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快速开始使用Graph-tool

gt文件格式

gt文件格式是一种简单的二进制格式，用来存储graph-tool的图实例，以一个紧凑和快速的方式，包括了库支持所有类型的属性映射。
它是graphml格式（基于文本）的另一种选择，graphml用来处理非常大的图时，其 I / O 可能变得非常耗费时间和空间。
这里我们详细描述了gt的编码方式，使用graph_tool.collection模块中的lesmis网络作为例子。

其以utf-8编码的字符串⛾gt开头，共计6个字节；紧随其后的是版本号(目前是0x01)，占一个字节；和一个布尔值(一个字节)来确定字节顺序(0x00:低位，0 x01:高位):

00000000  e2 9b be 20 67 74 01 00                           |... gt..|
00000008

注释字符串

紧随其后的是一个注释字符串。
字符串以(8字节,uint64_t)的长度存储，对应的字节序列，不以null结尾。
注释可能是空的,但graph-tool输出一个人可读的文件,可以被类似于hexdump的工具检测:

00000000  e2 9b be 20 67 74 01 00  dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |... gt..........|
.
00000010  67 72 61 70 68 2d 74 6f  6f 6c 20 62 69 6e 61 72  |graph-tool binar|
00000020  79 20 66 69 6c 65 20 28  68 74 74 70 3a 3a 2f 2f  |y file (http:://|
00000030  67 72 61 70 68 2d 74 6f  6f 6c 2e 73 6b 65 77 65  |graph-tool.skewe|
00000040  64 2e 64 65 29 20 67 65  6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 20  |d.de) generated |
00000050  62 79 20 76 65 72 73 69  6f 6e 20 32 2e 32 2e 33  |by version 2.2.3|
00000060  32 64 65 76 20 28 63 6f  6d 6d 69 74 20 64 34 66  |2dev (commit d4f|
00000070  31 66 31 62 66 2c 20 4d  6f 6e 20 41 75 67 20 31  |1f1bf, Mon Aug 1|
00000080  31 20 31 36 3a 32 36 3a  35 34 20 32 30 31 34 20  |1 16:26:54 2014 |
00000090  2b 30 32 30 30 29 20 73  74 61 74 73 3a 20 37 37  |+0200) stats: 77|
000000a0  20 76 65 72 74 69 63 65  73 2c 20 32 35 34 20 65  | vertices, 254 e|
000000b0  64 67 65 73 2c 20 75 6e  64 69 72 65 63 74 65 64  |dges, undirected|
000000c0  2c 20 32 20 67 72 61 70  68 20 70 72 6f 70 73 2c  |, 2 graph props,|
000000d0  20 32 20 76 65 72 74 65  78 20 70 72 6f 70 73 2c  | 2 vertex props,|
000000e0  20 31 20 65 64 67 65 20  70 72 6f 70 73           | 1 edge props|
000000ed

邻接表

邻接表如下，以一个布尔字节指定图是否有向(0x00：无向，0x01：有向)；和8个字节(uint64_t)包含的节点数量，N。紧随其后的是N个节点序列的out-neighbours的列表。
序列本身决定了隐式的索引节点，范围从0到n - 1。
给定节点out-neighbours列表是由长度(8字节,uint64_t)和一系列长度节点索引组成。
列表中字节数d的数值被用于编码节点索引，其是由N的值决定的，是集合{1,2,4,8}({uint8_t、uint16_t uint32_t,uint64_t }的最小值)，其足以容纳所有N个节点。
对于无向图，这是很重要的，每条边只出现一次,也就是说，如果节点u在列表中是v的邻接点，然后v不应该再出现在列表u中，否则会被认为是一个不同的边(平行)。
In this way, the total number of bytes used for the adjacency is 1 + 8 + N * 8 + E * d with E being the number of edges:
通过这种方式,用于邻接的字节总数是1 + 8 + N * 8 + E * d，E是边的数量:

