案例：Standby RAC遭遇ORA-1157,1111,1110导致实例crash处理
环境：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle RAC 11.2.0.4 + Dataguard
今天在实验环境的Pirmary RAC主库上做了一个增加表空间的操作，结果Standby RAC启动同步后直接crash，具体报错如下：
Fri Aug 11 19:14:20 2017
Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT /* db agent *//* {1:53752:2} */
ALTER DATABASE OPEN /* db agent *//* {1:53752:2} */
AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter is changed to OS, as DB is NOT compatible for database opened with read-only access
This instance was first to open
Fri Aug 11 19:14:23 2017
Using STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Beginning Standby Crash Recovery.
Serial Media Recovery started
Fri Aug 11 19:14:24 2017
Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
Fri Aug 11 19:14:25 2017
Warning: VKTM detected a time drift.
Time drifts can result in an unexpected behavior such as time-outs. Please check trace file for more details.
Fri Aug 11 19:14:26 2017
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
Fri Aug 11 19:14:26 2017
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
RFS[1]: Assigned to RFS process 4031
RFS[1]: Selected log 11 for thread 1 sequence 171 dbid -1785877518 branch 919999037
Standby Crash Recovery aborted due to error 1111.
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao1/trace/jyzhao1_ora_3923.trc:
ORA-01111: name for data file 10 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/UNNAMED00010'
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 10 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01111: name for data file 10 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/UNNAMED00010'
Fri Aug 11 19:14:27 2017
RFS[2]: Assigned to RFS process 4029
RFS[2]: Selected log 13 for thread 1 sequence 170 dbid -1785877518 branch 919999037
Fri Aug 11 19:14:28 2017
RFS[3]: Assigned to RFS process 4043
RFS[3]: Selected log 22 for thread 2 sequence 134 dbid -1785877518 branch 919999037
RFS[4]: Assigned to RFS process 4041
RFS[4]: Selected log 23 for thread 2 sequence 135 dbid -1785877518 branch 919999037
Completed Standby Crash Recovery.
Fri Aug 11 19:14:31 2017
Abort recovery for domain 0
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mynas/jyzhao1/trace/jyzhao1_ora_3923.trc:
ORA-10458: standby database requires recovery
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 10 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01111: name for data file 10 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/UNNAMED00010'
ORA-10458 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN /* db agent *//* {1:53752:2} */...
Fri Aug 11 19:14:33 2017
Shutting down instance (abort)
License high water mark = 9
USER (ospid: 4089): terminating the instance
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 4089
Fri Aug 11 19:14:34 2017
Instance shutdown complete
根据报错查到MOS相关文档：
How to resolve ORA-01111 ORA-01110 ORA-01157 in a physical standby database (文档 ID 1416554.1)
这里应该就可以猜测出原因基本就是由于主库建立一个文件，备库同步日志，没有创建正确。
MOS 解决方案核心内容：
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL SID='*';
Rename the unknown datafile 97.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/dbs/UNNAMED00097' to '</absolute path/real datafile name>';
Create a empty datafile which same structure as the datafile 97 and it would need all archivelogs from time of creation for recovery
Alter database create datafile '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/dbs/UNNAMED00097' as '+DATA_ACS4/' size <Actual size of datafile on Primary>
Please note while giving the above command on ASM you also need to specify the action size of the datafile from the primary (Query v$datafiles for Bytes column)
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO SID='*';
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
看起来和STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT有关系，进一步查看show parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT
On Primary：
SYS@jyzhao1 > show parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management string MANUAL
SYS@jyzhao1 >
On Standby：
SQL> show parameter STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management string MANUAL
SQL>
发现果然都是MANUAL。
先处理当前问题，按照MOS的几种方法，选择适合我这里环境的方案：
创建和问题文件相同结构的空文件，然后备库开启应用所有归档文件即可完成恢复。
创建与错误数据文件结构相同的空文件，具体大小从主库查询，不加大小可能遭遇其他问题，详见上面MOS文档:
Alter database create datafile '/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/UNNAMED00010' as '+DATA/' size 104857600;
创建后，可以发现v$datafile已经正确：
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/mynas/datafile/system.258.951608183
+DATA/mynas/datafile/sysaux.257.951608183
+DATA/mynas/datafile/undotbs1.259.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/users.265.951608205
+DATA/mynas/datafile/undotbs2.261.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.262.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_i_jingyu.263.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/test.264.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/test2.260.951608185
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/UNNAMED00010
10 rows selected.
SQL> Alter database create datafile '/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/UNNAMED00010' as '+DATA/' size 104857600;
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/mynas/datafile/system.258.951608183
+DATA/mynas/datafile/sysaux.257.951608183
+DATA/mynas/datafile/undotbs1.259.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/users.265.951608205
+DATA/mynas/datafile/undotbs2.261.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_d_jingyu.262.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_i_jingyu.263.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/test.264.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/test2.260.951608185
+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_d_hank.273.951774293
10 rows selected.
然后修改STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO,正常开启数据库，开启实时应用：
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO SID='*';
SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
再测试增加数据文件，删除数据文件，都可以正常同步：
SYS@jyzhao1 >create tablespace dbs_only_test;
SYS@jyzhao1 >drop tablespace dbs_only_test including contents and datafiles;
备库都会自动的正常添加删除，日志都会记录如下：
Fri Aug 11 21:49:11 2017
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 175 (in transit)
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 11 Seq 175 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0: +FRA/mynas/standbylog/standby_group_11.log
Fri Aug 11 21:51:15 2017
Successfully added datafile 11 to media recovery
Datafile #11: '+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_only_test.275.951774665'
Fri Aug 11 21:53:20 2017
Recovery deleting file #11:'+DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_only_test.275.951774665' from controlfile.
Deleted Oracle managed file +DATA/mynas/datafile/dbs_only_test.275.951774665
Recovery dropped tablespace 'DBS_ONLY_TEST'
总结：DG环境，一定要注意参数STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO，否则可能遇到类似情况。