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基于Django框架 CRM的增删改查

思路: 创建表------从数据库读出数据展示出来------配置路由-----写视图函数------写对应页面

练习点:

数据库建表

ORM 数据库数据读取数据

ModelForm (form组件是基础)

模板渲染在页面上循环取出form里字段的数据

拾遗:

在html中可以使用 forloop.counter 在页面显示编号的序列, 而不是直接显示数据库里对应的 id 号

<td>{{ field.id }}</td>#}

<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>



在 Employee 的 model中 一个 gender 字段
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,"男"),(2,"女")))
在 html 中
<td>{{ field.get_gender_display }}</td>
<!-- 拿到元组choices 第二个值  "男"  页面不显示 1 -->

<tbody>
    {% for field in employee_queryset %}
        <tr><!--不会显示出来后端数据库的id字段 -->
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ field.employee_name }}</td>


            <td>{{ field.get_gender_display }}</td>
            <!--拿到元组第二个值  "男"  页面不显示1-->

            <td>{{ field.department.name }}</td>
            <td><a href="/edit_employee/{{ field.pk }}">编辑</a></td>
            <td><a href="/delete_employee/{{ field.pk }}">删除</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>

1. 创建表

部门表

员工表 (和部门表多对一的关系)

员工角色表 (和部门表多对多的关系)

from django.db import models

class Employee(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    employee_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    gender = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,"男"),(2,"女")))
    department = models.ForeignKey(to="Department",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    duty = models.ManyToManyField(to="Duty")


class Department(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)
    employee_num = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Duty(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

2. 部门表的操作

2.1 从数据库取出数据显示部门列表

from app01.models import Department,Employee
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
from django import forms 

#   --------------部门   读取数据  显示到页面------------------------------------
def index(request):
    dep_queryset=Department.objects.all()
    print(dep_queryset)
    return render(request,"index.html",{"dep_queryset":dep_queryset})


------------- 显示到 html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
INDEX
<hr>
<a href="/add/">添加部门</a>
<table>
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>部门名称</th>
        <th>部门人数</th>
        <th>操作</th>

    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for field in dep_queryset %}
        <tr>
{#            <td>{{ field.id }}</td>#}
            <!--不把数据库的id显示出来 -->
            <td>{{ forloop.counter}}</td>

            <td>{{ field.name }}</td>
            <td>{{ field.employee_num }}</td>
            <td><a href="/edit/{{ field.pk }}">编辑</a></td>
            <td><a href="/delete/{{ field.pk }}">删除</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

View Code

2.2 添加 (使用 ModelForm 实现)

2.2.1. 创建部门的 ModelForm 类

class DepartmentModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=Department
        #加参数
        fields="__all__"  #表示所有字段

        # 全局设置, 没有加label的字段就还是按字段名
        labels={
            "id":"部门编号",
            "name":"部门名称",
            "employee_num":"部门人数",
        }

        #初始化把样式调出来
        def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # 父类里面的__init__
            # 调节id  name  employee_num 样式
            print(self.fields,type(self.fields))
            for field in self.fields.values():
                field.error_messages = {"required": "不能为空"}  # 批量处理

View Code

2.2.2. 添加数据

先走get请求获取页面在走一边post请求添加

def add(request):
    if request.method == "GET" :
        form = DepartmentModelForm()
        return render(request,"add.html",{"form":form})

    else:
        form = DepartmentModelForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  #取出数据  绑定关系
            ret=index(request)
            return ret
            # return redirect(request,"index.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "add.html", {"form": form})

View Code

2.2.3. 渲染的html页面 (添加部门)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    添加部门
</h3>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>

    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>



</body>
</html>

View Code

2.3 编辑 (ModelForm)

编辑和添加的步奏基本是一样唯一不同的一点就是编辑需要传入一个参数这个参数代表的是被删除的数据的id

def edit(request,id):
    edit_num = Department.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
    if request.method == "GET" :
        form = DepartmentModelForm(instance=edit_num) # 直接把被编辑的对象之前的值显示出来
        # 不含instance 显示出来的input标签内是空的 就是一个添加页面
        return render(request,"edit.html",{"form":form})

    else:
        edit_num = Department.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
        form = DepartmentModelForm(request.POST,instance=edit_num)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  #取出数据  绑定关系
            ret=index(request)
            return ret
            # return redirect(request,"index.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "edit.html", {"form": form})

View Code

渲染的html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h3>
    编辑
</h3>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>

View Code

2.4 删除

删除就是要找到需要被删除数据对应的id号即可

def delete(request,id):
    Department.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
    ret = index(request)
    return ret
    # return redirect(request,"index.html")

View Code

3. 员工表的操作

3.1 从数据库取出数据页面显示员工列表

def employee_index(request):
    employee_queryset = Employee.objects.all()
    return render(request, "employee.html", {"employee_queryset": employee_queryset})

View Code

html 页面的显示

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
员工表
<hr>
<a href="/add_employee/">添加员工信息</a>
<table>
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>部门</th>

    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for field in employee_queryset %}
        <tr>
{#            <td>{{ field.id }}</td>#}
            <!--不会显示出来后端数据库的id字段 -->
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ field.employee_name }}</td>

            <td>{{ field.get_gender_display }}</td>
            <!--拿到元组第二个值  "男"  页面不显示1-->

            <td>{{ field.department.name }}</td>

            <td><a href="/edit_employee/{{ field.pk }}">编辑</a></td>
            <td><a href="/delete_employee/{{ field.pk }}">删除</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

View Code

3.2 添加 (ModelForm)

3.2.1 创建一个员工 EmployeeModelForm 的类

class EmployeeModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Employee
        # 加参数
        fields = "__all__"  # 表示所有字段

        labels={
            "id": "员工编号",
            "employee_name": "员工姓名",
            "gender": "性别",
            "department": "所在部门",
            "duty": "职责",
        }

    # 初始化把样式调出来
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # 父类里面的__init__
        # 调节id  name  gender department duty 样式
        print(self.fields, type(self.fields))
        for field in self.fields.values():
            field.error_messages = {"required": "不能为空"}  # 批量处理

View Code

3.2.2 添加数据

def employee_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = EmployeeModelForm()
        return render(request,"add_employee.html",{"form":form})
    else:
        form = EmployeeModelForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            ret= employee_index(request)
            return ret
        else:
            return render(request,"add_employee.html",{"form":form})

View Code

3.2.3 渲染的html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    添加员工
</h3>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>

    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>

View Code

3.3 编辑 (ModelForm)

编辑和添加的步奏基本是一样唯一不同的一点就是编辑需要传入一个参数这个参数代表的是被删除的数据的id

def employee_edit(request,id):
    edit_num = Employee.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
    if request.method == "GET" :
        form = EmployeeModelForm(instance=edit_num) # 直接把被编辑的对象之前的值显示出来
        # 不含instance 显示出来的input标签内是空的 就是一个添加页面

        return render(request,"edit_employee.html",{"form":form})

    else:
        edit_num = Employee.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
        form = EmployeeModelForm(request.POST,instance=edit_num)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  #取出数据  绑定关系
            ret=employee_index(request)
            return ret
            # return redirect(request,"index.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "edit_employee.html", {"form": form})

View Code

渲染的html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    添加员工
</h3>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>

    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>

View Code

3.4 删除

删除就是要找到需要被删除数据对应的id号即可

def employee_delete(request,id):
    Employee.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
    ret = employee_index(request)
    return ret

View Code

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/kenD/p/9951380.html