00000000  e2 9b be 20 67 74 01 00  dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |... gt..........|
.
00000010  67 72 61 70 68 2d 74 6f  6f 6c 20 62 69 6e 61 72  |graph-tool binar|
00000020  79 20 66 69 6c 65 20 28  68 74 74 70 3a 3a 2f 2f  |y file (http:://|
00000030  67 72 61 70 68 2d 74 6f  6f 6c 2e 73 6b 65 77 65  |graph-tool.skewe|
00000040  64 2e 64 65 29 20 67 65  6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 20  |d.de) generated |
00000050  62 79 20 76 65 72 73 69  6f 6e 20 32 2e 32 2e 33  |by version 2.2.3|
00000060  32 64 65 76 20 28 63 6f  6d 6d 69 74 20 64 34 66  |2dev (commit d4f|
00000070  31 66 31 62 66 2c 20 4d  6f 6e 20 41 75 67 20 31  |1f1bf, Mon Aug 1|
00000080  31 20 31 36 3a 32 36 3a  35 34 20 32 30 31 34 20  |1 16:26:54 2014 |
00000090  2b 30 32 30 30 29 20 73  74 61 74 73 3a 20 37 37  |+0200) stats: 77|
000000a0  20 76 65 72 74 69 63 65  73 2c 20 32 35 34 20 65  | vertices, 254 e|
000000b0  64 67 65 73 2c 20 75 6e  64 69 72 65 63 74 65 64  |dges, undirected|
000000c0  2c 20 32 20 67 72 61 70  68 20 70 72 6f 70 73 2c  |, 2 graph props,|
000000d0  20 32 20 76 65 72 74 65  78 20 70 72 6f 70 73 2c  | 2 vertex props,|
000000e0  20 31 20 65 64 67 65 20  70 72 6f 70 73 00 4d 00  | 1 edge props.M.|
.
000000f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  |................|
00000100  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000110  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 02 01 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000120  00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00000130  00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  |................|
00000140  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000150  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000160  0a 03 02 00 01 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 0b 01 00 00  |................|
00000170  00 00 00 00 00 0b 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 01  |................|
00000180  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000190  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001a0  00 10 11 03 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 10 11 12 04 00  |................|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 10 11  12 13 05 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  00 00 10 11 12 13 14 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10  |................|
000001d0  11 12 13 14 15 09 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 10 11 12  |................|
000001e0  13 14 15 16 0c 0b 02 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 17 0b  |................|
000001f0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 17 0b 04 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000200  00 00 00 18 0b 10 19 05  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b  |................|
00000210  17 19 18 1a 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 0b 1b 03 00  |................|
00000220  00 00 00 00 00 00 17 1b  0b 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000230  00 17 04 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 1e 0b 17 1b 01 00  |................|
00000240  00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 02  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b  |................|
00000250  1b 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 0b 1d 03 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000260  00 00 00 0b 22 1d 04 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 22 23  |...."........."#|
00000270  0b 1d 05 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 22 23 24 0b 1d 06  |.........."#$...|
00000280  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 22  23 24 25 0b 1d 01 00 00  |......."#$%.....|
00000290  00 00 00 00 00 19 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 19 02  |................|
000002a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18  19 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002b0  00 29 19 18 03 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 0b 1a 1b 02  |.)..............|
000002c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c  0b 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002d0  00 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002e0  00 00 2e 04 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 2f 19 1b 0b 02  |.........../....|
000002f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1a  0b 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000300  00 31 18 03 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 31 1a 0b 02 00  |.1.........1....|
00000310  00 00 00 00 00 00 33 27  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......3'........|
00000320  33 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 33 31 1a 0a 00 00 00  |3........31.....|
00000330  00 00 00 00 33 31 27 36  1a 0b 10 19 29 30 02 00  |....31'6....)0..|
00000340  00 00 00 00 00 00 31 37  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......17........|
00000350  37 29 30 05 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 37 30 1b 39 0b  |7)0........70.9.|
00000360  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  3a 37 30 39 03 00 00 00  |........:709....|
00000370  00 00 00 00 30 3a 3b 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30  |....0:;........0|
00000380  3a 3c 3b 39 37 08 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 37 3a 3b  |:<;97........7:;|
00000390  30 39 29 3d 3c 08 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 3b 30 3e  |09)=<........;0>|
000003a0  39 3a 3d 3c 37 0a 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 37 3e 30  |9:=<7........7>0|
000003b0  3f 3a 3d 3c 3b 39 0b 0a  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3f  |?:=<;9.........?|
000003c0  40 30 3e 3a 3d 3c 3b 39  37 09 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@0>:=<;97.......|
000003d0  00 40 3a 3b 3e 41 30 3f  3d 3c 01 00 00 00 00 00  |.@:;>A0?=<......|
000003e0  00 00 39 06 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 19 0b 18 1b 30  |..9............0|
000003f0  29 07 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 19 44 0b 18 1b 30 29  |).........D...0)|
00000400  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  19 45 44 0b 18 1b 29 3a  |.........ED...):|
00000410  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1b 45 44 46 0b 30 29 19  |.........EDF.0).|
00000420  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1a 1b 0b 01 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000430  00 00 00 30 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 30 49 07 00  |...0........0I..|
00000440  00 00 00 00 00 00 45 44  19 30 29 46 47 07 00 00  |......ED.0)FG...|
00000450  00 00 00 00 00 40 41 42  3f 3e 30 3a              |.....@AB?>0:|
0000045c

