Docker Image for MySQL                        2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb                        An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cloudfoundry/cf-mysql-ci                               Image used in CI of cf-mysql-release            0                    
docker.io   docker.io/cloudposse/mysql                                       Improved `mysql` service with support for ...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/inferlink/landmark-mysql                               landmark-mysql                                  0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openzipkin/zipkin-mysql                                Mirror of https://quay.io/repository/openz...   0 

这里我们拉取官方的镜像：

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
2a72cbf407d6: Pull complete 
38680a9b47a8: Pull complete 
4c732aa0eb1b: Pull complete 
c5317a34eddd: Pull complete 
f92be680366c: Pull complete 
e8ecd8bec5ab: Pull complete 
2a650284a6a8: Pull complete 
5b5108d08c6d: Pull complete 
beaff1261757: Pull complete 
c1a55c6375b5: Pull complete 
8181cde51c65: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:691c55aabb3c4e3b89b953dd2f022f7ea845e5443954767d321d5f5fa394e28c
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest

 等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql,标签为latest(最新)的镜像。

使用mysql镜像

运行容器

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf.d/ -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/data -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
5645591944b0d8273e9df8a38abba36d64c64d4284f026265d373f6a2a1e8248

命令说明：

• -p 3306:3306：将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口

• --name mymysql：容器的名字

• -v $PWD/conf/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf.d/：将主机当前目录下的conf/my.cnf挂载到容器的/etc/my.cnf.d/

• -v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的logs目录挂载到容器的/logs

• -v $PWD/data:/data：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的/data

• -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化root用户的密码

• -d mysql：后台运行容器，并返回容器ID，可以是mysql，也可以是mysql镜像ID

查看容器启动情况

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                      NAMES
5645591944b0        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp     mymysql 

---

Docker 安装 Redis

查找Docker Hub上的redis镜像：

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker search redis
INDEX       NAME                                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/redis                                Redis is an open source key-value store th...   4879      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/redis                        Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      70                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/sameersbn/redis                                                                      64                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tenstartups/redis-commander                                                          32                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/hypriot/rpi-redis                    Raspberry Pi compatible redis image             30                   
docker.io   docker.io/joshula/redis-sentinel               A container for Redis Sentinel                  21                   
docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/redis-master               redis-master with "Hello World!"                19                   
docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/guestbook-redis-slave      Guestbook redis slave                           16                   
docker.io   docker.io/webhippie/redis                      Docker images for redis                         8                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/arm32v7/redis                        Redis is an open source key-value store th...   5                    
docker.io   docker.io/rtoma/logspout-redis-logstash        Logspout including Redis adapter for sendi...   5                    
docker.io   docker.io/oliver006/redis_exporter              Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Su...   3                    
docker.io   docker.io/centos/redis-32-centos7              Redis in-memory data structure store, used...   2                    
docker.io   docker.io/dynomitedb/redis                     Redis backend for DynomiteDB.                   2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/rediscommander/redis-commander       Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis m...   2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tomesar/redis-arm                    Redis for ARM!                                  2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/frodenas/redis                       A Docker Image for Redis                        1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/google/guestbook-python-redis        A simple guestbook example written in Pyth...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/kilsoo75/redis-master                This image is for the redis master of SK C...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/tiredofit/redis                      Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 O...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ajmath/fluentd-redis                 Use fluentd logs to send docker logs to re...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/anchorfree/redis                     redis cache server for logging                  0                    
docker.io   docker.io/brendangibat/docker-logspout-redis   Docker Logspout container with Logspout-Re...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/iadvize/redis                                                                        0                    
docker.io   docker.io/sstarcher/fluent-redis-aws           https://github.com/sstarcher/docker-fluent...   0                    [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像：

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker search redis
INDEX       NAME                                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/redis                                Redis is an open source key-value store th...   4879      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/redis                        Bitnami Redis Docker Image                      70                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/sameersbn/redis                                                                      64                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tenstartups/redis-commander                                                          32                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/hypriot/rpi-redis                    Raspberry Pi compatible redis image             30                   
docker.io   docker.io/joshula/redis-sentinel               A container for Redis Sentinel                  21                   
docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/redis-master               redis-master with "Hello World!"                19                   
docker.io   docker.io/kubeguide/guestbook-redis-slave      Guestbook redis slave                           16                   
docker.io   docker.io/webhippie/redis                      Docker images for redis                         8                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/arm32v7/redis                        Redis is an open source key-value store th...   5                    
docker.io   docker.io/rtoma/logspout-redis-logstash        Logspout including Redis adapter for sendi...   5                    
docker.io   docker.io/oliver006/redis_exporter              Prometheus Exporter for Redis Metrics. Su...   3                    
docker.io   docker.io/centos/redis-32-centos7              Redis in-memory data structure store, used...   2                    
docker.io   docker.io/dynomitedb/redis                     Redis backend for DynomiteDB.                   2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/rediscommander/redis-commander       Alpine image for redis-commander - Redis m...   2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tomesar/redis-arm                    Redis for ARM!                                  2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/frodenas/redis                       A Docker Image for Redis                        1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/google/guestbook-python-redis        A simple guestbook example written in Pyth...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/kilsoo75/redis-master                This image is for the redis master of SK C...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/tiredofit/redis                      Redis Server w/ Zabbix monitoring and S6 O...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/ajmath/fluentd-redis                 Use fluentd logs to send docker logs to re...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/anchorfree/redis                     redis cache server for logging                  0                    
docker.io   docker.io/brendangibat/docker-logspout-redis   Docker Logspout container with Logspout-Re...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/iadvize/redis                                                                        0                    
docker.io   docker.io/sstarcher/fluent-redis-aws           https://github.com/sstarcher/docker-fluent...   0                    [OK]
root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/redis ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/redis
b0568b191983: Pull complete 
6637dc5b29fe: Pull complete 
7b4314315f15: Pull complete 
67b22db27e51: Pull complete 
350dbcc91819: Pull complete 
eee5ee716895: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:26c93c5b06eaa323bb1089500f42b0dd158138772348b865e364127f1d554982
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/redis:latest

