1. variable
2. control flow
3. commands
3.1 how to set your own prompt
echo $PS1 -- the default format of your command line prompt
echo $PS2 -- the format of the second-tier command line prompt
update:
PS1="[\t]\$" it will show like this:[21:51:22]$
(this only apply to the current session)
3.2 using the bash manual
man grep
3.3 Make sure the linux uses a virtural directory.(This is not the method used by windows)
it uses a single directory called "root"
You will notice that linux uses a forward slash(/) instead of a backward slash(\) to denote directories in filepaths.
The backward slash denote a escape character.
3.4 traverse directories
cd command
----------common linux directories name
/bin the binary directory, where many usr-level utilities are stored
/etc the system confiruration file directory
/home the home directory, where linux creates user directories
/opt often used to store optional software packages
/sbin the binary directory, where many admin-level utilities are stored
/usr the user-installed software directory
/var the variable directory, for files that change frequently, such as log file.
3.5 the filter of ls command
ls -l *XXX* can choose the file/directory including XXX
3.6 create file
touch
3.7 copy files
cp test1 destination
(if the destination file exists, the cp command will prompt you to answer whethre or not you want to overwrite it.)
3.8 rename file
in linux world, renaming file means moving, use mv command:
mv test.txt test1.txt
ls -l test*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 Administrator None 9 2010-05-29 01:02 test1.txt
(Notice that moving the file changes the file name but keep the same inode number and timestamp value.)
3.9 delete files
in linux world, delete files means removing, use rm command:
rm -i test.txt
(Notice that the command prompts you make sure you are serious to delete the file.)
3.10 create/delete directories
mkdir/rmdir command
3.11 view file statistic
stat test.txt
File: `test.txt'
Size: 13 Blocks: 1 IO Block: 65536 regular file
Device: 601c6e4dh/1612475981d Inode: 562949953465703 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 500/Administrator) Gid: ( 513/ None)
Access: 2010-05-29 22:48:27.468750000 +0800
Modify: 2010-05-29 22:52:11.015625000 +0800
Change: 2010-05-29 22:52:11.015625000 +0800
3.12 view whole file
cat/more/less/
3.13 view part of the file
tail/head