属性映射表

邻接，紧随其后的是一个属性映射的列表。
列表以一个总数的属性映射(8字节,uint64_t)开始，然后是独立的记录。
每个属性映射始于一个关键类型(1字节,uint8_t)来指定它是否是一个图(0x00),一个顶点(0x01)或一条边(0x02)的属性映射，紧随其后的是一个字符串(8字节长度+长度字节)包含属性映射的名称。
接着是一个字节(uint8_t)来指定值类型的索引，如下表:

Type name	Bytes	Index
bool	1	0x00
int16_t	2	0x01
int32_t	4	0x02
int64_t	8	0x03
double	8	0x04
long double	16	0x05
string	8 + length	0x06
vector bool>	8 + length	0x07
vector int16_t>	8 + 2 * length	0x08
vector int32_t>	8 + 4 * length	0x09
vector int64_t>	8 + 8 * length	0x0a
vector double>	8 + 8 * length	0x0b
vector long double>	8 + 16 * length	0x0c
vector string>	8 +	0x0d
python::object	8 + length	0x0e

属性映射值的次序与顶点索引(顶点属性)的次序排列一致；或者与前面的邻接表(边属性)中边出现的顺序一致。
属性映射中，只有一个值，其如下：
字符串和向量以8个字节(uint64_t)的长度的前缀来编码，其次是一个序列，其大小与元素大小相匹配。
vector的元素以一对(8字节长度，字节)编码。
python::object类型的值以字符串进行编码,通过pickle来编码或解码字符串的内容。

