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  • Android学习笔记_10_ContentProvider内容提供者的使用

    一、使用ContentProvider共享数据

      当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。以前我们学习过文件的操作模式,通过指定文件的操作模式为Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE 或Context.MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE同样可以对外共享数据,但数据的访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用xml文件对外共享数据,需要进行xml解析来读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。

      当应用需要通过ContentProvider对外共享数据时,第一步需要继承ContentProvider并重写下面方法:

    package com.example.service;
    
    import android.content.ContentProvider;
    import android.content.ContentUris;
    import android.content.ContentValues;
    import android.content.UriMatcher;
    import android.database.Cursor;
    import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
    import android.net.Uri;
    
    public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider {
        private DBOpenHelper helper;
        // 不匹配返回-1
        private static final UriMatcher MATCHER = new UriMatcher(
                UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
    
        private static final int PERSONS = 1;// 表示多个
        private static final int PERSON = 2; // 表示一条记录
        static {
            MATCHER.addURI("com.example.providers.personprovider", "person",
                    PERSONS);
            MATCHER.addURI("com.example.providers.personprovider", "person/#",
                    PERSON);
        }
    
        // 删除
        @Override
        public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
            int num = 0;
            switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
            case 1:
                num = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case 2:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = "id=" + id;
                if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection.trim())) {
                    where += " and " + selection;
                }
                num = db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");
            }
            return num;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getType(Uri uri) {
            switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
            case 1:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
            case 2:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
            switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
            case 1:
                long rowid = db.insert("person", "name", values);
                // content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/1
                // Uri insertUri =
                // Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/"+rowid);
                // 在原来的uri后面加上一个rowid
                Uri insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);
                return insertUri;
    
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onCreate() {
            helper = new DBOpenHelper(this.getContext());
            return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
                String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
            switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
            case 1:
                return db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                        null, null, sortOrder);
            case 2:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = "id=" + id;
                if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection.trim())) {
                    where += " and " + selection;
                }
                return db.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null,
                        null, sortOrder);
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
                String[] selectionArgs) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
            int num = 0;
            switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {
            case 1:
                num = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;
            case 2:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = "id=" + id;
                if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection.trim())) {
                    where += " and " + selection;
                }
                num = db.update("person", values, where, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri参数不正确");
            }
            return num;
        }
    
    }

      第二步需要在AndroidManifest.xml使用<provider>对该ContentProvider进行配置,为了能让其他应用找到该ContentProvider , ContentProvider 采用了authorities(主机名/域名)对它进行唯一标识,你可以把 ContentProvider看作是一个网站(想想,网站也是提供数据者),authorities 就是他的域名:

    <manifest>
        <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
            <!-- 
               配置内容提供者:
                 name:PersonProvider表示内容提供者类名,包名+类。
                 authorities: 内容提供者的唯一标识
             -->
            <provider android:name="com.example.service.PersonProvider" 
                android:authorities="com.example.providers.personprovider" >          
            </provider>   
       </application> </manifest>

    二、在另一个应用进行测试上面的代码:

      需要用到ContentResolver和ContentValues两个类,前者封装了内容提供者的增删改查,后者实体类数据。

    package com.example.test;
    
    import android.content.ContentResolver;
    import android.content.ContentValues;
    import android.database.Cursor;
    import android.net.Uri;
    import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
    import android.util.Log;
    
    public class ContentProviderTest extends AndroidTestCase{
        
        public void testInsert(){
            Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person");
            ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
            values.put("name", "content");
            values.put("age", "500");
            resolver.insert(uri, values);
        }
        public void testUpdate(){
            Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/150");
            ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
            values.put("name", "provider");
            values.put("age", "50");
            resolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
        }
        public void testDelete(){
            Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/150");
            ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
            resolver.delete(uri,  null, null);
        }
        public void testQuery(){
            Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person");
            ContentResolver resolver = this.getContext().getContentResolver();
            Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
            while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
                int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));
                Log.i("ContentProviderTest", " "+name+"  : "+age);
            }
        }
    }

