JavaMail的介绍
JavaMail,顾名思义,提供给开发者处理电子邮件相关的编程接口。它是Sun发布的用来处理email的API。它可以方便地执行一些常用的邮件传输。
虽然JavaMail是Sun的API之一,但它目前还没有被加在标准的java开发工具包中(Java Development Kit),这就意味着你在使用前必须另外下载JavaMail文件。除此以外,你还需要有Sun的JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)。JavaBeans Activation Framework的运行很复杂,在这里简单的说就是JavaMail的运行必须得依赖于它的支持。在Windows 2000下使用需要指定这些文件的路径,在其它的操作系统上也类似。
1.邮件协议
主要包括:
SMTP协议:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol,即简单邮件传输协议,用于发送电子邮件
POP3协议:Post Office Protocol 3,即邮局协议的第三个版本,用于接收邮件
IMAP协议:Internet Message Access Protocol,即互联网消息访问协议,是POP3的替代协议
2.搭建James邮件服务器
James是Apache的一个开源项目,纯Java实现
搭建James服务器
1)下载apache-james-2.3.2.zip解压
2)运行bin目录下的run.bat即可启动服务器
3) 通过appsjamesSAR-INFconfig.xml配置服务器
一定注意:先到bin下run一道 放如非中文目录 得再控制面板开启Telnet客户端
Telnet localhost 4555
3.安装OutLook[邮件客户端]
产品秘钥:PQDV9-GPDV4-CRM4D-PHDTH-4M2MT
创建用户账号
一、使用telnet连接James的Remote Administration Tool
二、以管理员身份登录
三、使用adduser命令添加用户
4.配置outlook邮件客户端
为了方便查看,可以配置Microsoft Outlook邮件客户端,保证James邮件服务器是启动状态,启动Microsoft Outlook.
选择“工具”->“选项”,打开“选项”面板。选择“邮件设置”并点击“电子邮件账户”,打开“账号设置”面板。在“电子邮件”选项卡下新建邮件账户
5.案例[搭建James邮件服务器]
需求说明:
在本机搭建James邮件服务器,自定义服务器的名称。
创建两个测试用户。
在Microsoft Outlook中配置其中一个测试用户为Outlook邮件账户
6.使用JavaMail发送电子邮件(案例)
需求:
使用JavaMail技术,实现从A账户给B账户发送一封电子邮件,标题为“会议通知”,邮件内容为“XX你好!请于明天下午16:00 准时到B01会议室召开技术讨论会。”通过Outlook 客户端查看邮件程序发送的邮件是否发送成功
关键代码:
创建一个类EmailAuthenticator并继承自Authenticator,并植入用户名和密码
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.mail; import javax.mail.Authenticator; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; public class EmailAuthenticator extends Authenticator { private String username; private String userpass; public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public void setUserpass(String userpass) { this.userpass = userpass; } public EmailAuthenticator() { } public EmailAuthenticator(String username, String userpass) { this.username = username; this.userpass = userpass; } public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){ return new PasswordAuthentication(username,userpass); } }
创建Mail类设置邮件信息:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.mail; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Authenticator; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; public class Mail { private String mailServer,from,to,mailSubject,mailContent; private String username,password; public Mail(){ //设置邮件信息 //进行认证登录的用户名 username="zt@mail.com"; //认证密码 password="zt"; //认证的邮箱对应的邮件服务器 mailServer="192.168.17.173"; //发件人信息 from="zt"; //收件人信息 to="jpp@mail.com"; //邮件标题 mailSubject="呵呵"; //邮件内容 mailContent="呵呵火狐"; } //设置邮件服务器 @SuppressWarnings("static-access") public void send(){ Properties prop=System.getProperties(); //指定邮件server prop.put("mail.smtp.host", mailServer); //是否开启认证 prop.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); //smtp协议的 prop.put("mail.smtp.port", "25"); //产生Session服务 EmailAuthenticator mailauth=new EmailAuthenticator(username, password); Session mailSession=Session.getInstance(prop,(Authenticator)mailauth); try { //封装Message对象 Message message=new MimeMessage(mailSession); message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); //发件人 message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to));//收件人 message.setSubject(mailSubject); //设置内容(设置字符集处理乱码问题) message.setContent(mailContent,"text/html;charset=gbk"); message.setSentDate(new Date()); //创建Transport实例,发送邮件 Transport tran=mailSession.getTransport("smtp"); tran.send(message,message.getAllRecipients()); tran.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
测试类:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.mail; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Mail mail=new Mail(); mail.send(); System.out.println("success!"); } }
发送带附件的Mail
MailWithAttachment:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.bdqn; import java.io.IOException; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; public class MailWithAttachment { private JavaMailSender mailSender; //必须使用 JavaMailSender public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void send() throws MessagingException,IOException{ MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8"); helper.setFrom("zt@mail.com"); helper.setTo("jpp@mail.com"); helper.setSubject("问好"); helper.setText("好久不见,最近好吗?"); //添加附件1 ClassPathResource file1 = new ClassPathResource( "/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/test.doc"); helper.addAttachment(file1.getFilename(), file1.getFile()); //添加附件2:附件的文件名为中文时,需要对文件名进行编码转换,解决乱码问题 ClassPathResource file2 = new ClassPathResource( "/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/附件测试文件.doc"); helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(file2.getFilename()),file2.getFile()); mailSender.send(mimeMessage); } }
测试类:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.bdqn; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MailTest { public static void main(String[] args){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); /*测试带附件的邮件*/ try{ MailWithAttachment mailWithAttach = (MailWithAttachment)context.getBean("mailWithAttachment"); mailWithAttach.send(); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.print(e.toString()); } } }
applicationContext.xml:大配置
