85） kubeAdmin 安装kubernetes v1.14.0

1- Kubernetes对软件和硬件的系统要求

软硬件	最低配置	推荐配置
CPU|内存	Master: 2cores|4G Node：4cores|16G	master: 4cores|16G Node: 根据需要运行的容器数量进行配置
Linux系统	CentOS,redhat,ubuntu,Fedora等，kernel 3.10以上，GCE,AWS等	CentOS7.ubuntu 16.04,kernel 4.4
etcd	3.0	3.3
docker	18.03	18.09

2- 支持的容器引擎

• docker
• containerd
• CRI-O
• Frakti

3- kubeadm config

• kubeadm config upload from-file： 由配置文件上传到集群中生成ConfigMap。
• kubeadm config upload from-flags： 由配置参数生成ConfigMap。
• kubeadm config view： 查看当前集群中的配置值。
• kubeadm config print init-defaults： 输出kubeadm init默认参数文件的内容。
• kubeadm config print join-defaults： 输出kubeadm join默认参数文件的内容。
• kubeadm config migrate： 在新旧版本之间进行配置转换。
• kubeadm config images list： 列出所需的镜像列表。
• kubeadm config images pull

4- 环境规划

4.1- OS环境

role	os	kernel	ip	cpu	ram	disk
master	centos7.7-mini	kernel-lt-4.4.227-1.el7	192.168.123.217	2 cores	8G	80G
node-1	centos7.7-mini	kernel-lt-4.4.227-1.el7	192.168.123.216	2 cores	8G	80G
node-2	centos7.7-mini	kernel-lt-4.4.227-1.el7	192.168.123.211	2 cores	8G	80G

4.2- 组件版本

组件	版本	下载地址
docker-ce	19.03	清华源
kubeadm，kubelet,kubectl	1.14.0	docker.io镜像
flannel	v0.12.0	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kube-dashboard	v2.0.0-beta1	https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
etcd	v3.3.10	docker.io镜像

5- 安装环境[所有节点]

5.1- 环境初始化

• 关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld

• 禁用selinx

setenforce 0
sed -i.bak 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

• 关闭swap分区

swapoff -a
sed -i.bak '/ swap / s/^(.*)$/#1/g' /etc/fstab

• 配置国内源

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://files-cdn.cnblogs.com/files/lemanlai/CentOS-7.repo.sh
curl -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-7 https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
yum install epel-release -y

• 配置docker-ce清华源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://files-cdn.cnblogs.com/files/lemanlai/docker-ce.repo.sh

• 配置kubernetes清华源

【ps】：清华源上有kubernetes的各种老版本，阿里源只有最新的版本，不建议使用阿里源

cat << EOF >/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo 
[kubernetes]
name=kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
yum clean all
yum makecache fast  -y

• 安装常用工具

yum install nmap net-tools telnet curl wget vim lrzsz bind-utils -y

• 升级内核版本

wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt-4.4.229-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wget https://elrepo.org/linux/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-lt-devel-4.4.229-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall kernel-lt-* -y

sed -i 'ssavedg' /etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

reboot

• 开机加载内核模块

systemctl enable rc-local
chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
systemctl restart rc-local

cat >> /etc/rc.local  << EOF
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe br_netfilter
EOF

• 优化内核参数

cat >/etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 # 禁止使用 swap 空间，只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1 # 不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 # 开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

• 使用systemd-modules-load加载内核模块

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
 ip_vs_rr
 br_netfilter
EOF
systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service

5.2- 安装环境组件

• 安装docker-ce

yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine -y  #如果你之前安装过 docker，请先删掉
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 #安装一些依赖
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker

• 配置镜像加速地址和使用systemd

mkdir /etc/docker/ -p
cat >> /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://wbuj86p5.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker #重启服务

• 安装kubeadm， kubelet , kubectl v.1.14.0版本

 yum install kubeadm-1.14.0 kubelet-1.14.0 kubectl-1.14.0  kubernetes-cni-0.7.5  -y
 systemctl enable kubelet

6-安装集群master节点[master节点]

6.1- 配置集群内容

• 设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname master

• 获取默认初始化参数

mkdir -p /opt/k8s/cfg
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/k8s/cfg/init.default.yaml

• 修改init.default.yaml配置参数

cat  init.default.yaml

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: f589ad.12ecf4203d7c7773   ## 随机token值
  ttl: 24h0m0s   ## token过期时间，0表示永不过期
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.123.217   # apiserver的地址
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: master
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: ""
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: docker.io/dustise   # 镜像下载的地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.14.0    # 版本
networking:
  dnsDomain: k8s.local    # 根域名
  podSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16   # pod的地址范围
  serviceSubnet: 10.254.0.0/24  # service的地址范围
scheduler: {}

• 下载镜像

cd /opt/k8s/cfg
kubeadm config images pull --config=init.default.yaml

## 下载过程
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/kube-apiserver:v1.14.0
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.0
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/kube-scheduler:v1.14.0
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/kube-proxy:v1.14.0
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/pause:3.1
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/etcd:3.3.10
[config/images] Pulled docker.io/dustise/coredns:1.3.1

