2017-6-13 Lifusen 此文章仅代表个人观点，如有问题提出请联系Q:570429601 1、Hibernate （开放源代码的对象关系映射框架） Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架，它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装，它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系，是一个全自动的orm框架，hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句，自动执行，使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合，既可以在Java的客户端程序使用，也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用，最具革命意义的是，Hibernate可以在应用EJB的J2EE架构中取代CMP，完成数据持久化的重任。 ！（Hibernate默认用的是slf4j-nop.jar日志实现方式。 但是我们可以替换成log4j的实现。但不是简单的加上log4j-1.2.17.jar就行了。 中间还需要一个转换器slf4j-log4j12-1.5.8.jar） 1.在src目录下创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件（文件名字不能修改） <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampe_h5_db</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">root</property> <!-- 为Hibernate指定不同数据库的方言 --> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <mapping class="sample.h5.entity.User" /> <!-- create and update the database automaticlly --> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- javax.persistence.validation.mode默认情况下是auto的，就是说如果不设置的话它是会自动去你的classpath下面找一个 bean-validation**包，但是找不到，所以beanvalitionFactory错误 --> <property name="javax.persistence.validation.mode">none</property> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration> 注意： hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto属性不要乱用，也可以不用 (1)<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"> create-drop </property> create-drop:表示在hebarinate初始化时创建表格,程序运行结束的时候会删除相应的表格，在实际项目中不用 (2)<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> 在hibernate初始化时会创建表格，在运行结束之后不删除表格，而是在下一次运行的时候如果有旧的删掉，没有旧的，重新建表格 (3)<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> 只是根据映射文件去和数据库中的表对应起来，如果不一致，就更新表的结构 (4)<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">validate</property> 校验映射文件和数据库中的表是不是能对应起来，不能对应报错，实际中常用 最后一条javax.persistence.validation.mode可以不用， 加上<mapping class="sample.h5.entity.User" /> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ @Entity @Table(name="tbl_book") public class Book { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name="bid") private Integer id; @Column(name="btitle") private String title; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="bcategoryid") private Category category; category--- @OneToMany(mappedBy="category") private Set<Book> books; @Column(name="otime") @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) private Date time; @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL,fetch=FetchType.EAGER, mappedBy="order")级联，紧急加载 private Set<OrderItem> items = new HashSet<OrderItem>(); //组件注解：使用Embedded注解说明，我要使用ZhangHao（组件类）类中的属性来匹配表中的列（数据库没有实体对应） @Embedded @AttributeOverrides({ @AttributeOverride(name="username", column=@Column(name="uloginid")), @AttributeOverride(name="password", column=@Column(name="uloginpsw")) }) private ZhangHao zhaoHao; @ElementCollection(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) // 将所有集合的默认抓取策略（fetch），LAZY（延迟加载）设置成EAGER（紧急加载） @CollectionTable(name="tbl_tel", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="tuid")) @Column(name="tphone") @SortNatural private SortedSet<String> phones = new TreeSet<String>(); @ElementCollection(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @CollectionTable(name="tbl_score", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="suid")) @MapKeyColumn(name="scourse") @Column(name="sscore") @SortNatural @ElementCollection(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @CollectionTable(name="tbl_recieve", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="ruid")) @MapKeyColumn(name="rname") @OrderBy(clause="rid") private Map<String, Recieve> recieves = new HashMap<String, Recieve>(); private Map<String, Integer> scores = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); @Column(name="uregistDate", updatable=false) // 日期时间类型的注解 @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE) private Date registDate; // 计算列：该注解修饰的字段（count）是根据注解指定的语句查询计算出来的值，并不存在一个叫做count的列在表中 @Formula("(select count(*) from tbl_user)") private Integer count; // 瞬时属性的注解：表示Hibernate忽略该属性 @Transient private String other; hql // 查询出一组或一个实体对象 //List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b where b.title = '西游记'").list(); 查出单个的对象（值） //Object result = session.createQuery("select avg(b.price) from Book b").uniqueResult(); // hql的更新和修改 //int row = session.createQuery("update Book b set b.price = b.price * 0.8").executeUpdate(); //System.out.println("修改了" + row +"本书的价格！"); int pageSize = 2; int pageNO = 1; List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b where b.price >= :price") .setParameter("price", 30.0) .setFirstResult((pageNO-1) * pageSize) .setMaxResults(pageSize) .list(); //String hql = "from Book b where b.title <> '西游记' and b.price >= 50 "; //String hql = "from Book b where b.title like '%记%'"; //String hql = "from Book b where b.price between 40 and 80"; //String hql = "from Book b where b.author in ('吴承恩', '司马迁')"; //String hql = "from Book b where b.category is not null"; //String hql = "select b from Book b, Category c where b.category = c"; //String hql = "select b.id, b.title, b.price from Book b"; //String hql = "select new list(b.id, b.title, b.price) from Book b"; //String hql = "select new map(b.id as ID, b.title as 标题, b.price as 价格) from Book b"; //String hql = "select new Book(b.id, b.title, b.price) from Book b"; //String hql = "from Book b where b.category.name = '历史'"; //String hql = "select b from Book b left join b.category c where c.name = '历史' "; //String hql = "select distinct c from Category c left join fetch c.books b where b.price < 30.0"; //String hql = "select c from Category c where size(c.books) > 0 order by c.id"; String hql = "select new map(b.category.name as 分类, count(b) as 图书本数, avg(b.price) as 图书平均售价) from Book b group by b.category having avg(b.price) >= 40.0 order by 图书平均售价 desc"; List<Map> list = session.createQuery(hql).list(); /* List<Order> orders = session.createCriteria(Order.class) .add(Restrictions.ge("money", 300.0)) .setResultTransformer(Criteria.DISTINCT_ROOT_ENTITY) .list(); */ 连接池 hibernate.cfg.xml <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property><!-- 连接池中最小连接数 --> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property><!-- 连接池中最大连接数 --> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">120</property><!-- 设定数据库连接超时时间，以秒为单位。如果连接池中某个数据库连接处于空闲状态且超过timeout秒时，就会从连接池中移除--> <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property> <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</property> <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</property> <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property> ehcache.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd"> <diskStore path="D:ehcacheData"/> <defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="1000" eternal="false" overflowToDisk="true" diskPersistent="true" timeToIdleSeconds="120" timeToLiveSeconds="240" maxElementsOnDisk="10000000" diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120" memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"> </defaultCache> </ehcache> 存储过程 // 创建了一个存储过程 调用器对象 ProcedureCall call = session.createStoredProcedureCall("getOrderDetails"); call.registerParameter("m", Double.class, ParameterMode.IN).bindValue(300.0); call.registerParameter("c", Long.class, ParameterMode.OUT); ProcedureOutputs outputs = call.getOutputs(); // 从存储过程的输出的对象组中，获取输出参数的值 Long count = (Long) outputs.getOutputParameterValue("c"); // 从存储过程的输出的对象组中获取结果集类型的输出结果 ResultSetOutput output = (ResultSetOutput) outputs.getCurrent(); // 从结果集类型的输出结果中，获取数据列表 List<Object[]> orderinfos = output.getResultList(); System.out.println("下单顾客 下单次数 总消费额"); for(Object[] orderinfo : orderinfos) { System.out.println(orderinfo[0] + " " + orderinfo[1] + " " + orderinfo[2]); } System.out.println(" 订单金额在200以上的订单数量是：" + count ); } 命名查询 // 调用session的创建命名查询对象的方法：createNamedQuery List<Order> orders = session.createNamedQuery("getOrdersByMoney", Order.class) .setParameter("minMoney", 300.0) .list(); for(Order o : orders) { System.out.println(o.getId() + ", " + o.getCustomer() + ", " + o.getMoney() + ", " + o.getTime() + ", " + o.getItems()); } } 存储过程2 @Test public void testSencodLevelCache() { Category c1 = session.get(Category.class, 1); System.out.println(c1.getId() +", " + c1.getName()); session.createQuery("from Category c").setCacheable(true).list(); } @Test public void testSencodLevelCache2() { Category c1 = session.get(Category.class, 1); System.out.println(c1.getId() +", " + c1.getName()); session.createQuery("from Category c").setCacheable(true).list(); } 二级缓存 List<Book> list = session.createQuery("from Book b left join fetch b.category").list(); for(Book elem : list) { System.out.println(elem); } List<Category> list2 = session.createQuery("select distinct c from Category c left join fetch c.books").list(); for(Category elem : list2) { System.out.println(elem); } 总结： 1、一级缓存是session级别的，二级缓存和查询缓存都是sessionfactory级别的，查询缓存和二级缓存是一起来使用的 2、任何sql执行都会存入到同一个session的一级缓存中去 3、同时开启查询缓存和二级缓存，可以在不同session间共享缓存的结果 4、二级缓存缓存的是实体，不是属性 5、查询缓存的结果如果只是属性，那么查询缓存中存储的是id和属性的值，如果是实体的集合，那么查询缓存存储的只是实体的id，对应的实体会存储到二级缓存中去。 