Linux Tomcat 6.0安装配置实践总结

系统环境： Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga)  64位

Tomcat下载

从官方网站 http://tomcat.apache.org/下载你需要的Tomcat版本，目前Tomcat主要版本有Tomcat 6.0、Tomcat 7.0、Tomcat 8.0三个版本，下面我们以6.0(6.0.39)版本为例， 下载URL地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-60.cgi ，如果你需要下载Tomcat 6.0下的其它版本，点击链接地址“Archives“ http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/ 即可查看到你需要的版本。

 

Tomcat安装

 

Step 1：安装配置JDK

    关于JDK的安装配置细节可以参考我以前的博客lRedhat Linux安装JDK 1.7，JDK最好选择合适的版本，这里我为了方便省事，就安装了JDK1.7.

[root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm

[root@DB-Server tmp]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   1:jdk ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
        rt.jar...
        jsse.jar...
        charsets.jar...
        tools.jar...
        localedata.jar...
[root@DB-Server tmp]# cd /usr/java/

配置环境变量，在etc/profile文件下添加

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
export CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# vi /etc/profile
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# source /etc/profile   --生效修改配置信息

[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# echo $CLASSPATH
/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_25"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_25-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.25-b01, mixed mode)
[root@DB-Server jdk1.7.0_25]#

Step 2：安装Tomcat

[root@DB-Server tmp]#tar zxvf apach-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz

[root@DB-Server tmp]#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat

[root@DB-Server tmp]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.39 /usr/local/ tomcat


[root@DB-Server tomcat]# vi /etc/profile

export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat


[root@DB-Server tomcat]# source /etc/profile
[root@DB-Server tomcat]# echo $TOMCAT_HOME
/usr/local/tomcat


[root@DB-Server bin]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin
[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

如果需要指定Tomcat在某个账号下运行或管理，则可以通过下面脚本：例如，我要创建一个tomcat的账号

[root@DB-Server ~]# groupadd tomcat

[root@DB-Server ~]# useradd -g tomcat -d /home/tomcat -u 502 tomcat

Creating mailbox file: File exists

[root@DB-Server tomcat]# chown -Rf    tomcat.tomcat   /usr/local/tomcat/

[root@DB-Server tomcat]#passwd tomcat

Changing password for user tomcat.

New UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

在浏览器里面输入http://localhost:8080/  （默认端口为8080,可以修改该端口号） 验证Tomcat是否安装成功，如果安装成功，则会看到Tomcat的index.jsp并证明Tomcat启动成功了

Tomcat配置

关于Tomcat的目录结构，可以参考下面简单的描述，

[root@DB-Server apache-tomcat-6.0.39]# ls

bin       lib                logs           RELEASE-NOTES      temp     work

conf     LICENSE     NOTICE     RUNNING.txt               webapps

    主目录下面有bin、lib等目录

    bin            存放Tomcat启动、停止服务程序以及一些其他脚本程序

    lib             存放Tomcat运行需要的jar包

    log            存放Tomcat运行的相关日志文件

    conf          存放Tomcat配置文件。例如server.xml 、 web.xml等

    temp         存放Tomcat运行的临时文件。

    webapps   Web应用的发布目录，默认情况下把Web应用文件放于此目录。

    work          Tomcat的工作目录，默认情况下把编译JSP文件生成的servlet类文件放于此目录下

1：启动Tomcat服务

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

2：关闭Tomcat服务

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]#

3：查看Tomcat版本

       有时候，如果当你接手去管理Tomcat,  可能你要了解一下Tomcat的版本信息，以及配置，那么怎么查看呢，去Tomcat的主目录下的bin目录下，执行version.sh,你就能查看到很多详细信息。

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./version.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.39

Server built: Jan 27 2014 10:40:33

Server number: 6.0.39.0

OS Name: Linux

OS Version: 2.6.18-274.el5

Architecture: amd64

JVM Version: 1.7.0_25-b15

JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation

4：设置管理密码

    如果你要进入Tomcat的管理页面：http://localhost:8080/manager/html ，这时会弹出下面认证界面，需要你输入用户名和密码，如果你没有配置过或者你忘了用户名、密码，那么应该找那个配置文件呢？其实你都可以通过配置文件tomcat-users.xml 来解决

[root@DB-Server conf]# more tomcat-users.xml

xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

>

omcat-users>

--

NOTE: By default, no user is included in the "manager-gui" role required

to operate the "/manager/html" web application. If you wish to use this app,

you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary.

