前奏：先插上一块磁盘（做了RAID的磁盘才能分区）
查看磁盘连上服务器没有，或者说是可以进行分区前奏
[root@PandaLi ~]# ll /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sdb sdc
第一步：创建分区命令
（这里说一下为什么要使用 -c 和 -u参数）
[root@PandaLi ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel 【下面三行是第一次进行分区它会自动提示的，我们不需要管】
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7711a1b3.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to 【警告:dos兼容模式被弃用】
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to 【强烈建议在分区的时候使用-c 和 -u 参数】
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
创建分区标准命令：fdisk -cu /dev/sdb [对/dev/sdb进行分区]
[root@PandaLi ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa8d09c04.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help):
fdisk命令参数介绍
m、获取帮助
p、打印分区表。
n、新建一个新分区。
d、删除一个分区。
q、退出不保存。
w、把分区写进分区表，保存并退出。
Command (m for help): n ####创建一个分区 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p ####创建一个主分区 Partition number (1-4): 1 ####设置主分区编号 First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): ####主分区开始位置（默认是扇区） Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +200M ####主分区结束位置 （可以使用K M G 单位） Command (m for help): p ####查看当前分区信息 Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa8d09c04 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): Value out of range. Partition number (1-4): 2 First sector (411648-2097151, default 411648): Using default value 411648 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-2097151, default 2097151): +300M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa8d09c04 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 411648 1026047 307200 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) e ####创建一个扩展分区 Partition number (1-4): 3 First sector (1026048-2097151, default 1026048): Using default value 1026048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-2097151, default 2097151): Using default value 2097151 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa8d09c04 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 411648 1026047 307200 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1026048 2097151 535552 5 Extended Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4) l ####创建一个逻辑分区（必须先要有扩展分区才能有逻辑分区） First sector (1028096-2097151, default 1028096): Using default value 1028096 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1028096-2097151, default 2097151): +100M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa8d09c04 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 411648 1026047 307200 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 1026048 2097151 535552 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1028096 1232895 102400 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t ####修改分区的ID
Partition number (1-5): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): l ####查看全部编号（小写L）
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 ####把ID修改为82
Changed system type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8d09c04
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 1026047 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 1026048 2097151 535552 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1028096 1232895 102400 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): d ####删除一个分区
Partition number (1-5): 5
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders, total 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa8d09c04
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 1026047 307200 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 1026048 2097151 535552 5 Extended
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): w ####保存退出（q 是不保存退出）
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@PandaLi ~]#
第二步：查看内核是否已经识别分区命令
cat /proc/partitions
第三步：通知内核重新读取磁盘分区表
方法一：
partprobe /dev/sdb 【推荐】
方法二：
partx [-a,-n] /dev/DEVICE
参数：
-a:读取全部分区表
-n:读取指定的分区表
方法三：
kpartx [-a,-f] /dev/DEVICE
参数：
-a:读取全部分区表
-f:强制读取分区表 【注意：这种方法不建议使用，如果上面的读取方法不行的话，最后才使用这种方法】
第四步：格式化创建文件系统
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
注意：
格式化文件系统的时候必须要指定格式化哪个分区
格式化文件系统之后，系统会默认挂载25次或180天之后进行磁盘检查
第五步：让系统不对我们新创建的分区进行磁盘检查
tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 /dev/sdb1
注意：这里也是必须要指定哪个分区
第六步：文件系统的临时挂载
临时挂载：mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ 【这里也是必须要指定哪个分区】
第七步：文件系统永久挂载
方法一：设置开机自动运行
把挂载命令放入到/etc/rc.local
方法二：添加到开机自动挂载配置文件
/etc/fstab 【设备文件 挂载点 设备文件类型 挂载参数 是否进行备份 是否进行磁盘检查】
如果想以UUID挂载的话，可以使用命令查看分区的UUID编号：命令（blkid）
第八步：查看挂载情况
mount
cat /proc/mounts
备注：更多信息请查看本地资料：磁盘章节内容