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  • 数据结构与算法

    1.1 算法设计步骤

    a.输入输出,由此确定算法的参数和返回值。

    b.使用断言,检查输入参数的合法性,防止非法输入。

    c.考虑边界,全面考虑可能出现的所有情况。

    d.出错处理,goto error方式。

    1.2 字符串

       1:  char* strstr(char* s1,char* s2){
       2:    char *p=s1,*r=s2;
       3:    while(*p!=''){
       4:      while(*p++==*r++);
       5:      if(*r=='')
       6:        return p;
       7:      else{
       8:        r=s2;
       9:        p=s1++;
      10:      }
      11:    }
      12:    return NULL;
      13:  }
       1:  char* strcpy(char *strDst,char *strSrc){
       2:    if(strDst==strSrc)
       3:      return strDst;
       4:    char *pDst=strDst;
       5:    char *pSrc=strSrc;
       6:    while((*pDst++=*pSrc++)!='');
       7:    *pDst='';
       8:    return pDst;
       9:  }
       1:  char* deletechar(char *str,char chr[],int n){
       2:    char tmp[256]={0};
       3:    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
       4:      tmp[chr[i]]=1;
       5:    int iDst=0,iSrc=0;
       6:    while(str[iSrc++]!=''){
       7:      if(!tmp[str[iSrc]])
       8:        str[iDst++]=str[iSrc];
       9:    }
      10:  }
       1:  int wordnum(char *str){
       2:    int num=0;
       3:    char *pchar=str;
       4:    while(*pchar!=''){
       5:      while(*pchar!=' ' && *pchar++!='');
       6:      num++;
       7:      pchar++;
       8:    }
       9:  }
       1:  void reverse(char *str){
       2:    int n=strlen(str);
       3:    char c;
       4:    for(int i=0;i<n/2;i++){
       5:      c=str[i];
       6:      str[i]=str[n-i];
       7:      str[n-i]=c;
       8:    }
       9:  }
       1:  void memcpy(char *strDst,char *strSrc,int size){
       2:    char *pSrc=(char*)strSrc+size-1;
       3:    char *pDst=(char*)strDst+size-1;
       4:    while(size--)
       5:      *pDst--=*pSrc--;
       6:  }
       1:  void sortstring(char *str,int n){
       2:    char *tmp=NULL;
       3:    for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++){
       4:      for(int j=n-1;j>i;j--){
       5:        if(strcmp(str[j],str[j-1])<0){
       6:          tmp=str[j];
       7:          str[j]=str[j-1];
       8:          str[j-1]=tmp;
       9:        }
      10:      }
      11:    }
      12:  }

    1.3 链表

       1:  typedef struct _node{
       2:    int data;
       3:    struct _node *next;
       4:  }node,*list;
       1:  void reverselist(node **head){
       2:    node *p,*q,*r;
       3:    p=*head;
       4:    q=p->next;
       5:    while(!q=NULL){
       6:      r=q->next;
       7:      q->next=p;
       8:      p=q;
       9:      q=r;
      10:    }
      11:    (*head)->next=NULL;
      12:    *head=p;
      13:  }
       1:  void sortlist(node *head){
       2:    node *p,*q,*s;
       3:    int t;
       4:    p=head;
       5:    while(p){
       6:      s=p;
       7:      q=p->next;
       8:      while(q){
       9:        if(q->value < s->value)
      10:          s=q;
      11:        q=q->next;
      12:      }
      13:      if(s!=p){
      14:        t=s->value;
      15:        s->value=p->value;
      16:        p->value=t;
      17:      }
      18:      p=p->next;
      19:    }
      20:  }

    1.4 树

       1:  typedef struct _tree{
       2:    int data;
       3:    struct _tree *left;
       4:    struct _tree *right;
       5:  }tree,*ptree;
       1:  void preorder(tree *t){
       2:    if(t){
       3:      printf("%d",t->data);
       4:      preorder(t->left);
       5:      preorder(t->right);
       6:    }
       7:  }
       1:  void inorder(tree *t){
       2:    if(t){
       3:      inorder(t->left);
       4:      printf("%d",t->data);
       5:      inorder(t->right);
       6:    }
       7:  }
       1:  void postorder(tree *t){
       2:    if(t){
       3:      postorder(t->left);
       4:      postorder(t->right);
       5:      printf("%d',t->data);
       6:    }
       7:  }
       1:  void broadorder(tree *t){
       2:    Queue q;
       3:    tree *pt=NULL;
       4:    Enque(q,t);
       5:    while(!IsQueEmpty(q)){
       6:      pt=Deque(q);
       7:      printf("%d",pt->data);
       8:      if(pt->left!=NULL)
       9:        Enque(q,pt->left);
      10:      if(pt->right!=NULL)
      11:        Enque(q,pt->right);
      12:    }
      13:  }

