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  • Mac下安装LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)环境

    Mac下安装LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)环境

    安装Homebrew

    最近工作环境切换到Mac,所以以OS X Yosemite(10.10.1)为例,记录一下从零开始安装Mac下LNMP环境的过程

    确保系统已经安装xcode,然后使用一行命令安装依赖管理工具Homebrew

    ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
    

    之后就可以使用

    brew install FORMULA
    

    来安装所需要的依赖了。

    brew(意为酿酒)的命名很有意思,全部都使用了酿酒过程中采用的材料/器具,名词对应以下的概念:

    • Formula(配方) 程序包定义,本质上是一个rb文件
    • Keg(桶)程序包的安装路径
    • Cellar(地窖)所有程序包(桶)的根目录
    • Tap(水龙头)程序包的源
    • Bottle (瓶子)编译打包好的程序包

    最终编译安装完毕的程序就是一桶酿造好的酒

    更详细的信息参考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

    因此使用Homebrew常见的流程是:

    1. 增加一个程序源(新增一个水龙头) brew tap homebrew/php
    2. 更新程序源 brew update
    3. 安装程序包(按照配方酿酒) brew install git
    4. 查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默认安装在/usr/local/Cellar下 (酒桶放在地窖内)

    安装PHP5.6(FPM方式)

    首先加入Homebrew官方的几个软件源

    brew tap homebrew/dupes
    brew tap homebrew/versions
    brew tap homebrew/php
    

    PHP如果采用默认配置安装,会编译mod_php模块并只运行在Apache环境下,为了使用Nginx,这里需要编译php-fpm并且禁用apache,主要通过参数--without-fpm --without-apache来实现。完整的安装指令为

    brew install php56 
    --without-snmp 
    --without-apache 
    --with-debug 
    --with-fpm 
    --with-intl 
    --with-homebrew-curl 
    --with-homebrew-libxslt 
    --with-homebrew-openssl 
    --with-imap 
    --with-mysql 
    --with-tidy
    

    由于OSX已经自带了PHP环境,因此需要修改系统路径,优先运行brew安装的版本,在~/.bashrc里加入:

    export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
    

    如果要安装新的php扩展,可以直接安装而不用每次重新编译php,所有的扩展可以通过

    brew search php56
    

    看到,下面是我自己所需要的扩展,可以支持Phalcon框架

    brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo  php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug
    

    PHP-FPM的加载与启动

    安装完毕后可以通过以下指令启动和停止php-fpm

    php-fpm -D
    killall php-fpm
    

    同时可以将php-fpm加入开机启动

    ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
    launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
    

    安装Nginx

    brew install nginx
    

    安装完毕后可以通过

    nginx
    nginx -s quit
    

    启动和关闭,同时也支持重载配置文件等操作

    nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
    

    nginx安装后默认监听8080端口,可以访问http://localhost:8080查看状态。如果要想监听80端口需要root权限,运行

    sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
    sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
    

    并使用root权限启动

    sudo nginx
    

    开机启动

    ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
    launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
    

    Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

    Nginx一般都会运行多个域名,因此这里参考了@fish的方法,按Ubuntu的文件夹结构来存放Nginx的配置文件

    mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
    mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
    mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
    mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
    mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
    

    编辑Nginx全局配置

    vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    
    worker_processes  1;
    error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
    pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
    
    events {
        worker_connections  256;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
            '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
            '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
            '"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '
            '$cookie_evalogin';
    
        access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
        port_in_redirect off;
    
        include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
    }
    

    这样一来首先可以把一些可复用配置独立出来放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下,比如fastcgi的设置就可以独立出来

    vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
    

    内容为

    location ~ .php$ {
        try_files                   $uri = 404;
        fastcgi_pass                127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index               index.php;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;
        include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
    }
    

    然后/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下可以一个文件对应一个域名的配置,比如web服务器目录是/opt/htdocs

    vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        root         /opt/htdocs/;
    
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm index.php;
            include     /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
        }
    }
    

    此时启动了php-fpm并且启动了Nginx后,就可以通过http://localhost来运行php程序了

    安装MySQL

    brew install mysql
    

    可以通过

    mysql.server start
    mysql.server stop
    

    来启动/停止,启动后默认应为空密码,可以通过mysqladmin设置一个密码

    mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
    

    但是在操作的时候出现了空密码无法登入的情况,最终只能通过mysqld_safe来设置

    sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
    mysql -u root
    mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';
    mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
    

    最后将MySQL加入开机启动

    cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
    

    Memcache

    brew install memcached
    

    启动/停止指令

    memcached -d
    killall memcached
    

    加入开机启动

    cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
    

    Redis

    brew install redis
    

    Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行,因此需要先修改配置文件

    vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
    

    将daemonize修改为yes,然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动

    redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
    

    加入开机启动

    cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/ 
    

    设置别名

    最后可以对所有服务的启动停止设置别名方便操作

    vim ~/.bash_profile
    

    加入

    alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
    alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
    alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
    alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
    alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
    alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
    alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
    alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
    alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
    alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
    alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
    alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
    alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
    alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
    alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
    

    安装其他项目支持

    brew install composer node
    

    安装Oh My Zsh

    brew install zsh-completions
    chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
    vim ~/.zshenv
    

    加入内容

    export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
    

    然后

    vim ~/.zshrc
    

    加入内容

    fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
    autoload -Uz compinit
    compinit -u
    

    最后运行

    rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
    

    查看正在使用的shell

    dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
    

    安装Oh My Zsh

    wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liangzia/p/6079281.html
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