00000000  e2 9b be 20 67 74 01 00  dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |... gt..........|
00000010  67 72 61 70 68 2d 74 6f  6f 6c 20 62 69 6e 61 72  |graph-tool binar|
00000020  79 20 66 69 6c 65 20 28  68 74 74 70 3a 3a 2f 2f  |y file (http:://|
00000030  67 72 61 70 68 2d 74 6f  6f 6c 2e 73 6b 65 77 65  |graph-tool.skewe|
00000040  64 2e 64 65 29 20 67 65  6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 20  |d.de) generated |
00000050  62 79 20 76 65 72 73 69  6f 6e 20 32 2e 32 2e 33  |by version 2.2.3|
00000060  32 64 65 76 20 28 63 6f  6d 6d 69 74 20 64 34 66  |2dev (commit d4f|
00000070  31 66 31 62 66 2c 20 4d  6f 6e 20 41 75 67 20 31  |1f1bf, Mon Aug 1|
00000080  31 20 31 36 3a 32 36 3a  35 34 20 32 30 31 34 20  |1 16:26:54 2014 |
00000090  2b 30 32 30 30 29 20 73  74 61 74 73 3a 20 37 37  |+0200) stats: 77|
000000a0  20 76 65 72 74 69 63 65  73 2c 20 32 35 34 20 65  | vertices, 254 e|
000000b0  64 67 65 73 2c 20 75 6e  64 69 72 65 63 74 65 64  |dges, undirected|
000000c0  2c 20 32 20 67 72 61 70  68 20 70 72 6f 70 73 2c  |, 2 graph props,|
000000d0  20 32 20 76 65 72 74 65  78 20 70 72 6f 70 73 2c  | 2 vertex props,|
000000e0  20 31 20 65 64 67 65 20  70 72 6f 70 73 00 4d 00  | 1 edge props.M.|
000000f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  |................|
00000100  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000110  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 02 01 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000120  00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00000130  00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00  |................|
00000140  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000150  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000160  0a 03 02 00 01 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 0b 01 00 00  |................|
00000170  00 00 00 00 00 0b 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 01  |................|
00000180  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000190  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001a0  00 10 11 03 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 10 11 12 04 00  |................|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 10 11  12 13 05 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  00 00 10 11 12 13 14 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10  |................|
000001d0  11 12 13 14 15 09 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 10 11 12  |................|
000001e0  13 14 15 16 0c 0b 02 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 17 0b  |................|
000001f0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 17 0b 04 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000200  00 00 00 18 0b 10 19 05  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b  |................|
00000210  17 19 18 1a 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 0b 1b 03 00  |................|
00000220  00 00 00 00 00 00 17 1b  0b 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000230  00 17 04 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 1e 0b 17 1b 01 00  |................|
00000240  00 00 00 00 00 00 0b 02  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0b  |................|
00000250  1b 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 0b 1d 03 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000260  00 00 00 0b 22 1d 04 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 22 23  |...."........."#|
00000270  0b 1d 05 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 22 23 24 0b 1d 06  |.........."#$...|
00000280  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 22  23 24 25 0b 1d 01 00 00  |......."#$%.....|
00000290  00 00 00 00 00 19 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 19 02  |................|
000002a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18  19 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002b0  00 29 19 18 03 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 0b 1a 1b 02  |.)..............|
000002c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c  0b 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002d0  00 1c 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000002e0  00 00 2e 04 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 2f 19 1b 0b 02  |.........../....|
000002f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1a  0b 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000300  00 31 18 03 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 31 1a 0b 02 00  |.1.........1....|
00000310  00 00 00 00 00 00 33 27  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......3'........|
00000320  33 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 33 31 1a 0a 00 00 00  |3........31.....|
00000330  00 00 00 00 33 31 27 36  1a 0b 10 19 29 30 02 00  |....31'6....)0..|
00000340  00 00 00 00 00 00 31 37  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......17........|
00000350  37 29 30 05 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 37 30 1b 39 0b  |7)0........70.9.|
00000360  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  3a 37 30 39 03 00 00 00  |........:709....|
00000370  00 00 00 00 30 3a 3b 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30  |....0:;........0|
00000380  3a 3c 3b 39 37 08 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 37 3a 3b  |:<;97........7:;|
00000390  30 39 29 3d 3c 08 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 3b 30 3e  |09)=<........;0>|
000003a0  39 3a 3d 3c 37 0a 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 37 3e 30  |9:=<7........7>0|
000003b0  3f 3a 3d 3c 3b 39 0b 0a  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3f  |?:=<;9.........?|
000003c0  40 30 3e 3a 3d 3c 3b 39  37 09 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@0>:=<;97.......|
000003d0  00 40 3a 3b 3e 41 30 3f  3d 3c 01 00 00 00 00 00  |.@:;>A0?=<......|
000003e0  00 00 39 06 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 19 0b 18 1b 30  |..9............0|
000003f0  29 07 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 19 44 0b 18 1b 30 29  |).........D...0)|
00000400  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  19 45 44 0b 18 1b 29 3a  |.........ED...):|
00000410  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1b 45 44 46 0b 30 29 19  |.........EDF.0).|
00000420  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1a 1b 0b 01 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000430  00 00 00 30 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 30 49 07 00  |...0........0I..|
00000440  00 00 00 00 00 00 45 44  19 30 29 46 47 07 00 00  |......ED.0)FG...|
