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  • SpringBoot自动配置的实现原理

    之前一直在用SpringBoot框架,一直感觉SpringBoot框架自动配置的功能很强大,但是并没有明白它是怎么实现自动配置的,现在有空研究了一下,大概明白了SpringBoot框架是怎么实现自动配置的功能,我们编写一个最简单的自动配置功能,大概的总结一下.

    一,配置属性类

    其实就是值对象注入的方式去配置一些Spring常用的配置,我们编写一个最简单的配置对象。

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "hello")
    //@Component //如果这里添加了注解那么在自动配置类的时候就不用添加@enableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)注解.
    public class HelloProperties {
    
        private String msg="default";//现在我们在配置文件写hello.msg=world,因为简单就不再展示;如果那么默认为default.
    
        public String getMsg() {
            return msg;
        }
    
        public void setMsg(String msg) {
            this.msg = msg;
        }
    }

    这是一个简单的属性值对象,那么相当于写死的字段就是SpringBoot为我们自动配置的配置,那么我们很多时候可以自己在application.properties中修改某些配置就是这样的道理,我们不设置就是默认的,设置了就是我们设置的属性。

    二,自动配置类

    上面已经构建了我们简单的属性对象,那么现在我们要通过属性对象得到相应的属性值将其注入到我们的Bean中,这些Bean也就是一些SpringBoot启动后为我们自动配置生成的Bean,当然SpringBoot优先使用我们配置的Bean这个功能是如何实现的,我们往下看一下就明白了。

    首先我们需要一个功能Bean,可以把这个Bean看做是SpringBoot框架启动后在容器里面生成的为我们服务的内置Bean,简单的写一个。

    //@Component   这里很重要,如果我们添加了这个注解那么,按照我们下面的设置SpringBoot会优先使用我们配置的这个Bean,这是符合SpringBoot框架优先使用自定义Bean的原则的。
    public class HelloService {
    
        private String msg = "service";//如果自动配置没有读入成功,那么为默认值
    
        public String say() {
            return "hello " + msg;
        }//为我们服务的方法
    
        public String getMsg() {
            return msg;
        }
    
        public void setMsg(String msg) {
            this.msg = msg;
        }
    }

    现在编写我们的自动配置类。

    @Configuration //配置类
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)//这里就是前面说的,这个注解读入我们的配置对象类
    @ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)//当类路径存在这个类时才会加载这个配置类,否则跳过,这个很有用比如不同jar包间类依赖,依赖的类不存在直接跳过,不会报错
    public class HelloAutoConfiguration { @Autowired private HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)//这个配置就是SpringBoot可以优先使用自定义Bean的核心所在,如果没有我们的自定义Bean那么才会自动配置一个新的Bean public HelloService auto(){ HelloService helloService =new HelloService(); helloService.setMsg(helloProperties.getMsg()); return helloService; } }

    好了现在自动配置的类也写好了,我们可以启动一下SpringBoot应用,测试一下。

    三,测试自动配置

    @SpringBootApplication
    @RestController
    public class MyRun {
    
        @Autowired
        private HelloService helloService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/auto/home")
        public String home(){
            return helloService.say();
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MyRun.class,args);
        }
    }

    ok ,运行后访问你会看到:

    hello world

    代表我们的自动配置功能成功。

    四,SpringBoot管理自动配置

    其实在很多时候我们的配置是在很多jar包里的,那么我们新的应用该怎么读入这些jar包里的配置文件呢,SpringBoot是这样管理的。

    最主要的注解就是@enableAutoConfiguration,而这个注解会导入一个EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的类,而这个类会去读取一个spring.factories下key为EnableAutoConfiguration全限定名对应值.

    # Auto Configure
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.hornetq.HornetQAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.velocity.VelocityAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,
    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

    所以如果需要我们可以在我们的resources目录下创建spring.factories下添加类似的配置即可。。

    ok,自动配置的原理差不多就这样,我现在了解的并不深入,还需要继续学习。

    
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lfjjava/p/6096884.html
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