• 初始化安装集群

kubeadm init --config=init.default.yaml

[安装过程]：

[root@master cfg]# kubeadm init --config=init.default.yaml
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.14.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.12. Latest validated version: 18.09
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [192.168.123.217 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [master localhost] and IPs [192.168.123.217 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.k8s.local] and IPs [10.254.0.1 192.168.123.217]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 92.004687 seconds
[upload-config] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.14" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --experimental-upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: f589ad.12ecf4203d7c7773
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.123.217:6443 --token f589ad.12ecf4203d7c7773 
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2ee27e9a66e61b99d2e35cad4d9022b64e3a7fe9ece26264a26dcc63807b318c

• 创建配置文件到用户的家目录

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

6.2- 验证部署结果

• 查看kubeadm-config生成的ConfigMap对象

[root@master cfg]# kubectl get configmap -n kube-system
NAME                                 DATA   AGE
coredns                              1      8m43s
extension-apiserver-authentication   6      8m54s
kube-proxy                           2      8m41s
kubeadm-config                       2      8m52s
kubelet-config-1.14                  1      8m52s

• 查看configmap内容，与部署之前生成的init.default.yaml 内容基本相同

[root@master cfg]# kubectl describe  configmap  kubeadm-config -n kube-system
Name:         kubeadm-config
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
ClusterConfiguration:
----
apiServer:
  extraArgs:
    authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: ""
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: docker.io/dustise
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.14.0
networking:
  dnsDomain: k8s.local
  podSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.254.0.0/24
scheduler: {}

ClusterStatus:
----
apiEndpoints:
  master:
    advertiseAddress: 192.168.123.217
    bindPort: 6443
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterStatus

Events:  <none>

• 查看发现node节点

[root@master cfg]# kubectl get node -o wide
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION                CONTAINER-RUNTIME
master   NotReady   master   15m   v1.14.0   192.168.123.217   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.4.227-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   docker://19.3.12

7- 安装集群node节点[node节点]

7.1- 加入之前的准备

• 设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname node-1

7.2- 加入方式一

• master节点init后输出的命令

kubeadm join 192.168.123.217:6443 --token f589ad.12ecf4203d7c7773 
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2ee27e9a66e61b99d2e35cad4d9022b64e3a7fe9ece26264a26dcc63807b318c

7.3- 加入方式二

• 创建join.yaml文件

mkdir -p /opt/k8s/cfg
kubeadm config print join-defaults > /opt/k8s/cfg/join-config.yaml

• 修改join-config.yaml文件

[root@node-1 cfg]# cat /opt/k8s/cfg/join-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
caCertPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
discovery:
  bootstrapToken:
    apiServerEndpoint: 192.168.123.217:6443   ## master的kube-apiserver地址和端口
    token: f589ad.12ecf4203d7c7773   # init.default.yaml的token值
    unsafeSkipCAVerification: true
  timeout: 5m0s
  tlsBootstrapToken: f589ad.12ecf4203d7c7773    # init.default.yaml的token值
kind: JoinConfiguration
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: node-1    # node节点的主机名

• 加入集群命令 kubeadm join --config=/opt/k8s/cfg/join-config.yaml

## 加入过程
[root@node-1 cfg]# kubeadm join --config=/opt/k8s/cfg/join-config.yaml
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.12. Latest validated version: 18.09
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.14" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

7.4- 验证结果[master节点]

[root@master cfg]# kubectl get node -o wide
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION                CONTAINER-RUNTIME
master   NotReady   master   35m   v1.14.0   192.168.123.217   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.4.227-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   docker://19.3.12
node-1   NotReady   <none>   81s   v1.14.0   192.168.123.216   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.4.229-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   docker://19.3.12

7.5- 允许node节点使用kubectl访问集群[node节点]

• 拷贝配置文件

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
scp  root@192.168.123.217:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

• 验证结果

[root@node-1 cfg]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
master   NotReady   master   39m     v1.14.0
node-1   NotReady   <none>   5m43s   v1.14.0

8- 安装其他应用[master节点]

8.1- 安装flannel

• 下载flannel yaml文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

• 改成国内源，加速镜像下载

sed -i 'squay.ioquay-mirror.qiniu.comg' kube-flannel.yml

• 修改pod的ip网络

[root@master cfg]# cat kube-flannel.yml  -n  ##修改第128行的pod网络信息为kubeadm部署的信息
   126    net-conf.json: |
   127      {
   128        "Network": "10.96.0.0/16",
   129        "Backend": {
   130          "Type": "vxlan"
   131        }
   132      }

• 安装flanneld

[root@master cfg]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created

• 检查结果

[root@master cfg]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
master   Ready    master   131m   v1.14.0
node-1   Ready    <none>   97m    v1.14.0
node-2   Ready    <none>   32m    v1.14.0

