201771010109 焦旭超《面向对象程序设计Java》第十周实验总结

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 理解泛型概念；

(2) 掌握泛型类的定义与使用；

(3) 掌握泛型方法的声明与使用；

(4) 掌握泛型接口的定义与实现；

(5)了解泛型程序设计，理解其用途。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1： 导入第8章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1：

l 编辑、调试、运行教材311、312页 代码，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 在泛型类定义及使用代码处添加注释；

l 掌握泛型类的定义及使用。 

package pair1;

/**
 * @version 1.01 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PairTest1
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      String[] words = { "Mary", "had", "a", "little", "lamb" };//初始化String对象数组
      Pair<String> mm = ArrayAlg.minmax(words);//通过类名调用minmax方法
      System.out.println("min = " + mm.getFirst());
      System.out.println("max = " + mm.getSecond());//把打包的两个数据提取出来
   }
}

class ArrayAlg
{
   /**
    * Gets the minimum and maximum of an array of strings.
    * @param a an array of strings
    * @return a pair with the min and max value, or null if a is null or empty
    */
   public static Pair<String> minmax(String[] a)//实例化的一个Pair类对象
   {
      if (a == null || a.length == 0) return null;
      String min = a[0];
      String max = a[0];
      for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
      {
         if (min.compareTo(a[i]) > 0) min = a[i];//字符串对象比较，通过ASCII码比较
         if (max.compareTo(a[i]) < 0) max = a[i];
      }
      return new Pair<>(min, max);//泛型类作为返回值
   }
}

package pair1;

/**
 * @version 1.00 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Pair<T> 
{
   private T first;
   private T second;

   public Pair() { first = null; second = null; }
   public Pair(T first, T second) { this.first = first;  this.second = second; }

   public T getFirst() { return first; }
   public T getSecond() { return second; }

   public void setFirst(T newValue) { first = newValue; }
   public void setSecond(T newValue) { second = newValue; }
}

测试程序2：

l 编辑、调试运行教材315页 PairTest2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 在泛型程序设计代码处添加相关注释；

l 掌握泛型方法、泛型变量限定的定义及用途。

package pair2;

import java.time.*;

/**
 * @version 1.02 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PairTest2
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
       //初始化LocalDate对象数组
      LocalDate[] birthdays = 
         { 
            LocalDate.of(1906, 12, 9), // G. Hopper
            LocalDate.of(1815, 12, 10), // A. Lovelace
            LocalDate.of(1903, 12, 3), // J. von Neumann
            LocalDate.of(1910, 6, 22), // K. Zuse
         };
      Pair<LocalDate> mm = ArrayAlg.minmax(birthdays);//通过类名调用minmax方法
      System.out.println("min = " + mm.getFirst());
      System.out.println("max = " + mm.getSecond());
   }
}

class ArrayAlg
{
   /**
      Gets the minimum and maximum of an array of objects of type T.
      @param a an array of objects of type T
      @return a pair with the min and max value, or null if a is 
      null or empty
   */
   public static <T extends Comparable> Pair<T> minmax(T[] a)//加了上界约束的泛型方法
   {
      if (a == null || a.length == 0) return null;
      T min = a[0];
      T max = a[0];
      for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
      {
         if (min.compareTo(a[i]) > 0) min = a[i];
         if (max.compareTo(a[i]) < 0) max = a[i];
      }
      return new Pair<>(min, max);
   }
}

package pair2;

/**
 * @version 1.00 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Pair<T> 
{
   private T first;
   private T second;

   public Pair() { first = null; second = null; }
   public Pair(T first, T second) { this.first = first;  this.second = second; }

   public T getFirst() { return first; }
   public T getSecond() { return second; }

   public void setFirst(T newValue) { first = newValue; }
   public void setSecond(T newValue) { second = newValue; }
}

测试程序3：

l 用调试运行教材335页 PairTest3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

了解通配符类型的定义及用途。

package pair3;

/**
 * @version 1.01 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PairTest3
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Manager ceo = new Manager("Gus Greedy", 800000, 2003, 12, 15);//创建了一个Manager类对象
      Manager cfo = new Manager("Sid Sneaky", 600000, 2003, 12, 15);
      Pair<Manager> buddies = new Pair<>(ceo, cfo);
      printBuddies(buddies);

      ceo.setBonus(1000000);
      cfo.setBonus(500000);
      Manager[] managers = { ceo, cfo };