00000450  00 00 00 00 00 40 41 42  3f 3e 30 3a 05 00 00 00  |.....@AB?>0:....|
00000460  00 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 64 65 73  |.............des|
00000470  63 72 69 70 74 69 6f 6e  06 24 01 00 00 00 00 00  |cription.$......|
00000480  00 4c 65 73 20 4d 69 73  65 72 61 62 6c 65 73 3a  |.Les Miserables:|
00000490  20 63 6f 61 70 70 65 61  72 61 6e 63 65 20 6e 65  | coappearance ne|
000004a0  74 77 6f 72 6b 20 6f 66  20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74  |twork of charact|
000004b0  65 72 73 20 69 6e 20 74  68 65 20 6e 6f 76 65 6c  |ers in the novel|
000004c0  20 4c 65 73 20 4d 69 73  65 72 61 62 6c 65 73 2e  | Les Miserables.|
000004d0  20 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20  63 69 74 65 20 44 2e 20  | Please cite D. |
000004e0  45 2e 20 4b 6e 75 74 68  2c 20 54 68 65 20 53 74  |E. Knuth, The St|
000004f0  61 6e 66 6f 72 64 20 47  72 61 70 68 42 61 73 65  |anford GraphBase|
00000500  3a 20 41 20 50 6c 61 74  66 6f 72 6d 20 66 6f 72  |: A Platform for|
00000510  20 43 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61  74 6f 72 69 61 6c 20 43  | Combinatorial C|
00000520  6f 6d 70 75 74 69 6e 67  2c 20 41 64 64 69 73 6f  |omputing, Addiso|
00000530  6e 2d 57 65 73 6c 65 79  2c 20 52 65 61 64 69 6e  |n-Wesley, Readin|
00000540  67 2c 20 4d 41 20 28 31  39 39 33 29 2e 20 52 65  |g, MA (1993). Re|
00000550  74 72 69 65 76 65 64 20  66 72 6f 6d 20 60 4d 61  |trieved from `Ma|
00000560  72 6b 20 4e 65 77 6d 61  6e 27 73 20 77 65 62 73  |rk Newman's webs|
00000570  69 74 65 20 3c 68 74 74  70 3a 2f 2f 77 77 77 2d  |ite <http://www-|
00000580  70 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c  2e 75 6d 69 63 68 2e 65  |personal.umich.e|
00000590  64 75 2f 7e 6d 65 6a 6e  2f 6e 65 74 64 61 74 61  |du/~mejn/netdata|
000005a0  2f 3e 60 5f 2e 00 06 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 72 65  |/>`_..........re|
000005b0  61 64 6d 65 06 e2 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 54 68 65  |adme.........The|
000005c0  20 66 69 6c 65 20 6c 65  73 6d 69 73 2e 67 6d 6c  | file lesmis.gml|
000005d0  20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e  73 20 74 68 65 20 77 65  | contains the we|
000005e0  69 67 68 74 65 64 20 6e  65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 6f  |ighted network o|
000005f0  66 20 63 6f 61 70 70 65  61 72 61 6e 63 65 73 20  |f coappearances |
00000600  6f 66 0a 63 68 61 72 61  63 74 65 72 73 20 69 6e  |of.characters in|
00000610  20 56 69 63 74 6f 72 20  48 75 67 6f 27 73 20 6e  | Victor Hugo's n|
00000620  6f 76 65 6c 20 22 4c 65  73 20 4d 69 73 65 72 61  |ovel "Les Misera|
00000630  62 6c 65 73 22 2e 20 20  4e 6f 64 65 73 20 72 65  |bles".  Nodes re|
00000640  70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 0a  63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65  |present.characte|
00000650  72 73 20 61 73 20 69 6e  64 69 63 61 74 65 64 20  |rs as indicated |
00000660  62 79 20 74 68 65 20 6c  61 62 65 6c 73 20 61 6e  |by the labels an|
00000670  64 20 65 64 67 65 73 20  63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 20  |d edges connect |
00000680  61 6e 79 20 70 61 69 72  20 6f 66 0a 63 68 61 72  |any pair of.char|
00000690  61 63 74 65 72 73 20 74  68 61 74 20 61 70 70 65  |acters that appe|
000006a0  61 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68  65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 63  |ar in the same c|
000006b0  68 61 70 74 65 72 20 6f  66 20 74 68 65 20 62 6f  |hapter of the bo|
000006c0  6f 6b 2e 20 20 54 68 65  20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20  |ok.  The values |
000006d0  6f 6e 20 74 68 65 0a 65  64 67 65 73 20 61 72 65  |on the.edges are|
000006e0  20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d  62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 73  | the number of s|
000006f0  75 63 68 20 63 6f 61 70  70 65 61 72 61 6e 63 65  |uch coappearance|
00000700  73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20  64 61 74 61 20 6f 6e 20  |s.  The data on |
00000710  63 6f 61 70 70 65 61 72  61 6e 63 65 73 20 77 65  |coappearances we|
00000720  72 65 0a 74 61 6b 65 6e  20 66 72 6f 6d 20 44 2e  |re.taken from D.|
00000730  20 45 2e 20 4b 6e 75 74  68 2c 20 54 68 65 20 53  | E. Knuth, The S|
00000740  74 61 6e 66 6f 72 64 20  47 72 61 70 68 42 61 73  |tanford GraphBas|
00000750  65 3a 20 41 20 50 6c 61  74 66 6f 72 6d 20 66 6f  |e: A Platform fo|
00000760  72 0a 43 6f 6d 62 69 6e  61 74 6f 72 69 61 6c 20  |r.Combinatorial |
00000770  43 6f 6d 70 75 74 69 6e  67 2c 20 41 64 64 69 73  |Computing, Addis|
00000780  6f 6e 2d 57 65 73 6c 65  79 2c 20 52 65 61 64 69  |on-Wesley, Readi|
00000790  6e 67 2c 20 4d 41 20 28  31 39 39 33 29 2e 0a 01  |ng, MA (1993)...|
000007a0  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  6c 61 62 65 6c 06 06 00  |........label...|
000007b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 4d 79  72 69 65 6c 08 00 00 00  |......Myriel....|
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000007d0  00 00 00 00 4d 6c 6c 65  42 61 70 74 69 73 74 69  |....MlleBaptisti|
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000007f0  6c 6f 69 72 65 0c 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 43 6f 75  |loire........Cou|
00000800  6e 74 65 73 73 44 65 4c  6f 08 00 00 00 00 00 00  |ntessDeLo.......|
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00000820  00 43 68 61 6d 70 74 65  72 63 69 65 72 08 00 00  |.Champtercier...|
00000830  00 00 00 00 00 43 72 61  76 61 74 74 65 05 00 00  |.....Cravatte...|
00000840  00 00 00 00 00 43 6f 75  6e 74 06 00 00 00 00 00  |.....Count......|
00000850  00 00 4f 6c 64 4d 61 6e  07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..OldMan........|
00000860  4c 61 62 61 72 72 65 07  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 56  |Labarre........V|
00000870  61 6c 6a 65 61 6e 0a 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 4d 61  |aljean........Ma|
00000880  72 67 75 65 72 69 74 65  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |rguerite........|
00000890  4d 6d 65 44 65 52 07 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 49 73  |MmeDeR........Is|
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000008b0  76 61 69 73 09 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 54 68 6f 6c  |vais........Thol|
000008c0  6f 6d 79 65 73 09 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 4c 69 73  |omyes........Lis|
000008d0  74 6f 6c 69 65 72 07 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 46 61  |tolier........Fa|
000008e0  6d 65 75 69 6c 0b 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 42 6c 61  |meuil........Bla|
000008f0  63 68 65 76 69 6c 6c 65  09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |cheville........|