>

--

NOTE: The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment

and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove

<!.. ..> that surrounds them.

>

--

<role rolename="tomcat"/>

<role rolename="role1"/>

<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat"/>

<user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1"/>

<user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1"/>

>

tomcat-users>

修改配置文件前，要养成首先备份一份配置文件的习惯，以防需要回滚到最初设置时，忘了自己修改过哪些配置。一般建议源文件+日期+bak

[root@DB-Server conf]# cp tomcat-users.xml tomcat-users.xml.20130308.bak

[root@DB-Server conf]# vi tomcat-users.xml

<role rolename="admin" />

<role rolename="manager" />

<user username="admin" password="Qwe!23" roles="admin,manager" />

修改了配置信息后，一般需要重新启动一下Tomcat才能生效，否则依然进入不了管理界面

Tomcat 7 下与Tomcat 6 稍有不同，如下所示：

<role rolename="admin-gui"/>

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>

<user username="admin" password="xxxx" roles="admin-gui , manager-gui "/>

5：修改Tomcat的默认端口

    有时候由于特性情况，需要修改Tomcat的默认端口8080，例如端口号被其它应用程序占用了等，这时你需要修改server.xml，在里面

找到如下图所示地方，修改为port的值。注意：修改后需要重启Tomcat服务。

  6：修改Tomcat使用的JDK

    首先我们先安装JDK1.6，如下所示

[root@DB-Server tmp]# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin
Unpacking...
Checksumming...
Extracting...
UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs@lists.wku.edu).
  inflating: jdk-6u31-linux-amd64.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
  inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   1:jdk ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
        rt.jar...
        jsse.jar...
        charsets.jar...
        tools.jar...
        localedata.jar...
        plugin.jar...
        javaws.jar...
        deploy.jar...
Installing JavaDB
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
   1:sun-javadb-common ########################################### [ 17%]
   2:sun-javadb-core ########################################### [ 33%]
   3:sun-javadb-client ########################################### [ 50%]
   4:sun-javadb-demo ########################################### [ 67%]
   5:sun-javadb-docs ########################################### [ 83%]
   6:sun-javadb-javadoc ########################################### [100%]
Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed.
Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits:
* Notification of new versions, patches, and updates
* Special offers on Oracle products, services and training
* Access to early releases and documentation
Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration
supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will
be presented. If you do not register, none of this information
will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by
opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation
directory) in a browser.
For more information on what data Registration collects and
how it is managed and used, see:
http://java.sun.com/javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html
Press Enter to continue.....

Done.

修改catalina.sh，增加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31即可。如下所示，似乎不用重启，Tomcat使用的JDK就改为了jdk1.6

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./shutdown.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]# ./startup.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp

Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31

Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar

[root@DB-Server bin]#

另外，似乎网上也有文章介绍，在文件setclasspath.sh下加入export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31 设置即可，那种比较合理，目前不得而知。

  7：Tomcat端口被占用分析

    有时候明明Tomcat配置OK，Tomcat服务启动正常，但是打开页面的时候出错。这时可能是Tomat端口被占用了，你可以查看一下那些程序占用了Tomcat的端口

[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -an | grep 8080

[root@DB-Server bin]# netstat -apn | grep 8080

一般你也会在catalina.out日志里面找到”SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080“之类的错误。

[root@DB-Server logs]$ more catalina.out
Mar 4, 2014 4:22:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the ja
va.library.path: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/../lib/amd
64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint
java.net.BindException: Permission denied<null>:8080
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint.init(JIoEndpoint.java:502)
        at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol.init(Http11Protocol.java:176)
        at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.initialize(Connector.java:1058)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.initialize(StandardService.java:677)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.initialize(StandardServer.java:795)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:530)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load(Catalina.java:550)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.load(Bootstrap.java:260)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:412)
Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
SEVERE: Catalina.start

这时要么修改Tomcat的默认端口号，要么修改其它应用程序的端口号。

 

Tomcat卸载

Tomcat的卸载非常简单，只需要将Tomcat的CATALINA_BASE目录删除，然后删除一些环境变量即可。

[root@DB-Server ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/