    二叉排序树:

       1:  void insert(tree *b,tree *s){
       2:    if(b==NULL)
       3:      b=s;
       4:    else if(s->data==b->data)
       5:      break;
       6:    else if(s->data<b->data)
       7:      insert(b->left,s);
       8:    else if(s->data>b->data)
       9:      insert(b->right,s);
      10:  }
       1:  void create(tree *b){
       2:    int x;
       3:    tree *s;
       4:    do{
       5:      scanf("%d",&x);
       6:      s=(node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
       7:      s->data=x;
       8:      s->left=NULL;
       9:      s->right=NULL;
      10:      insert(b,s);
      11:    }while(x!=-1);
      12:  }

    1.5 数

       1:  int gys(int i,int j){
       2:    if(i%j==0)
       3:      return j;
       4:    else
       5:      return gys(j,i%j);
       6:  }
       1:  int atoi(char *s){
       2:    int i,n,sign;
       3:    for(i=0;s[i]==' ';i++);
       4:    sign=(s[i]=='-')?-1:1;
       5:    if(s[i]=='+' || s[i]=='-')
       6:      i++;
       7:    for(n=0;'0'<=s[i]<='9';i++)
       8:      n=10*n+(s[i]-'0');
       9:    return sign*n;
      10:  }

    1.6 数组

       1:  void findminmax(int a[],int n){
       2:    int i,tmp,min,max;
       3:    for(i=0;i<n-2;i+=2){
       4:      if(a[i]<a[i+1]){
       5:        tmp=a[i];
       6:        a[i]=a[i+1];
       7:        a[i+1]=tmp;
       8:      }
       9:    }
      10:    max=a[0];
      11:    min=a[1];
      12:    for(i=0;i<n-2;i+=2){
      13:      if(min>a[i])
      14:        min=a[i];
      15:    }
      16:    for(i=1;i<n-2;i+=2){
      17:      if(max<a[i])
      18:        min=a[i];
      19:    }
      20:    printf("min:%d,max:%d
    ",min,max);
      21:  }
       1:  void findrepeated(int a[],int n){
       2:    int tmp[MAX]={0};
       3:    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
       4:      tmp[a[i]]++;
       5:    for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)
       6:      if(tmp[i]>1)
       7:        printf("%d",i);
       8:  }
    1.7 排序
       1:  void insertsortint a[],int n){
       2:    int i,j,tmp;
       3:    for(i=0;i<n;i++){
       4:      tmp=a[i];
       5:      j=i-1;
       6:      while(tmp<a[j]){
       7:        a[j+1]=a[j];
       8:        j--;
       9:      }
      10:      a[j+1]=tmp;
      11:    }
      12:  }
       1:  void shellsort(int a[],int n){
       2:    int i,j,gap,tmp;
       3:    gap=n/2;
       4:    while(gap>0){
       5:      for(i=gap+1;i<=n;i++){
       6:        j=i-gap;
       7:        while(j>=0){
       8:          if(a[j]>a[j+gap]){
       9:            tmp=a[j];
      10:            a[j]=a[j+gap];
      11:            a[j+gap]=tmp;
      12:          }else
      13:            j=0;
      14:        }
      15:      }
      16:      gap/=2;
      17:    }
      18:  }
       1:  void selectsort(int a[],int n){
       2:    int i,j,k,tmp;
       3:    for(i=0;i<n-1;i++){
       4:      k=i;
       5:      for(j=i+1;j<n;j++){
       6:        if(a[j]<a[k])
       7:          k=j;
       8:      }
       9:      if(k!=i){
      10:        tmp=a[i];
      11:        a[i]=a[k];
      12:        a[k]=tmp;
      13:      }
      14:    }
      15:  }
       1:  void bubblesort(int a[],int n){
       2:    int i,j,tmp;
       3:    for(i=0;i<n-1;i++){
       4:      for(j=n;j>i;j--){
       5:        if(a[j]<a[j-1]){
       6:          tmp=a[j];
       7:          a[j]=a[j-1];
       8:          a[j-1]=tmp;
       9:        }
      10:      }
      11:    }
      12:  }
       1:  void sift(int d[], int ind, int len)
       2:  {
       3:      //#置i为要筛选的节点#%
       4:      int i = ind;
       5:      //#c中保存i节点的左孩子#%
       6:      int c = i * 2 + 1; //#+1的目的就是为了解决节点从0开始而他的左孩子一直为0的问题#%
