Java连接数据库谈
日常的时候,经常有同学问有关如何连接到数据库的问题,现在写下来,希望对有的人,有些帮助。
1. 加载一个对应数据库的JDBC驱动
在建立到一个数据库的连接之前,必须先加载这个数据库的JDBC驱动程序,加载之后此driver会自动注册到JDBC驱动列表中。加载一个JDBC驱动有两种方法。
a) 在命令行方式下指定驱动器或者用冒号分割驱动器列表:
具体命令如下:
C:\>java –Djdbc.drivers = com.company1.Driver:com.company2.Driver youProject
b)第二种方法,在程序中调用Class.forName()方法。推荐使用。。。。
try
{
String driverName = “com.imaginary.sql.msql.MsqlDriver”;
Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();
}
Catch(ClassNotFoundException e1)
{
//catch could not find database driver exception.
}
2.连接到数据库。
根据您后台待连接的数据库不同,而有小小的差别。
a) 连接到Oracle数据库。
Connection connection = null ;
try
{
//load the jdbc driver ;
String driverName = “oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver”;
Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();
//create a connection to the database;
String serverName = “127.0.0.1”;
String serverPort = “1521”;
String serverID = “datebase1”
String userName = “hello”;
String userPsw = “world”;
String url = “jdbc:oracle.thin:@” + serverName + “:” + serverPort + “:” + serverID ;
Connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url , userName , userPsw);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException e1)
{
//catch could not find database driver exception.
}
catch(SQLException e2)
{
//catch could not connect to the database exception.
}
Connection connection = null ;
try
{
//load the jdbc driver ;
String driverName = “com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver”;
Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();
//create a connection to the database;
String serverName = “127.0.0.1”;
String serverPort = “1433”;
String serverID = serverName + serverPort ;
String userName = “hello”;
String userPsw = “world”;
String url = “jdbc:JSQLConnect ://” + serverID ;
Connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url , userName , userPsw);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException e1)
{
//catch could not find database driver exception.
}
catch(SQLException e2)
{
//catch could not connect to the database exception.
}
c) 连接到一个MySQL数据库上。。。。
Connection connection = null ;
try
{
//load the jdbc driver ;
String driverName = “org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver”;
Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();
//create a connection to the database;
String serverName = “127.0.0.1”;
String serverID = “database”;
String userName = “hello”;
String userPsw = “world”;
String url = “jdbc:mysql ://” + serverName + “/” + serverID ;
Connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url , userName , userPsw);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException e1)
{
//catch could not find database driver exception.
}
catch(SQLException e2)
{
//catch could not connect to the database exception.
}
综合上面的三种数据库连接方式 , 其实大同小异。由于访问不同的数据库和所使用的数据库驱动程序不同,所以导致代码表面上有小小不同,但透过表面看来,内部都是
1. 加载一个特定的数据库JDBC驱动。
2. 连接到一个数据库。
3. 之后,就可以对一个特定的数据库进行特定的操作了。