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  • iOS连接外设的代码实现

    上一篇文章介绍了蓝牙的技术知识,这里我们具体说明一下中心模式的应用场景。主设备(手机去扫描连接外设,发现外设服务和属性,操作服务和属性的应用。一般来说,外设(蓝牙设备,比如智能手环之类的东西), 会由硬件工程师开发好,并定义好设备提供的服务,每个服务对于的特征,每个特征的属性(只读,只写,通知等等),本文例子的业务场景,就是用一手机app去读写蓝牙设备。

    ##ios连接外设的代码实现流程

    1. 建立中心角色

    2. 扫描外设(discover)

    3. 连接外设(connect)

    4. 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)

        - 4.1 获取外设的services

        - 4.2 获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值

    5. 与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)

    6. 订阅Characteristic的通知

    7.断开连接(disconnect)

    8.模拟器蓝牙调试,慎用,最好还是用真机去调试。

    ##准备环境

    1. Xcode

    2. 开发证书和手机(蓝牙程序需要使用使用真机调试,使用模拟器也可以调试,但是方法很蛋疼,我会放在最后说)

    3. 蓝牙外设

    ##实现步骤

    ###1 导入CoreBluetooth头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备委托

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    #import [CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h](因识别问题,此处将尖括号改为方括号)
        @interface ViewController : UIViewController    @interface ViewController (){
            //系统蓝牙设备管理对象,可以把他理解为主设备,通过他,可以去扫描和链接外设
            CBCentralManager *manager;
        }
     
        - (void)viewDidLoad {
            [super viewDidLoad];
            /*
             设置主设备的委托,CBCentralManagerDelegate
                必须实现的:
                - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;//主设备状态改变的委托,在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备,只有当设备正确打开后才能使用
                其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的:
                - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI; //找到外设的委托
                - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
                - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
                - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
            */
             //初始化并设置委托和线程队列,最好一个线程的参数可以为nil,默认会就main线程
             manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];

    ###2 扫描外设(discover),扫描外设的方法我们放在centralManager成功打开的委托中,因为只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错。

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    -(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
     
                switch (central.state) {
                    case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
                        NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
                        break;
                    case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
                        NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
                        break;
                    case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
                        NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
                        break;
                    case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
                        NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
                        break;
                    case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
                        NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
                        break;
                    case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
                        NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn");
                        //开始扫描周围的外设
                        /*
                         第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设,扫描到外设后会进入
                              - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
                         */
                        [manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
     
            }
            //扫描到设备会进入方法
            -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
     
                NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name);
                //接下来可以连接设备
            }

    ###3 连接外设(connect)

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    //扫描到设备会进入方法
            -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
                //接下连接我们的测试设备,如果你没有设备,可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
                //这里自己去设置下连接规则,我设置的是P开头的设备
                       if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"P"]){
                       /*
                           一个主设备最多能连7个外设,每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功,失败,断开会进入各自的委托
                        - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设成功的委托
                        - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//外设连接失败的委托
                        - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;//断开外设的委托
                        */
                        //连接设备
                       [manager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
                   }
            }
     
            //连接到Peripherals-成功
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
            {
                NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
            }
     
            //连接到Peripherals-失败
            -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
            {
                NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-失败,原因:%@",[peripheral name],[error localizedDescription]);
            }
     
            //Peripherals断开连接
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
                NSLog(@">>>外设连接断开连接 %@: %@ ", [peripheral name], [error localizedDescription]);
     
            }

    ###4 扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)

    设备连接成功后,就可以扫描设备的服务了,同样是通过委托形式,扫描到结果后会进入委托方法。但是这个委托已经不再是主设备的委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate),而是外设的委托(CBPeripheralDelegate),这个委托包含了主设备与外设交互的许多 回叫方法,包括获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor,和Descriptor的值,写数据,读rssi,用通知的方式订阅数据等等。

    4.1获取外设的services

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    //连接到Peripherals-成功
            - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
            {
                NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
                //设置的peripheral委托CBPeripheralDelegate
                //@interface ViewController : UIViewController            [peripheral setDelegate:self];
                //扫描外设Services,成功后会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
                [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
     