      Pair<Employee> result = new Pair<>();
      minmaxBonus(managers, result);
      System.out.println("first: " + result.getFirst().getName() 
         + ", second: " + result.getSecond().getName());
      maxminBonus(managers, result);
      System.out.println("first: " + result.getFirst().getName() 
         + ", second: " + result.getSecond().getName());
   }

   public static void printBuddies(Pair<? extends Employee> p)
   {
      Employee first = p.getFirst();
      Employee second = p.getSecond();
      System.out.println(first.getName() + " and " + second.getName() + " are buddies.");
   }

   public static void minmaxBonus(Manager[] a, Pair<? super Manager> result)
   {
      if (a.length == 0) return;
      Manager min = a[0];
      Manager max = a[0];
      for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++)
      {
         if (min.getBonus() > a[i].getBonus()) min = a[i];
         if (max.getBonus() < a[i].getBonus()) max = a[i];
      }
      result.setFirst(min);
      result.setSecond(max);
   }

   public static void maxminBonus(Manager[] a, Pair<? super Manager> result)
   {
      minmaxBonus(a, result);
      PairAlg.swapHelper(result); //swapHelper捕获通配符类型
   }
   // 不能写公共静态 <T super manager> ...
}

class PairAlg
{
   public static boolean hasNulls(Pair<?> p)//?表示：类型变量通配符
   {
      return p.getFirst() == null || p.getSecond() == null;
   }

   public static void swap(Pair<?> p) { swapHelper(p); }

   public static <T> void swapHelper(Pair<T> p)
   {
      T t = p.getFirst();
      p.setFirst(p.getSecond());
      p.setSecond(t);
   }
}

package pair3;

public class Manager extends Employee
{  
   private double bonus;

   /**
      @param name the employee's name
      @param salary the salary
      @param year the hire year
      @param month the hire month
      @param day the hire day
   */
   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {  
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);
      bonus = 0;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   { 
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }

   public void setBonus(double b)
   {  
      bonus = b;
   }

   public double getBonus()
   {  
      return bonus;
   }
}

package pair3;

import java.time.*;

public class Employee
{  
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {  
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {  
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {  
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }
}

package pair3;

/**
 * @version 1.00 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Pair<T> 
{
   private T first;
   private T second;

   public Pair() { first = null; second = null; }
   public Pair(T first, T second) { this.first = first;  this.second = second; }

   public T getFirst() { return first; }
   public T getSecond() { return second; }

   public void setFirst(T newValue) { first = newValue; }
   public void setSecond(T newValue) { second = newValue; }
}

实验2：编程练习：

编程练习1：实验九编程题总结

实验九编程练习1总结（从程序总体结构说明、模块说明，目前程序设计存在的困难与问题三个方面阐述）。

程序总体结构说明：定义了一个主类check和一个接口

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Check{
    private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("C:Users不染Desktop身份证号.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                
                Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
                
                linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    
                String name = linescanner.next();
                String number = linescanner.next();
                String sex = linescanner.next();
                String age = linescanner.next();
                String province =linescanner.nextLine();
                Student student = new Student();
                student.setName(name);
                student.setnumber(number);
                student.setsex(sex);
                int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                student.setage(a);
                student.setprovince(province);
                studentlist.add(student);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        boolean isTrue = true;
        while (isTrue) {
            System.out.println("选择你的操作，输入正确格式的选项");
            System.out.println("1.按姓名字典序输出人员信息");
            System.out.println("2.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
            System.out.println("3.查找老乡");
            System.out.println("4.查找年龄相近的人");
            System.out.println("5.退出");
            String m = scanner.next();
            switch (m) {
            case "1":
                Collections.sort(studentlist);              
                System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
                break;
            case "2":
                 int max=0,min=100;
                 int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;
                 for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++)
                 {
                     j=studentlist.get(i).getage();
                 if(j>max)
                 {
                     max=j; 
                     k1=i;
                 }
                 if(j<min)
                 {
                   min=j; 
                   k2=i;
                 }
                 
                 }  
                 System.out.println("年龄最大："+studentlist.get(k1));
                 System.out.println("年龄最小："+studentlist.get(k2));
                break;
            case "3":
                 System.out.println("输入省份");
                 String find = scanner.next();        
                 String place=find.substring(0,3);
                 for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) 
                 {
                     if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) 
                         System.out.println("老乡"+studentlist.get(i));
                 }             
                 break;
                 
            case "4":
                System.out.println("年龄：");
                int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                int near=agenear(yourage);
                int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage();
                System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));
                break;
            case "5":
                isTrue = false;
                System.out.println("退出程序!");
                break;
                default:
                System.out.println("输入有误");

            }
        }
    }
        public static int agenear(int age) {      
        int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0;
         for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)
         {
             value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age;
             if(value<0) value=-value; 
             if (value<min) 
             {
                min=value;
                k=i;
             } 
          }    
         return k;         
      }

}

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

    private String name;
    private String number ;
    private String sex ;
    private int age;
    private String province;
   