    三、Uri介绍

      Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1》需要操作的ContentProvider ,2》对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:

    content://com.example.providers.personprovider/person/10,其中“com.example.providers.personprovider”指主机名或authority,“person/10”表示路径。

    ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定, scheme为:content://
    
    主机名(或叫Authority)用于唯一标识这个ContentProvider,外部调用者可以根据这个标识来找到它。
    
    路径(path)可以用来表示我们要操作的数据,路径的构建应根据业务而定,如下:
    
    要操作person表中id为10的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/person/10
    
    要操作person表中id为10的记录的name字段, person/10/name
    
    要操作person表中的所有记录,可以构建这样的路径:/person
    
    要操作xxx表中的记录,可以构建这样的路径:/xxx
    
    当然要操作的数据不一定来自数据库,也可以是文件、xml或网络等其他存储方式,如下:
    
    要操作xml文件中person节点下的name节点,可以构建这样的路径:/person/name
    
    如果要把一个字符串转换成Uri,可以使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下:
    
    Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://cn.itcast.provider.personprovider/person")

     四、监听内容提供者的数据变化:

      1、对提供内容提供者的应用加入改变通知:

    package cn.itcast.db;
    
    import cn.itcast.service.DBOpenHelper;
    import android.content.ContentProvider;
    import android.content.ContentUris;
    import android.content.ContentValues;
    import android.content.UriMatcher;
    import android.database.Cursor;
    import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
    import android.net.Uri;
    
    public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
        private static UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        private static final int PERSONS = 1;
        private static final int PERSON = 2;
        private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;
        static{
            matcher.addURI("cn.itcast.providers.personprovider", "person", PERSONS);
            matcher.addURI("cn.itcast.providers.personprovider", "person/#", PERSON);
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onCreate() {
            dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(this.getContext());
            return true;
        }
        
        @Override
        public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            int num = 0 ;//已经删除的记录数量
            switch (matcher.match(uri)) {
            case PERSONS:
                num = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);
                break;            
            case PERSON:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = "personid="+ id;
                if(selection!=null && !"".equals(selection)){ // personid=12 and name=?
                    where = where + " and "+ selection;
                }
                num = db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);
            }
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
            return num;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String getType(Uri uri) {//返回当前操作的数据类型
            switch (matcher.match(uri)) {
            case PERSONS://操作的是集合类型数据
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
            case PERSON:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            long id = 0 ;
            switch (matcher.match(uri)) {
            case PERSONS:
                id = db.insert("person", "personid", values);//得到记录的id
                getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
                return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);//返回代表新增记录的Uri
            case PERSON:
                id = db.insert("person", "personid", values);//得到记录的id
                String strUri = uri.toString();
                Uri personUri = Uri.parse(strUri.substring(0, strUri.lastIndexOf("/")));
                getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(personUri, null);
                return ContentUris.withAppendedId(personUri, id);
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
            switch (matcher.match(uri)) {
            case PERSONS:
                return db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                
            case PERSON:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = "personid="+ id;
                if(selection!=null && !"".equals(selection)){ // personid=12 and name=?
                    where = where + " and "+ selection;
                }
                return db.query("person", projection, where, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
            SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            int num = 0 ;//已经修改的记录数量
            switch (matcher.match(uri)) {
            case PERSONS:
                num = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);
                break;            
            case PERSON:
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = "personid="+ id;
                if(selection!=null && !"".equals(selection)){ 
                    where = where + " and "+ selection;
                }
                num = db.update("person", values, where, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkown Uri:"+ uri);
            }
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);//通知数据发生变化
            return num;
        }
    
    }
    View Code

      2、注册要通知改变的uri,启动B应用:

      3、执行添加方法:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lbangel/p/3440451.html
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