00000900  46 61 76 6f 75 72 69 74  65 06 00 00 00 00 00 00  |Favourite.......|
00000910  00 44 61 68 6c 69 61 07  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 5a  |.Dahlia........Z|
00000920  65 70 68 69 6e 65 07 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 46 61  |ephine........Fa|
00000930  6e 74 69 6e 65 0d 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 4d 6d 65  |ntine........Mme|
00000940  54 68 65 6e 61 72 64 69  65 72 0a 00 00 00 00 00  |Thenardier......|
00000950  00 00 54 68 65 6e 61 72  64 69 65 72 07 00 00 00  |..Thenardier....|
00000960  00 00 00 00 43 6f 73 65  74 74 65 06 00 00 00 00  |....Cosette.....|
00000970  00 00 00 4a 61 76 65 72  74 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00  |...Javert.......|
00000980  00 46 61 75 63 68 65 6c  65 76 65 6e 74 0a 00 00  |.Fauchelevent...|
00000990  00 00 00 00 00 42 61 6d  61 74 61 62 6f 69 73 08  |.....Bamatabois.|
000009a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 50  65 72 70 65 74 75 65 08  |.......Perpetue.|
000009b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 53  69 6d 70 6c 69 63 65 0b  |.......Simplice.|
000009c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 53  63 61 75 66 66 6c 61 69  |.......Scaufflai|
000009d0  72 65 06 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 57 6f 6d 61 6e 31  |re........Woman1|
000009e0  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  4a 75 64 67 65 0c 00 00  |........Judge...|
000009f0  00 00 00 00 00 43 68 61  6d 70 6d 61 74 68 69 65  |.....Champmathie|
00000a00  75 06 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 42 72 65 76 65 74 0a  |u........Brevet.|
00000a10  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 43  68 65 6e 69 6c 64 69 65  |.......Chenildie|
00000a20  75 0b 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 43 6f 63 68 65 70 61  |u........Cochepa|
00000a30  69 6c 6c 65 09 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 50 6f 6e 74  |ille........Pont|
00000a40  6d 65 72 63 79 0c 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 42 6f 75  |mercy........Bou|
00000a50  6c 61 74 72 75 65 6c 6c  65 07 00 00 00 00 00 00  |latruelle.......|
00000a60  00 45 70 6f 6e 69 6e 65  07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.Eponine........|
00000a70  41 6e 7a 65 6c 6d 61 06  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 57  |Anzelma........W|
00000a80  6f 6d 61 6e 32 0e 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 4d 6f 74  |oman2........Mot|
00000a90  68 65 72 49 6e 6e 6f 63  65 6e 74 07 00 00 00 00  |herInnocent.....|
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00000ab0  00 00 4a 6f 6e 64 72 65  74 74 65 09 00 00 00 00  |..Jondrette.....|
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00000af0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  4d 61 67 6e 6f 6e 10 00  |........Magnon..|
00000b00  00 00 00 00 00 00 4d 6c  6c 65 47 69 6c 6c 65 6e  |......MlleGillen|
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00000b40  00 00 00 00 00 4c 74 47  69 6c 6c 65 6e 6f 72 6d  |.....LtGillenorm|
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00000b70  73 54 06 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 4d 61 62 65 75 66  |sT........Mabeuf|
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00000c30  75 6c 65 6d 65 72 05 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 42 61  |ulemer........Ba|
00000c40  62 65 74 0a 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 43 6c 61 71 75  |bet........Claqu|
00000c50  65 73 6f 75 73 0c 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 4d 6f 6e  |esous........Mon|
00000c60  74 70 61 72 6e 61 73 73  65 09 00 00 00 00 00 00  |tparnasse.......|
00000c70  00 54 6f 75 73 73 61 69  6e 74 06 00 00 00 00 00  |.Toussaint......|
00000c80  00 00 43 68 69 6c 64 31  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..Child1........|
00000c90  43 68 69 6c 64 32 06 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 42 72  |Child2........Br|
00000ca0  75 6a 6f 6e 0c 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 4d 6d 65 48  |ujon........MmeH|
00000cb0  75 63 68 65 6c 6f 75 70  01 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  |ucheloup........|
00000cc0  00 70 6f 73 0b 02 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 6e c8 82  |.pos.........n..|
00000cd0  10 aa 06 a1 c0 92 2c ff  95 d9 9d 6c c0 02 00 00  |......,....l....|
00000ce0  00 00 00 00 00 63 e4 06  e4 7b fc a0 c0 1b 96 8c  |.....c...{......|
00000cf0  84 16 45 6c c0 02 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 01 9e b0  |..El............|
00000d00  80 fe 0e a1 c0 53 f1 82  9b 28 a0 6c c0 02 00 00  |.....S...(.l....|
00000d10  00 00 00 00 00 2a 22 05  0b db 0d a1 c0 42 fb 82  |.....*"......B..|
00000d20  44 e2 58 6c c0 02 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 85 c9 58  |D.Xl...........X|
00000d30  e8 95 fb a0 c0 be eb ce  9b 1c fa 6c c0 02 00 00  |...........l....|
00000d40  00 00 00 00 00 73 4d d1  51 dc ff a0 c0 bb 17 30  |.....sM.Q......0|
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00000d60  fb 3e fa a0 c0 1e 6f 5c  53 7e 99 6c c0 02 00 00  |.>....oS~.l....|
00000d70  00 00 00 00 00 85 76 a4  9b 68 05 a1 c0 4e f1 63  |......v..h...N.c|
00000d80  ed 00 39 6d c0 02 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 0e 3b 97  |..9m..........;.|
00000d90  bb 07 00 a1 c0 1c 4e 73  a5 01 b9 6c c0 02 00 00  |......Ns...l....|
00000da0  00 00 00 00 00 e2 76 a4  90 6c 01 a1 c0 02 f4 76  |......v..l.....v|
00000db0  f6 8c 1b 6c c0 02 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 18 d7 fe  |...l............|
00000dc0  98 da 0f a1 c0 74 e0 45  c8 15 df 6b c0 02 00 00  |.....t.E...k....|
00000dd0  00 00 00 00 00 4b d8 fb  ec a9 1d a1 c0 b2 1c b8  |.....K..........|
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00000e50  40 3c 31 a1 c0 2f 1b 86  7f 10 a3 6c c0 02 00 00  |@<1../.....l....|
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00000ee0  9f 5a 33 a1 c0 de e8 fd  a1 46 fa 6c c0 02 00 00  |.Z3......F.l....|
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00001550  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001560  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001570  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001580  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 22 40 00 00 00 00  |...@......"@....|
00001590  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 1c 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000015a0  00 00 2a 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |..*@.......?....|
000015b0  00 00 28 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |..(@.......@....|
000015c0  00 00 3f 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |..?@.......?....|