       7:      while(c < len)//#未筛选到叶子节点#%
       8:      {
       9:          //#如果要筛选的节点既有左孩子又有右孩子并且左孩子值小于右孩子#%
      10:          //#从二者中选出较大的并记录#%
      11:          if(c + 1 < len && d[c] < d[c + 1])
      12:              c++;
      13:          //#如果要筛选的节点中的值大于左右孩子的较大者则退出#%
      14:          if(d[i] > d[c]) break;
      15:          else
      16:          {
      17:              //#交换#%
      18:              int t = d[c];
      19:              d[c] = d[i];
      20:              d[i] = t;
      21:              //#重置要筛选的节点和要筛选的左孩子#%
      22:              i = c;
      23:              c = 2 * i + 1;
      24:          }
      25:      }
      26:      return;
      27:  }
      28:  void heap_sort(int d[], int n)
      29:  {
      30:      //#初始化建堆, i从最后一个非叶子节点开始#%
      31:      for(int i = (n - 2) / 2; i >= 0; i--)
      32:          sift(d, i, n);
      33:      for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
      34:      {
      35:                  //#交换#%
      36:          int t = d[0];
      37:          d[0] = d[n - j - 1];
      38:          d[n - j - 1] = t;
      39:          //#筛选编号为0 #%
      40:          sift(d, 0, n - j - 1);
      41:      }
      42:  }
       1:  //将有二个有序数列a[first...mid]和a[mid...last]合并。
       2:  void mergearray(int a[], int first, int mid, int last, int temp[])
       3:  {
       4:      int i = first, j = mid + 1;
       5:      int m = mid,   n = last;
       6:      int k = 0;
       7:      
       8:      while (i <= m && j <= n)
       9:      {
      10:          if (a[i] <= a[j])
      11:              temp[k++] = a[i++];
      12:          else
      13:              temp[k++] = a[j++];
      14:      }
      15:      
      16:      while (i <= m)
      17:          temp[k++] = a[i++];
      18:      
      19:      while (j <= n)
      20:          temp[k++] = a[j++];
      21:      
      22:      for (i = 0; i < k; i++)
      23:          a[first + i] = temp[i];
      24:  }
      25:  void mergesort(int a[], int first, int last, int temp[])
      26:  {
      27:      if (first < last)
      28:      {
      29:          int mid = (first + last) / 2;
      30:          mergesort(a, first, mid, temp);    //左边有序
      31:          mergesort(a, mid + 1, last, temp); //右边有序
      32:          mergearray(a, first, mid, last, temp); //再将二个有序数列合并
      33:      }
      34:  }
    1.8 查找
       1:  int binsearch(int a[],int n,int k){
       2:    int low,high,mid ,find,i;
       3:    find=0;
       4:    low=1;
       5:    high=n;
       6:    while(low<=high && !find){
       7:      mid=(low+high)/2;
       8:      if(a[mid]<k)
       9:        low=mid+1;
      10:      else if(a[mid]>k)
      11:        high=mid-1;
      12:      else{
      13:        i=mid;
      14:        find=1;
      15:      }
      16:    }
      17:    if(!find)
      18:      i=0;
      19:    retun i;
      20:  }
       1:  tree* search(tree *b,int x){
       2:    if(b==NULL)
       3:      return NULL;
       4:    else if(b->data==x)
       5:      return b;
       6:    else if(x<b->data)
       7:      return search(b->left);
       8:    else
       9:      return search(b->right);
      10:  }
       1:  char getFirstNonRepeated(char *str){
       2:    int hash[256]={0};
       3:    int i;
       4:    char *pstr=str;
       5:    while(*pstr!=''){
       6:      hash[*pstr]++;
       7:      pstr++;
       8:    }
       9:    while(*pstr!=''){
      10:      if(hash[*pstr]==1)
      11:        return *pstr;
      12:      pstr++;
      13:    }
      14:    return NULL;
      15:  }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jizhiyuan/p/3536364.html
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