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getnumber() {
        return number;
    }
    public void setnumber(String number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
    public String getsex() {
        return sex ;
    }
    public void setsex(String sex ) {
        this.sex =sex ;
    }
    public int getage() {

        return age;
        }
        public void setage(int age) {
            // int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
        this.age= age;
        }

    public String getprovince() {
        return province;
    }
    public void setprovince(String province) {
        this.province=province ;
    }

    public int compareTo(Student o) {
       return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
    }

    public String toString() {
        return  name+"	"+sex+"	"+age+"	"+number+"	"+province+"
";
    }    
}

程序设计存在的困难与问题：最大的问题是，拿到一个问题，不知道从哪下手，缺乏大量的练习。就上一个练习来说，只会用单一的抛出异常来处理。

l 实验九编程练习2总结（从程序总体结构说明、模块说明，目前程序设计存在的困难与问题三个方面阐述）。

程序总体结构说明：主类Caculator和Caculator1类。

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Caculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        Caculator1 computing=new Caculator1();
        PrintWriter output = null;
        try {
            output = new PrintWriter("Caculator.txt");
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        int sum = 0;

        for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);
        switch(s)
        {
           case 1:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");
               while(b==0){  
                   b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 
                   }
               double c = in.nextDouble();
               output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);
               if (c == (double)computing.division(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("T");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("F");
               }
            
               break;
            
           case 2:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"=");
               int c1 = in.nextInt();
               output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1);
               if (c1 == computing.multiplication(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("T");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("F");
               }
               break;
           case 3:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");
               int c2 = in.nextInt();
               output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);
               if (c2 == computing.addition(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("T");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("F");
               }
               
               break ;
           case 4:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");
               int c3 = in.nextInt();
               output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);
               if (c3 == computing.subtraction(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("T");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("F");
               }
               break ;

               } 
    
          }
        System.out.println("scores："+sum);
        output.println("scores："+sum);
        output.close();
         
    }
}
class Caculator1
{
       private int a;
       private int b;
        public int  addition(int a,int b)
        {
            return a+b;
        }
        public int  subtraction(int a,int b)
        {
            if((a-b)<0)
                return 0;
            else
            return a-b;
        }
        public int   multiplication(int a,int b)
        {
            return a*b;
        }
        public int   division(int a,int b)
        {
            if(b!=0)
            return a/b;    
            else
        return 0;
        }

        
}

问题：数据类型应用还不到位，代码不够精炼。

编程练习2：采用泛型程序设计技术改进实验九编程练习2，使之可处理实数四则运算，其他要求不变。

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Suanshu1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        Suanshu ss = new Suanshu();
        PrintWriter out = null;
        try {
            out = new PrintWriter("test.txt");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("文件夹输出失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int m;
            Random rand = new Random();
            m = (int) rand.nextInt(4) + 1;
            System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型：" + m);

            switch (m) {
            case 1:
                a = b + (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                while(b == 0){
                    b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                }
                while(a % b != 0){
                    a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                    
                }
                System.out.println(i + " " + a + "/" + b + "=");

                int c0 = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + c0);
                if (c0 == ss.chufa(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("right!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("error!");
                }

                break;

            case 2:
                System.out.println(i + " " + a + "*" + b + "=");
                int c = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "*" + b + "=" + c);
                if (c == ss.chengfa(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("回答正确!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("回答错误!");
                }
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println(i + " " + a + "+" + b + "=");
                int c1 = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + c1);
                if (c1 == ss.jiafa(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("回答正确!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("回答错误!");
                }
                break;
            case 4:
                while (a < b) {
                    b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                }
                               
                System.out.println(i + " " + a + "-" + b + "=");
                int c2 = in.nextInt();
                out.println(a + "-" + b + "=" + c2);
                if (c2 == ss.jianfa(a, b)) {
                    sum += 10;
                    System.out.println("回答正确!");
                } else {
                    System.out.println("回答错误!");
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("最后得分" + sum);
        out.println("最后得分" + sum);
        out.close();
    }
}

public class Suanshu<T> {
    private T a;
    private T b;

    public Suanshu() {
        a = null;
        b = null;
    }
    public Suanshu(T a, T b) {
        this.a = a;
        this.b = b;
    }
          
    public int jiafa(int a,int b) {
        return a + b;
    }

    public int jianfa(int a, int b) {
        return a - b;
    }

    public int chengfa(int a, int b) {
        return a * b;
    }

    public int chufa(int a, int b) {
        if (b != 0 && a%b==0)
            return a / b;
        else
            return 0;
    }
}

 三、实验总结

 　　这周的实验有对上周实验的反思，我发现了很多不足。首先接手问题之后的思路不清晰，其次代码编写不够，所以代码很冗杂。这周泛型设计的学习，了解到泛型类具备可重用性、类型安全和效率等性质，是程序性能得到提升。课下我还需继续努力。