000015d0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 31 40 00 00 00 00  |...?......1@....|
000015e0  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000015f0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001600  00 00 20 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |.. @.......?....|
00001610  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001620  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001630  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001640  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001650  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001660  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001670  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001680  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001690  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000016a0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
000016b0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000016c0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000016d0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
000016e0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000016f0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001700  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001710  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001720  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001730  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001740  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001750  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001760  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001770  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001780  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001790  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
000017a0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
000017b0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 22 40 00 00 00 00  |...?......"@....|
000017c0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000017d0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
000017e0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
000017f0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001800  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 28 40 00 00 00 00  |...@......(@....|
00001810  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001820  00 00 35 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 33 40 00 00 00 00  |..5@......3@....|
00001830  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001840  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001850  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001860  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001870  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 1c 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001880  00 00 1c 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001890  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
000018a0  00 00 2e 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000018b0  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000018c0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
000018d0  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000018e0  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000018f0  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001900  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 22 40 00 00 00 00  |...?......"@....|
00001910  00 00 31 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 2a 40 00 00 00 00  |..1@......*@....|
00001920  00 00 1c 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001930  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001940  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001950  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001960  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001970  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001980  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001990  00 00 28 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |..(@.......@....|
000019a0  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 24 40 00 00 00 00  |...@......$@....|
000019b0  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000019c0  00 00 22 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |.."@.......?....|
000019d0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
000019e0  00 00 1c 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
000019f0  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001a00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001a10  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001a20  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001a30  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001a40  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001a50  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001a60  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001a70  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 14 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001a80  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001a90  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001aa0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001ab0  00 00 18 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001ac0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001ad0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001ae0  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001af0  00 00 10 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001b00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001b10  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001b20  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001b30  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001b40  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001b50  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001b60  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001b70  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  |...?.......@....|
00001b80  00 00 00 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001b90  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  |...@.......@....|
00001ba0  00 00 08 40 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...@.......?....|
00001bb0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001bc0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001bd0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001be0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  |...?.......?....|
00001bf0  00 00 f0 3f 00 00 00 00  00 00 f0 3f              |...?.......?|
00001bfc

