FFMPEG-AVFilter研究

FFMPEG中的libswscale是做像素转换的，但是对于一些复杂的操作，比如添加水印等，这个库就不行了，这时候就要说一下另外一个AVFilter。AVFilter完全可以替代libswscale的所有功能，也许有一天，ffmpeg也会这样去做。AVFilter虽然学起来有点复杂，但是为了学好FFMPEG，为了涨工资，我忍了。(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

概念:

做个directshow的同学，对于这一块应该很了解了。

1.AVFilterGraph:和dshow中的filtergraph功能基本上一样，管理filter的，可以看成filter的一个容器。

2.AVFilter:就是一个filter啦。但是为什么叫做filter,其实就是一个过滤器，目标资源通过该过滤器总该发生一点变化是吧。。。。。

3.AVFilterLink:代表两个filter的关联媒介。

4.AVFilterPad:代表一个filter的输入输出口，就跟dshow中的pin差不多。只有输入pad的叫做source，只有输出pad的叫做sink。

下面是官方提供的一个例子：

/*
*modifier by tongli
*/
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "snprintf.h"
extern "C"
{
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h>
#include <libavfilter/avcodec.h>
#include <libavfilter/buffersink.h>
#include <libavfilter/buffersrc.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
}

const char *filter_descr = "scale=78:24";

static AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx;
static AVCodecContext *dec_ctx;
AVFilterContext *buffersink_ctx;
AVFilterContext *buffersrc_ctx;
AVFilterGraph *filter_graph;
static int video_stream_index = -1;
static int64_t last_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

static int open_input_file(const char *filename)
{
    int ret;
    AVCodec *dec;

    if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open input file
");
        return ret;
    }

    if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot find stream information
");
        return ret;
    }

    /* select the video stream */
    ret = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, &dec, 0);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot find a video stream in the input file
");
        return ret;
    }
    video_stream_index = ret;
    dec_ctx = fmt_ctx->streams[video_stream_index]->codec;
    av_opt_set_int(dec_ctx, "refcounted_frames", 1, 0);

    /* init the video decoder */
    if ((ret = avcodec_open2(dec_ctx, dec, NULL)) < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open video decoder
");
        return ret;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int init_filters(const char *filters_descr)
{
    char args[512];
    int ret = 0;
    AVFilter *buffersrc = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");
    AVFilter *buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
    AVFilterInOut *outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
    AVFilterInOut *inputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
    AVRational time_base = fmt_ctx->streams[video_stream_index]->time_base;
    enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE };

    filter_graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
    if (!outputs || !inputs || !filter_graph) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto end;
    }

    /* buffer video source: the decoded frames from the decoder will be inserted here. */
    snprintf(args, sizeof(args),
        "video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d",
        dec_ctx->width, dec_ctx->height, dec_ctx->pix_fmt,
        time_base.num, time_base.den,
        dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num, dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den);

    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",
        args, NULL, filter_graph);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer source
");
        goto end;
    }

    /* buffer video sink: to terminate the filter chain. */
    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",
        NULL, NULL, filter_graph);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer sink
");
        goto end;
    }

    ret = av_opt_set_int_list(buffersink_ctx, "pix_fmts", pix_fmts,
        AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot set output pixel format
");
        goto end;
    }

    /* Endpoints for the filter graph. */
    outputs->name = av_strdup("in");
    outputs->filter_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;
    outputs->pad_idx = 0;
    outputs->next = NULL;

    inputs->name = av_strdup("out");
    inputs->filter_ctx = buffersink_ctx;
    inputs->pad_idx = 0;
    inputs->next = NULL;

    if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filter_graph, filters_descr,
        &inputs, &outputs, NULL)) < 0)
        goto end;

    if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(filter_graph, NULL)) < 0)
        goto end;

end:
    avfilter_inout_free(&inputs);
    avfilter_inout_free(&outputs);

    return ret;
}

static void display_frame(const AVFrame *frame, AVRational time_base)
{
    int x, y;
    uint8_t *p0, *p;
    int64_t delay;
    AVRational ar_base_q = { 1, AV_TIME_BASE };
    if (frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
        if (last_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
            /* sleep roughly the right amount of time;
            * usleep is in microseconds, just like AV_TIME_BASE. */
            delay = av_rescale_q(frame->pts - last_pts,
                time_base, ar_base_q);
            if (delay > 0 && delay < 1000000)
                //usleep(delay);
                Sleep(delay);
        }
        last_pts = frame->pts;
    }

    /* Trivial ASCII grayscale display. */
    p0 = frame->data[0];
    puts("33c");
    for (y = 0; y < frame->height; y++) {
        p = p0;
        for (x = 0; x < frame->width; x++)
            putchar(" .-+#"[*(p++) / 52]);
        putchar('
');
        p0 += frame->linesize[0];
    }
    fflush(stdout);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ret;
    AVPacket packet;
    AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
    AVFrame *filt_frame = av_frame_alloc();
    int got_frame;

    if (!frame || !filt_frame) {
        perror("Could not allocate frame");
        exit(1);
    }

    av_register_all();
    avfilter_register_all();

    if ((ret = open_input_file("style.ts")) < 0)
        goto end;
    if ((ret = init_filters(filter_descr)) < 0)
        goto end;

    /* read all packets */
    while (1) {
        if ((ret = av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &packet)) < 0)
            break;

        if (packet.stream_index == video_stream_index) {
            got_frame = 0;
            ret = avcodec_decode_video2(dec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, &packet);
            if (ret < 0) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error decoding video
");
                break;
            }

            if (got_frame) {
                frame->pts = av_frame_get_best_effort_timestamp(frame);

                /* push the decoded frame into the filtergraph */
                if (av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(buffersrc_ctx, frame, AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF) < 0) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while feeding the filtergraph
");
                    break;
                }

                /* pull filtered frames from the filtergraph */
                while (1) {
                    ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, filt_frame);
                    if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
                        break;
                    if (ret < 0)
                        goto end;
                    display_frame(filt_frame, buffersink_ctx->inputs[0]->time_base);
                    av_frame_unref(filt_frame);
                }
                av_frame_unref(frame);
            }
        }
        av_free_packet(&packet);
    }
end:
    avfilter_graph_free(&filter_graph);
    avcodec_close(dec_ctx);
    avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
    av_frame_free(&frame);
    av_frame_free(&filt_frame);

    if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred: %s
"); //av_err2str(ret));
        exit(1);
    }

    exit(0);
}

未完待续。。。。