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> <property name="host" value="192.168.17.173"></property><!-- 服务器 --> <property name="port" value="25"></property><!-- 端口 --> <property name="username" value="jpp"></property><!-- 用户名 --> <property name="password" value="jpp"></property><!-- 密码 --> <property name="protocol" value="smtp" ></property><!-- 协议 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property><!-- 默认编码 --> <property name="javaMailProperties"> <props> <!-- 设置SMTP服务器需要用户验证 --> <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="mailWithAttachment" class="cn.bdqn.MailWithAttachment"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property> </bean> </beans>
发送带图片的mail
Mail.com
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.bdqn.pojo; import java.io.File; public class Mail { private String from; private String to; private String subject; private String content; private File file; private String fileName; public Mail(){} public Mail(String from, String to, String subject, String content, File file, String fileName){ this.from = from; this.to = to; this.subject = subject; this.content = content; this.file = file; this.fileName = fileName; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this.to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this.subject = subject; } public String getContent() { return content; } public void setContent(String content) { this.content = content; } public File getFile() { return file; } public void setFile(File file) { this.file = file; } public String getFileName() { return fileName; } public void setFileName(String fileName) { this.fileName = fileName; } }
MailService:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.bdqn.service; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; import cn.bdqn.pojo.Mail; public class MailService { private JavaMailSender mailSender; public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendMail(Mail mail){ try{ MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8"); helper.setFrom("jpp@mail.com"); helper.setTo(mail.getTo()); helper.setSubject(mail.getSubject()); helper.setText(mail.getContent()); //(1)要直接使用带后缀的文件名全称, (2)需要处理中文乱码问题 helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(mail.getFileName()),mail.getFile()); mailSender.send(mimeMessage); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
SendMailAction:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
package cn.bdqn.action; import java.io.File; import cn.bdqn.pojo.Mail; import cn.bdqn.service.MailService; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class SendMailAction extends ActionSupport{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private MailService mailService =null; private String from; private String to; private String subject; private String content; private File upload; private String uploadFileName; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { Mail mail = new Mail(getFrom(),getTo(),getSubject(),getContent(),getUpload(),getUploadFileName()); mailService.sendMail(mail); return "success"; } public void setMailService(MailService mailService) { this.mailService = mailService; } public File getUpload() { return upload; } public void setUpload(File upload) { this.upload = upload; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this.to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this.subject = subject; } public String getContent() { return content; } public void setContent(String content) { this.content = content; } public String getUploadFileName() { return uploadFileName; } public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; } }
applicationContext.xml:大配置
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> <property name="host" value="192.168.8.71"></property><!-- 服务器 --> <property name="port" value="25"></property><!-- 端口 --> <property name="username" value="jpp"></property><!-- 用户名 --> <property name="password" value="jpp"></property><!-- 密码 --> <property name="protocol" value="smtp" ></property><!-- 协议 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property><!-- 默认编码 --> <property name="javaMailProperties"> <props> <!-- 设置SMTP服务器需要用户验证 --> <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="mailService" class="cn.bdqn.service.MailService"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property> </bean> </beans>
struts.xml
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="sendmailAction" class="cn.bdqn.action.SendMailAction"> <result name="success">/sendmail_success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
web.xml
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name></display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- struts2的配置文件 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <!-- <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> --> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Spring的配置信息 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- <filter> <filter-name>OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter </filter-class> </filter> --> <!-- <filter-mapping> <filter-name>OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> --> </web-app>
index.jsp
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>邮件发送页</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <H2>邮件发送</H2><br> <s:form action="sendmailAction" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <s:textfield name="from" label="发件人" value="tina@mail.com"/> <s:textfield name="to" label="收件人"/> <s:textfield name="subject" label="主题"/> <s:textarea name="content" label="内容"/> <s:file name="upload" lable="选择附件"/> <s:submit name="submit" value="发送邮件"/> </s:form> </body> </html>
sendmail_success.jsp
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>成功页</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <H2>邮件发送成功!</H2> </body> </html>