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  • Oracle 11g ADG 部署(duplicate)快速参考

    本文旨在指导客户完成Oracle 11g的ADG部署工作,主库环境已具备,备库环境已安装完成数据库软件。
    环境:RHEL 6.8 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

    1.确认主库运行在归档模式

    这里设置归档存放路径为/u01/arch:

    mkdir /u01/arch
    chown oracle:oinstall /u01/arch
    SQL> 
    archive log list
    alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/u01/arch';
    shutdown immediate
    startup mount
    alter database archivelog;
    alter database open;
    archive log list
    

    2.确认主库开启Force Logging

    SQL> 
    select FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE;
    alter database force logging;
    select FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE;
    

    3.主库参数文件修改

    set linesize 500
    col value for a70
    col name for a50
    
    select name, value
    from v$parameter
    where name in ('db_name','db_unique_name','log_archive_config', 'log_archive_dest_1','log_archive_dest_2',
                   'log_archive_dest_state_1','log_archive_dest_state_2', 'remote_login_passwordfile',
                   'log_archive_format','log_archive_max_processes','fal_server','db_file_name_convert',
                         'log_file_name_convert', 'standby_file_management');
    
    alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(jingyu,jingyus)';
    alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jingyu';
    alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jingyus VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jingyus';
    alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
    alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;
    alter system set FAL_SERVER='jingyus';
    --数据文件路径主备库设计规范(主要依赖于db_unique_name,这里源端和目标端用于数据存储的磁盘组名字一致,用于归档的磁盘组名字不一致,需要转换):
    alter system set db_file_name_convert='jingyus','jingyu' scope=spfile;
    alter system set log_file_name_convert='jingyus','jingyu' scope=spfile;
    alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO;
    

    4.创建SRLs

    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 1 group 101 ('/u01/oradata/jingyu/srl101.rdo') SIZE 52428800;
    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 1 group 102 ('/u01/oradata/jingyu/srl102.rdo') SIZE 52428800;
    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 1 group 103 ('/u01/oradata/jingyu/srl103.rdo') SIZE 52428800;
    ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE thread 1 group 104 ('/u01/oradata/jingyu/srl104.rdo') SIZE 52428800;
    

    5.备份数据库

    使用传统比如RMAN备份的方式恢复备库,这里需要备份数据库。
    而本次使用duplicate方式,无需备份,关于duplicate,后面章节会具体描述。

    6.创建备库参数

    create pfile='/tmp/pfile_for_standby.txt' from spfile;
    

    7.更新tnsnames.ora文件

    JINGYU =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test04)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED)
          (SERVICE_NAME = jingyu)
        )
      )
    
    JINGYUS =
      (DESCRIPTION =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = test05)(PORT = 1521))
        (CONNECT_DATA =
          (SERVER = DEDICATED)
          (SERVICE_NAME = jingyus)
        )
      )
    

    8.拷贝主库RMAN备份和参数文件到备库

    参数文件拷贝到备库:

    scp /tmp/pfile_for_standby.txt 192.168.1.125:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
    

    RMAN备份本次不需要,使用duplicate方式,后面章节会具体介绍。

    注:使用scp拷贝时,如果两端$ORACLE_HOME变量值不一样,目标端需要修改为具体的绝对路径。

    9.拷贝主库密码文件到备库

    scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjingyu 192.168.1.125:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwjingyu
    

    10.创建备库需要的目录

    # audit_file_dest
    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/jingyus/adump
    # db_recovery_file_dest
    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
    # db_file
    mkdir -p /u01/oradata/jingyus
    mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/jingyus
    

    11.修改备库参数文件

    # vi pfile_for_standby.txt
    :%s#jingyus#TTTTT#g
    :%s#jingyu#jingyus#g
    :%s#TTTTT#jingyu#g
    
    # update:
    *.db_name='jingyu'
    *.db_unique_name='jingyus'
    

    下面这段参数文件配置信息只是示例,实际需要根据主库的参数文件进行修改,要关注内存、进程数以及cursors等相关参数:

    *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/jingyus/adump'
    *.audit_trail='db'
    *.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
    *.control_files='/u01/oradata/jingyus/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/jingyus/control02.ctl'
    *.db_block_size=8192
    *.db_domain=''
    *.db_file_name_convert='jingyu','jingyus'
    *.db_name='jingyu'
    *.db_unique_name='jingyus'
    *.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
    *.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
    *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
    *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jingyusXDB)'
    *.fal_server='jingyu'
    *.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(jingyus,jingyu)'
    *.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jingyus'
    *.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jingyu VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=jingyu'
    *.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
    *.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
    *.log_file_name_convert='jingyu','jingyus'
    *.open_cursors=300
    *.pga_aggregate_target=294649856
    *.processes=150
    *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
    *.service_names='demo'
    *.sga_target=883949568
    *.standby_file_management='AUTO'
    *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
    