6、不同session间返回数据的顺序是，二级缓存先将数据返回，然后将数据存入本session的一级缓存中去，以便下次调用时的使用 2、Struts2:Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架，它本质上相当于一个servlet，在MVC设计模式中，Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。Struts 2是Struts的下一代产品，是在 struts 1和WebWork的技术基础上进行了合并的全新的Struts 2框架。其全新的Struts 2的体系结构与Struts 1的体系结构差别巨大。Struts 2以WebWork为核心，采用拦截器的机制来处理用户的请求，这样的设计也使得业务逻辑控制器能够与ServletAPI完全脱离开，所以Struts 2可以理解为WebWork的更新产品。虽然从Struts 1到Struts 2有着太大的变化，但是相对于WebWork，Struts 2的变化很小。 1. web.xml <filter> <filter-name>struts2-filter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2-filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> 如果你的Action类没有继承ActionSupport，而你又没有在struts.xml中对应<action>标签中用method属性指定你自己的方法的话， 默认就要找execute方法，这时是必须要实现execute方法的，否则Struts2会找不到对应的方法而报错。 src下面struts.xml <struts> <!-- 配置的是全局的国际化资源包的基础包名 --> <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="myRes" /> <!-- 配置常量：struts.devMode是控制是否启用开发模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" /> <constant name="struts.ognl.allowStaticMethodAccess" value="true"></constant> <include file="struts-user.xml" /> <package name="default" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 指定当前包中的默认处理器为notFound处理器：当请求到当前包中时，没有匹配到对应的action，则执行该默认action <default-action-ref name="notFound" /> --> <action name="notFound"> <result>/WEB-INF/jsp/not-found.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts> struts-user.xml <package name="zjp" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> <!-- 全局（包范围）结果定义 --> <global-results> <result name="ex">/WEB-INF/jsp/errorHandle.jsp</result> </global-results> <!-- 全局（包范围）“异常映射”定义 --> <global-exception-mappings> <exception-mapping result="ex" exception="java.lang.Exception" /> </global-exception-mappings> <action name="userLoginForm" class="sample.s2.web.action.UserAction" method="loginForm"> <result name="success" type="dispatcher"> <param name="location">/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp</param> </result> </action> <action name="userLogin" class="sample.s2.web.action.UserAction" method="login"> <result name="success" type="redirectAction">userHome</result> <result name="error" type="chain">userLoginForm</result> </action> <action name="userHome" class="sample.s2.web.action.UserAction" method="home"> <result>/WEB-INF/jsp/home.jsp</result> </action> <action name="userRegistForm" class="sample.s2.web.action.UserAction" method="registForm"> <result>/WEB-INF/jsp/regist.jsp</result> </action> <action name="userRegist" class="sample.s2.web.action.UserAction" method="regist"> <result type="chain">userRegistForm</result> </action> </package> <package name="back" extends="struts-default" namespace="/mgr"> <global-results> <result name="ex">/WEB-INF/jsp/errorHandle.jsp</result> </global-results> <global-exception-mappings> <exception-mapping result="ex" exception="java.lang.Exception" /> </global-exception-mappings> <action name="adminLoginForm"> <result>/WEB-INF/jsp/mgr/admin-login.jsp</result> </action> </package> <s:debug></s:debug>标签 type------------chain 、dispatcher 、stream 、redirect 、redirectAction UserAction 继承ActionSupport private User u; 有get set 下面有 private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; private Date birthdate; private boolean married; private List<Integer> luckyNumbers; private List<Parent> parents; private List<Game> games; 国际化资源包myRes_zh_CN.properties 、myRes_en_US.properties <a href="/SampleStruts2/userLoginForm?request_locale=zh_CN">中文</a> | <a href="/SampleStruts2/userLoginForm?request_locale=en_US">English</a> user.home.header=Hello:{0},Welcome to the site! <h3><s:text name="user.home.header"><s:param>${currLoginId }</s:param></s:text></h3> 前端：<p><s:text name="user.login.form.label.loginId" /><input type="text" name="u.loginId" value="${loginId }" /></p> 后端：ctx.put("loginErrorMsg", super.getText("user.login.faile")); 服务器异常查看 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>服务器异常</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function showDetails() { document.getElementById('details').style.display = 'block'; } </script> </head> <body> <h3>Sorry，服务器出错了，请稍后再试！