在使用FFMPEG的类库进行编程的过程中,可以直接输出解复用之后的的视频数据码流。只需要在每次调用av_read_frame()之后将得到的视频的AVPacket存为本地文件即可。
经试验,在分离MPEG2码流的时候,直接存储AVPacket即可。
在分离H.264码流的时候,直接存储AVPacket后的文件可能是不能播放的。
如果视音频复用格式是TS(MPEG2 Transport Stream),直接存储后的文件是可以播放的。
复用格式是FLV,MP4则不行。
经过长时间资料搜索发现,FLV,MP4这些属于“特殊容器”,需要经过以下处理才能得到可播放的H.264码流:
1.第一次存储AVPacket之前需要在前面加上H.264的SPS和PPS。这些信息存储在AVCodecContext的extradata里面。
并且需要使用FFMPEG中的名为"h264_mp4toannexb"的bitstream filter 进行处理。
然后将处理后的extradata存入文件
具体代码如下:
FILE *fp_h264 = fopen("film.h264", "wb+"); unsigned char *dummy=NULL; //输入的指针 int dummy_len; AVBitStreamFilterContext* bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb"); av_bitstream_filter_filter(bsfc, pCodecCtx, NULL, &dummy, &dummy_len, NULL, 0, 0); fwrite(pCodecCtx->extradata,pCodecCtx->extradata_size,1,fp_h264); av_bitstream_filter_close(bsfc); free(dummy);
2.通过查看FFMPEG源代码我们发现,AVPacket中的数据起始处没有分隔符(0x00000001), 也不是0x65、0x67、0x68、0x41等字节,所以可以AVPacket肯定这不是标准的nalu。其实,AVPacket前4个字表示的是nalu的长度,从第5个字节开始才是nalu的数据。所以直接将AVPacket前4个字节替换为0x00000001即可得到标准的nalu数据。
具体代码如下:
char nal_start[]={0,0,0,1}; fwrite(nal_start, 4, 1, fp_h264); fwrite(packet.data + 4, packet.size - 4, 1, fp_h264); fclose(fp_h264);
经过以上两步处理之后,我们就得到了可以正常播放的H.264码流
/** * 使用FFmpeg解析出H264、YUV数据 */ #include <stdio.h> extern "C" { #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h" #include "libavformat/avformat.h" #include "libswscale/swscale.h" #include "libavutil/imgutils.h" }; #pragma comment(lib, "avcodec.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "avformat.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "swscale.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "avutil.lib") int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL; AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx = NULL; AVCodec *pCodec = NULL; AVFrame *pFrame = NULL, *pFrameYUV = NULL; unsigned char *out_buffer = NULL; AVPacket packet; struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx = NULL; int got_picture; int videoIndex; int frame_cnt = 1; //char filepath[] = "Titanic.ts"; char filepath[] = "Forrest_Gump_IMAX.mp4"; FILE *fp_yuv = fopen("film.yuv", "wb+"); FILE *fp_h264 = fopen("film.h264", "wb+"); if (fp_yuv == NULL || fp_h264 == NULL) { printf("FILE open error"); return -1; } av_register_all(); if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) != 0){ printf("Couldn't open an input stream. "); return -1; } if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0){ printf("Couldn't find stream information. "); return -1; } videoIndex = -1; for (int i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++) if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO){ videoIndex = i; break; } if (videoIndex == -1){ printf("Couldn't find a video stream. "); return -1; } pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoIndex]->codec; pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id); if (pCodec == NULL){ printf("Codec not found. "); return -1; } if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0){ printf("Could not open codec. "); return -1; } pFrame = av_frame_alloc(); pFrameYUV = av_frame_alloc(); if (pFrame == NULL || pFrameYUV == NULL) { printf("memory allocation error "); return -1; } out_buffer = (unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1)); av_image_fill_arrays(pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize, out_buffer, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1); img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL); /* //针对H.264码流 unsigned char *dummy = NULL; //输入的指针 int dummy_len; const char nal_start[] = { 0, 0, 0, 1 }; AVBitStreamFilterContext* bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init("h264_mp4toannexb"); av_bitstream_filter_filter(bsfc, pCodecCtx, NULL, &dummy, &dummy_len, NULL, 0, 0); fwrite(pCodecCtx->extradata, pCodecCtx->extradata_size, 1, fp_h264); av_bitstream_filter_close(bsfc); free(dummy); */ while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet) >= 0) { if (packet.stream_index == videoIndex) { //输出出h.264数据 fwrite(packet.data, 1, packet.size, fp_h264); //针对H.264码流 //fwrite(nal_start, 4, 1, fp_h264); //fwrite(packet.data + 4, packet.size - 4, 1, fp_h264); if (avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, &packet) < 0) { printf("Decode Error. "); return -1; } if (got_picture) { sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize); //输出出YUV数据 int y_size = pCodecCtx->width * pCodecCtx->height; fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0], 1, y_size, fp_yuv); //Y fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //U fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //V printf("Succeed to decode %d frame! ", frame_cnt); frame_cnt++; } } av_free_packet(&packet); } //flush decoder //FIX: Flush Frames remained in Codec while (true) { if (avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, &packet) < 0) { break; } if (!got_picture) { break; } sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char* const*)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize); int y_size = pCodecCtx->width * pCodecCtx->height; fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[0], 1, y_size, fp_yuv); //Y fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[1], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //U fwrite(pFrameYUV->data[2], 1, y_size / 4, fp_yuv); //V printf("Flush Decoder: Succeed to decode %d frame! ", frame_cnt); frame_cnt++; } fclose(fp_yuv); fclose(fp_h264); sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx); av_free(out_buffer); av_frame_free(&pFrameYUV); av_frame_free(&pFrame); avcodec_close(pCodecCtx); avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx); return 0; }