    12.拷贝主库tnsnames.ora文件到备库

    scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.125:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
    

    13.备库启动实例到nomount状态

    sqlplus / as sysdba
    startup nomount pfile=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt
    

    14.初始化standby数据库

    本次选用使用duplicate命令创建standby数据库,因为duplicate时间较长,需在后台运行防止过程中断:

    vi dup_dg.sh
    
    rman target sys/oracle@jingyu auxiliary sys/oracle@jingyus <<EOF
    duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover nofilenamecheck;
    EOF
    
    nohup sh dup_dg.sh > dup_dg.log &
    
    tail -200f dup_dg.log
    

    注意:为保证duplicate连接正常,可以先这样测试连接可用:

    sqlplus sys/oracle@jingyu as sysdba
    sqlplus sys/oracle@jingyus as sysdba
    --备库连接报错:
    ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections
    

    因为备库目前是nomount状态,如果需要连接就配置静态监听:
    在备库listener.ora配置文件中增加(注意这里的GLOBAL_DBNAME对应的service_name我这里选择为原始的):

    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
      (SID_LIST =
        (SID_DESC =
          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = jingyus)
          (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
          (SID_NAME = jingyu)
        )
      )
    

    再次查看监听状态,Service "jingyus"部分有UNKNOWN,即静态监听标识,再次尝试连接成功:

    Service "jingyus" has 2 instance(s).
      Instance "jingyu", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
      Instance "jingyu", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
    
    [oracle@test05 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@jingyus as sysdba
    
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Jul 14 11:46:33 2020
    
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    
    
    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
    
    SQL> select status from v$Instance;
    
    STATUS
    ------------------------
    STARTED
    

    正常完成duplicate后,数据库处于mount状态,且可以open只读打开:

    SQL> select status from v$instance;
    
    STATUS
    ------------
    MOUNTED
    
    SQL> alter database open;
    
    Database altered.
    
    SQL> 
    SQL> 
    SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
    
    OPEN_MODE
    --------------------
    READ ONLY
    

    15.确认数据库各类文件路径

    a)确认已创建ORLs和SRLs:
    SQL> SELECT MEMBER FROM V$LOGFILE;
    在对应存储目录中查询没有也会后续自动创建的,确定路径没问题就可以,路径如果有问题,很可能是之前的convert参数设置有问题,设置convert参数,重启生效。
    
    b)确认数据文件路径
    select name from v$datafile;
    select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
    如果这个查询结果都是0,需要catalog start with 正确的路径,然后switch database to copy进行更正。
    

    我这里检查都没有问题。

    16.创建spfile然后使用spfile启动数据库

    create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/pfile_for_standby.txt';
    

    17.启动MRP,验证DG同步成功

    --RECOVER:
    recover managed standby database disconnect;
    
    --CANCEL:
    recover managed standby database cancel;
    
    --RTA(最终要求这种方式):
    recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
    
    --DG LAG:
    set lines 1000
    col value for a15
    select * from v$dataguard_stats;
    查询结果显示,在DATUM_TIME列是接近当前时间的情况下,transport lag和apply lag两列的值均为0或是接近0,一般认定是同步正常。
    还可以查询备库的SCN,观察是否随着时间不断增长,以此来辅助判断DG实时同步:
    select current_scn from v$database;
    

    如果同步有问题,主库查询对应dest_id的error信息:

    select error from v$archive_dest where dest_id = 2;
    

    18.部署定时任务进行历史归档清理

    因为备库没有备份任务,为防止后续备库端归档满,需要部署定时任务进行历史归档清理,下面给出一个示例:
    mkdir /home/oracle/scripts
    cd /home/oracle/scripts
    vi del_arch.sh
    
    rman target / <<EOF >> /home/oracle/scripts/del_arch.log
    delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate - 1/24';
    EOF
    
    crontab -e
    0 * * * * /bin/sh /home/oracle/scripts/del_arch.sh
    

    至此,Oracle 11g ADG 部署(duplicate)整个过程已完成。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jyzhao/p/13298581.html
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