</h3> <p><a href="javascript: showDetails();">技术人员，查看详情</a></p> <div id='details' style="font-size:12px; color: red; display:none;"> <p style="font-size:14px; font-weight: bold;">${ exception }</p> <s:iterator value="#request.exception.stackTrace"> <p><s:property /></p> </s:iterator> </div> </body> </html> 传入id转成类 <p>喜欢的游戏： <s:iterator value="#allGames" var="g"> <input type="checkbox" name="u.games" value="${g.id }" />${g.name } </s:iterator> </p> src下面xwork-conversion.properties 内容sample.s2.entity.Game=sample.s2.web.typeconverter.GameTypeConverter GameTypeConverter extends StrutsTypeConverter 内容 @Override public Object convertFromString(Map context, String[] params, Class kls) { int id = Integer.parseInt(params[0]); Game game = new Game(); game.setId(id); return game; } @Override public String convertToString(Map arg0, Object obj) { Game game = (Game)obj; return "游戏信息：id=" + game.getId() + ", name=" + game.getName(); } struths验证 userAction private User u; 同包下面userAction_zh_CN.properties invalid.fieldvalue.u.age=u7528u6237u5E74u9F84u503Cu683Cu5F0Fu9519u8BEFuFF0Cu5FC5u987Bu662Fu4E2Au6574u6570 //年龄格式错误，必须是个整数 invalid.fieldvalue.u.birthdate=u51FAu751Fu65E5u671Fu683Cu5F0Fu9519u8BEFuFF0Cu5E94u8BE5u4F8Bu5982uFF1A1995-01-01 //出生日期格式错误，应该例如：1995-01-01 如果没有就在xwork.default.invalid.fieldvalue=u6570u636Eu7684u683Cu5F0Fu9519u8BEFu201C{0}u201D //数据的格式错误 前端显示<s:property value="[0].fieldErrors" /> 格式验证失败返回input 上传文件 <action name="userRegist" class="sample.s2.web.action.UserAction" method="regist"> <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"> <param name="allowedTypes">image/jpeg, image/png, image/gif</param> <param name="maximumSize">1024000</param> </interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="myDefault"/> <result name="input" type="chain">userRegistForm</result> </action> userAction_zh_CH.properties struts.messages.error.uploading=Error uploading: {0} struts.messages.error.file.too.large=u6587u4EF6{1}u592Au5927u4E86uFF0Cu5FC5u987Bu5C0Fu4E8E {4} u5B57u8282uFF01 struts.messages.error.content.type.not.allowed=u5934u50CFu6587u4EF6u5FC5u987Bu662Fu56FEu7247 struts.messages.error.file.extension.not.allowed=File extension not allowed: {0} "{1}" "{2}" {3} private File face; if(face != null) { System.out.println("face: " + face); System.out.println("faceContentType: " + faceContentType); /* 获取相对网站根路径的相应的磁盘路径 */ String realPath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload/" + faceFileName); try { FileUtils.copyFile(face, new File(realPath)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { System.out.println("用户未上传头像"); 强加验证 UserAction-userRegist-validation.xml <field name="u.age"> <field-validator type="required"> <message>年龄必填</message> </field-validator> <field-validator type="int"> <param name="min">18</param> <param name="max">40</param> <message>年龄必须在18到40岁之间</message> </field-validator> </field> <field name="u.birthdate"> <field-validator type="required"> <param name="trim">true</param> <message>出生日期不能为空</message> </field-validator> </field> </validators> 前端 <s:property value="[1].fieldErrors['u.birthdate'][0]" /> 自定义验证类型 src validators.xml <validators> <validator name="zip" class="sample.s2.web.validator.ZipValidator" /> </validators> class public class ZipValidator extends FieldValidatorSupport { @Override public void validate(Object action) throws ValidationException { String fieldName = super.getFieldName(); // "zip" String fieldValue = (String) super.getFieldValue(fieldName, action); // "610000" if(fieldValue != null && !fieldValue.equals("")) { System.out.println("fieldName: " + fieldValue); System.out.println("fieldValue: " + fieldValue); if(!Pattern.matches("^\d{6}$", fieldValue)) { super.addFieldError(fieldName, action); } } } } UserAction-userRegist-validation.xml <field name="zip"> <field-validator type="zip"> <message>邮政编码格式错误！</message> </field-validator> </field> 拦截器 <!-- 声明拦截器 --> <interceptors> <interceptor name="sample" class="sample.s2.web.interceptor.SampleInterceptor" /> <interceptor name="log" class="sample.s2.web.interceptor.LogInterceptor"> <param name="datePattern">yyyy年MM月dd日 HH点mm分ss秒</param> </interceptor> <interceptor-stack name="myDefault"> <interceptor-ref name="log" /> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> <!