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为redis,标签为latest(不选择版本默认最新)的镜像。

使用redis镜像

运行容器

root@VM_16_14_centos /# docker run -p 6379:6379 -v $PWD/data:/data  -d redis redis-server --appendonly yes
47884407c8065335b4bf413e28e44e5afe41280e1eb1913ce828cf30bf61bd1b

命令说明：

-p 6379:6379 : 将容器的6379端口映射到主机的6379端口

-v $PWD/data:/data : 将主机中当前目录下的data挂载到容器的/data

redis-server --appendonly yes : 在容器执行redis-server启动命令，并打开redis持久化配置

查看容器启动情况 

root@VM_16_14_centos /# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                      NAMES
5b8bd6476df7        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   32 minutes ago      Up 32 minutes       0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp     mymysql

连接、查看容器

使用redis镜像执行redis-cli命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为118.89.65.22

root@VM_16_14_centos /# docker exec -it 47884407c8065335b4bf413e28e44e5afe41280e1eb1913ce828cf30bf61bd1b redis-cli -h 118.89.65.22
118.89.65.22:6379> set abc 123
OK
118.89.65.22:6379> get abc
"123"
118.89.65.22:6379> quit
root@VM_16_14_centos /#

---

Docker 安装 MongoDB

查找Docker Hub上的mongo镜像：

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker search mongo
INDEX       NAME                                       DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mongo                            MongoDB document databases provide high av...   4257      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mongo-express                    Web-based MongoDB admin interface, written...   226       [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mongodb                    MongoDB Docker image – listens in port 270...   218                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mvertes/alpine-mongo             light MongoDB container                         71                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mongoclient/mongoclient          Official docker image for Mongoclient, fea...   48                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mongodb                  Bitnami MongoDB Docker Image                    30                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/frodenas/mongodb                 A Docker Image for MongoDB                      17                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mongooseim/mongooseim            Small docker image for MongooseIM - robust...   15                   
docker.io   docker.io/mongooseim/mongooseim-docker     MongooseIM server the latest stable version     10                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mongodb-26-centos7        MongoDB NoSQL database server                   5                    
docker.io   docker.io/istepanov/mongodump              Docker image with mongodump running as a c...   5                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mongodb-32-centos7        MongoDB NoSQL database server                   4                    
docker.io   docker.io/eses/mongodb_exporter            mongodb exporter for prometheus                 4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/khezen/mongo                     MongoDB Docker image supporting RocksDB st...   4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cvallance/mongo-k8s-sidecar      Kubernetes side car to setup and maintain ...   3                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/19hz/mongo-container             Mongodb replicaset for coreos                   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/alino/coreos-mongodb-cluster     mongo 3.0                                       1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mongo                   MongoDB document databases provide high av...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/ekesken/mongo                    docker image for mongo that is configurabl...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/extremeprog/mongo-sites-api      mongo-sites-api automated build                 1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mongodb-24-centos7     DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MongoDB v2.4 i...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/gebele/mongodb                   mongodb                                         0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/os33/go-mongo                    go and mongo package for testing                0                    
docker.io   docker.io/quilt/mongo                      MongoDB container for quilt.io                  0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/targetprocess/mongodb_exporter   MongoDB exporter for prometheus                 0                    [OK]

 这里我们拉取官方的镜像：

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker pull mongo
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mongo ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mongo
b0568b191983: Pull complete 
1e8b5b4e67a0: Pull complete 
a87b29dbb553: Pull complete 
908c259a6a99: Pull complete 
2fdec16e62a3: Pull complete 
e233c6c476cb: Pull complete 
671c302f3b40: Pull complete 
207ff3c88601: Pull complete 
3a7998bea9fd: Pull complete 
18d605d67f26: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d969194a7c4dcd817cae5dc726b1493547a3ad3f1b30f7f58857adc9ae6a4483
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mongo:latest

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mongo,标签为latest(不选择版本默认最新)的镜像。

使用mongo镜像

运行容器

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker run -p 27017:27017 -v $PWD/db:/data/db -d mongo
fea379da42de9414cda126d51377a72240a95c7b12703db9072bf484f5182901

命令说明：

-p 27017:27017 :将容器的27017 端口映射到主机的27017 端口。

-v $PWD/db:/data/db :将主机中当前目录下的db挂载到容器的/data/db，作为mongo数据存储目录。

查看容器启动情况

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                      NAMES
fea379da42de        mongo               "docker-entrypoint..."   12 seconds ago      Up 11 seconds       0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp   gracious_wiles

使用mongo镜像执行mongo 命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为：118.89.65.22

root@VM_16_14_centos ~# docker run -it mongo mongo --host 118.89.65.22
MongoDB shell version v3.6.3
connecting to: mongodb://118.89.65.22:27017/
MongoDB server version: 3.6.3
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
    http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
    http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
2018-03-21T09:03:44.305+0000 I STORAGE  [main] In File::open(), ::open for '/home/mongodb/.mongorc.js' failed with No such file or directory
Server has startup warnings: 
2018-03-21T08:55:49.043+0000 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] 
2018-03-21T08:55:49.043+0000 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine
2018-03-21T08:55:49.043+0000 I STORAGE  [initandlisten] **          See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
2018-03-21T08:55:50.761+0000 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
>