            }
            //扫描到Services
            -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
                //  NSLog(@">>>扫描到服务:%@",peripheral.services);
                if (error)
                {
                    NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
                    return;
                }
     
                for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
                                 NSLog(@"%@",service.UUID);
                                 //扫描每个service的Characteristics,扫描到后会进入方法: -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
                                 [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
                             }
     
            }

    4.2获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值

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    //扫描到Characteristics
         -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
             if (error)
             {
                 NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
                 return;
             }
     
             for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
             {
                 NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
             }
     
             //获取Characteristic的值,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
             for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
                 {
                     [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
                 }
             }
     
             //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,读到数据会进入方法:-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
             for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
                 [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic];
             }
     
     
         }
     
        //获取的charateristic的值
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
            //打印出characteristic的UUID和值
            //!注意,value的类型是NSData,具体开发时,会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
            NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@  value:%@",characteristic.UUID,characteristic.value);
     
        }
     
        //搜索到Characteristic的Descriptors
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
     
            //打印出Characteristic和他的Descriptors
             NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@",characteristic.UUID);
            for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) {
                NSLog(@"Descriptor uuid:%@",d.UUID);
            }
     
        }
        //获取到Descriptors的值
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error{
            //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
            //这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
            NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@  value:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",descriptor.UUID],descriptor.value);
        }

    ###5 把数据写到Characteristic中

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    //写数据
        -(void)writeCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                    characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic
                             value:(NSData *)value{
     
            //打印出 characteristic 的权限,可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS,就是可以同时用于好几个值,常见的有read,write,notify,indicate,知知道这几个基本就够用了,前连个是读写权限,后两个都是通知,两种不同的通知方式。
            /*
             typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
             CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast= 0x01,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyRead= 0x02,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse= 0x04,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite= 0x08,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify= 0x10,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate= 0x20,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites= 0x40,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties= 0x80,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)= 0x100,
             CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)= 0x200
             };
     
             */
            NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);
     
     
            //只有 characteristic.properties 有write的权限才可以写
            if(characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){
                /*
                    最好一个type参数可以为CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse或type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse,区别是是否会有反馈
                */
                [peripheral writeValue:value forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
            }else{
                NSLog(@"该字段不可写!");
            }
     
     
        }

    ###6 订阅Characteristic的通知

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        //设置通知
        -(void)notifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                    characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
            //设置通知,数据通知会进入:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic方法
            [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
     
        }
     
        //取消通知
        -(void)cancelNotifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
                     characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{
     
             [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
        }

    ###7 断开连接(disconnect)

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    //停止扫描并断开连接
        -(void)disconnectPeripheral:(CBCentralManager *)centralManager
                         peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
            //停止扫描
            [centralManager stopScan];
            //断开连接
            [centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
        }

    ###8 模拟器蓝牙调试,慎用,最好还是用真机去调试。

    由于在iPhone 4s之后的iOS才支持BLE,新一代的这些iOS设备又都不便宜,在做测试的时候,用iOS模拟器进行调试,可以节约一些开发成本。怎么在iOS模拟器上调试BLE,

    苹果最初给出的说明是,支持BLE的mac机子上可以用模拟器进行调试,并给出了一份技术文档(传送门),恶心的是,后来苹果抽风,又把这份文档移除,并且把iOS 7.0的模拟器上对BLE的支持也移除掉了(难道是想让大家多买设备测试?Apple sucks.)后面,网上搜了一下,解决办法如下:

    1. 买一个CSR蓝牙4.0 USB适配器(某宝上大概30块钱),在机子上插入该物(你懂的)

    2. 在Terminal下敲入sudo nvram bluetoothHostControllerSwitchBehavior="never" , 重启Mac。

    3. 用XCode 4.6调试代码,在iOS 6.1的模拟器上跑程序(用XCode 5.0跑iOS 7.0模拟器会抛异常,原因上面详诉过了,Apple sucks,你懂的)

    如何降低模拟器的IOS版本呢?

    XCode->Preferences->Downloads里面有很多simulators你可以下载

    选择个6.1的下载好了

    代码下载

    我博客中大部分示例代码都上传到了github,地址是:https://github.com/coolnameismy/demo,点击跳转代码下载地址

    本文代码存放目录是BleDemo

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liaolijun/p/6689934.html
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