这个文件的总长度为0x00001bfc == 7164字节。
相比之下,graphml编码结果为37506字节。
LZMA压缩后两个文件分别为2800字节和4192字节。
然而,这种差异(即使压缩)往往会增加，往往很大，对于较大的图表。
此外gt格式的读和写往往比graphml大约快一个数量级,和很大程度上受I/O限制，而后者，通常是受CPU受限。

这里有一个大图的例子：

>>> import timeit
>>> g = gt.collection.data["pgp-strong-2009"]
>>> g.properties.clear()   # Use only topology for benchmark
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: g.save("/tmp/pgp_graph.xml")).timeit(number=1)  
0.08416466903872788
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: g.save("/tmp/pgp_graph.xml.xz")).timeit(number=1)  
14.706654848065227
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: g.save("/tmp/pgp_graph.gt")).timeit(number=1)  
0.005980597110465169
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: g.save("/tmp/pgp_graph.gt.xz")).timeit(number=1)  
0.43757575505878776
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: gt.load_graph("/tmp/pgp_graph.xml")).timeit(number=1)  
0.9056955680716783
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: gt.load_graph("/tmp/pgp_graph.xml.xz")).timeit(number=1)  
1.0840389159275219
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: gt.load_graph("/tmp/pgp_graph.gt")).timeit(number=1)  
0.0512137800687924
>>> timeit.Timer(lambda: gt.load_graph("/tmp/pgp_graph.gt.xz")).timeit(number=1)  
0.07995201298035681
>>> import subprocess
>>> print(subprocess.check_output("du -b /tmp/pgp_graph* | sort -n", shell=True).decode("utf-8")) 
395148       /tmp/pgp_graph.gt.xz
921619       /tmp/pgp_graph.gt
1010208      /tmp/pgp_graph.xml.xz
21324583     /tmp/pgp_graph.xml

原文链接：The gt file format

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/leezx/p/5568616.html

快速开始使用Graph-tool

gt文件格式

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