8.2- 部署kube-dashboard

• 下载yaml文件

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

• 增加端口类型

[root@master cfg]# cat -n  recommended.yaml |grep 4[0-7]
    40    type: NodePort   #增加type
    41    ports:
    42      - port: 443
    43        targetPort: 8443
    44        nodePort: 30443  #增加端口

• 修改下载镜像的策略

[root@master cfg]# cat -n recommended.yaml |grep image
   193            image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta1
   194            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent  #修改成IfNotPresent
   268            image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.0

• 应用

[root@master cfg]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-metrics-scraper created

• 查看结果

[root@master cfg]# kubectl get svc,pod -o wide -A
NAMESPACE              NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE     SELECTOR
default                service/kubernetes                  ClusterIP   10.254.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                  3h19m   <none>
kube-system            service/kube-dns                    ClusterIP   10.254.0.10    <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   3h19m   k8s-app=kube-dns
kubernetes-dashboard   service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.254.0.242   <none>        8000/TCP                 11m     k8s-app=kubernetes-metrics-scraper
kubernetes-dashboard   service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.254.0.79    <none>        443:30443/TCP            11m     k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard

NAMESPACE              NAME                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP                NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kube-system            pod/coredns-6897bd7b5-4659r                       1/1     Running   0          3h19m   10.96.1.2         node-1   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/coredns-6897bd7b5-4zrrf                       1/1     Running   0          3h19m   10.96.1.3         node-1   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/etcd-master                                   1/1     Running   0          3h19m   192.168.123.217   master   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-apiserver-master                         1/1     Running   0          3h19m   192.168.123.217   master   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-controller-manager-master                1/1     Running   0          3h19m   192.168.123.217   master   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-jvqch                   1/1     Running   0          69m     192.168.123.217   master   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-mtjnp                   1/1     Running   0          69m     192.168.123.211   node-2   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-scbrh                   1/1     Running   0          69m     192.168.123.216   node-1   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-proxy-9tsj4                              1/1     Running   0          166m    192.168.123.216   node-1   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-proxy-gss52                              1/1     Running   0          100m    192.168.123.211   node-2   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-proxy-qfvpj                              1/1     Running   0          3h19m   192.168.123.217   master   <none>           <none>
kube-system            pod/kube-scheduler-master                         1/1     Running   0          3h19m   192.168.123.217   master   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard   pod/kubernetes-dashboard-6f89577b77-qzv44         1/1     Running   0          11m     10.96.2.5         node-2   <none>           <none>
kubernetes-dashboard   pod/kubernetes-metrics-scraper-79c9985bc6-x24wh   1/1     Running   0          11m     10.96.2.6         node-2   <none>           <none>

• 创建管理员账户

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

• 获取管理员用户的token

[root@master cfg]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep dashboard
dashboard-admin-token-rwm29                      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      17s

[root@master cfg]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-rwm29 -n kube-system
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-rwm29
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 275ca4ea-c5d8-11ea-863a-000c29e837a9

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.TjvozIxr0UA5v7CESxUWCmo7tqNKLMkYX5Ng3IfiupZ4JHQ9hHJIWkTQPj7TgvoFU8GP8M7N8ctZQpVy9SXJVlKlH5qPG-JR7vtcHxWh5LXHCbV3jADEwpmchdwtY-ayd8rOLrj8HRAR7IVvpUwbcuV21_N0SbGR6iLcVOFq_wO7F7YMmMMh8Fu3wBzg7XNOZAi4onSudq4pkVbaOTJRZbdU1XMV022RV_Y3LRTj-odl4F4PUlHKi3mVH_yFwvJTvM5WvMM_vUb-U8t6e_dBYTSWVuUt4JVZ8O6iQ9AZo_C6aZIwhoo8eOONWnIit0TO7U4T9Xf8IOEEIrbUBmH8mw
ca.crt:     1025 bytes

• 浏览器打开ip地址 https://192.168.123.217:30443

8.3- 验证DNS功能

[使用busybox的镜像解析会有问题]

[root@master ~]# kubectl run curl --generator=run-pod/v1 --image=radial/busyboxplus  -it

If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.

/ # nslookup kubernetes.default
Server:    10.254.0.10
Address 1: 10.254.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.k8s.local

Name:      kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.254.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.k8s.local

• 创建一个nginx pod

[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx  --generator=run-pod/v1 --labels="app=nginx" --image=nginx --port=8080
pod/nginx created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
curl    1/1     Running   1          14m
nginx   1/1     Running   0          65s

• 创建service

[root@node-1 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)           AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.254.0.1     <none>        443/TCP           21h
nginx-svc    NodePort    10.254.0.252   <none>        30080:31983/TCP   7s

• 解析svc的域名

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
curl    1/1     Running   1          29m
nginx   1/1     Running   0          16m

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it curl sh
/ # nslookup nginx-svc.default.svc
Server:    10.254.0.10
Address 1: 10.254.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.k8s.local

Name:      nginx-svc.default.svc
Address 1: 10.254.0.252 nginx-svc.default.svc.k8s.local