-- 配置默认拦截器引用： 该包下的所有未直接配置拦截器引用的action，都使用myDefault这个拦截器栈 --> <default-interceptor-ref name="myDefault" /> 文件下载 <action name="download" class="sample.s2.web.action.ResourceAction" method="download"> <result name="success" type="stream"> <param name="inputName">is</param> <param name="contentType">${contentType}</param> <param name="contentDisposition">attchement;filename=${fileName}</param> <param name="bufferSize">4096</param> </result> </action> private Integer rid; private InputStream is; private String fileName; private String contentType; //get set public String download() throws UnsupportedEncodingException { System.out.println("download... rid: " + rid); if(rid == 1001) { // 想下载/WEB-INF/resources/bbs_gd.doc this.is = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/resources/bbs_gd.doc"); this.fileName = URLEncoder.encode("bbs设计文档.doc", "utf-8"); System.out.println("fileName encode: " + this.fileName); System.out.println("fileName decode: " + URLDecoder.decode(this.fileName, "UTF-8")); this.contentType="application/msword"; } else if(rid == 1002) { // 想下载10.jpg this.is = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/resources/10.jpg"); this.fileName = "10.jpg"; this.contentType = "image/jpeg"; } // ActionContext.getContext().put("downloadError", "下载失败：必须是登录用户才能下载，现在马上<a href='#'>去登录</a>。"); return SUCCESS; } private InputStream fengJingInputName; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { this.fengJingInputName = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/resources/Ajax：2.avi"); return SUCCESS; } <action name="downloadFengJing" class="sample.s2.web.action.DownloadFengJingAction"> <!-- 启用拦截器：为当前处理器 --> <interceptor-ref name="sample" /> <interceptor-ref name="myDefault" /> <result type="stream"> <param name="inputName">fengJingInputName</param> <param name="contentDisposition">attchement;filename=Ajax：2.avi</param> </result> </action> 权限验证 <package name="management" extends="json-default" namespace="/mgr"> <interceptors> <!-- 声明“权限验证”拦截器 --> <interceptor name="authority" class="sample.s2.web.interceptor.mgr.AuthorityInterceptor"> <param name="excludeMethods">loginForm,loginCheck</param> </interceptor> <!-- 声明“后台管理默认拦截器栈” --> <interceptor-stack name="mgrDefaultStack"> <interceptor-ref name="authority" /> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> AuthorityInterceptor.java @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class AuthorityInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { ActionContext ctx = invocation.getInvocationContext(); if(ctx.getSession().get("currAdmin") == null) { ctx.put("tip", "请先登录，再进行其他操作！"); return "login"; } else { return invocation.invoke(); } } } <action name="getRandom" class="sample.s2.web.action.mgr.DemoAjaxAction" method="getRandom"> <result type="stream"> <param name="inputName">bais</param> <param name="contentType">text/html;charset=UTF-8</param> </result> </action> action name="getAllAdmins" class="sample.s2.web.action.mgr.DemoAjaxAction" method="getAllAdmins"> <result type="json"> <param name="root">admins</param> <param name="contentType">application/json;charset=UTF-8</param> </result> </action> private String type; private InputStream bais; private List<Admin> admins; public String getRandom() throws Exception { int offset = type.equals("small") ? 0 : 5; String r = (int)(Math.random() * 5) + offset + ""; // "9" bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(r.getBytes("utf-8")); return SUCCESS; } public String getAllAdmins() { admins = adminService.getAdmins(); return SUCCESS; } $(function(){ $.get("/SampleStruts2/mgr/getRandom", {"type" : "small"}, function(data){ $("#num").text(data); }); $.getJSON("/SampleStruts2/mgr/getAllAdmins", function(data){ alert(data.length); }); }); 3、Spring是一个开源框架，Spring是于2003 年兴起的一个轻量级的Java 开发框架，由Rod Johnson创建。 简单来说，Spring是一个分层的JavaSE/EEfull-stack(一站式) 轻量级开源框架。 src下面 applicationContext.xml <bean id="inkPrinter" class="demo.spring4.bean.InkPrinter" /> <bean id="lesserPrinter" class="demo.spring4.bean.LesserPrinter" /> <bean id="computer" class="demo.spring4.bean.Computer"> <property name="printer" ref="lesserPrinter" /> </bean> <bean id="zwj" class="demo.spring4.bean.Student" scope="prototype"> <property name="name" value="张无忌" /> <property name="age" value="23" /> <property name="birthdate"> <bean class="java.util.Date" /> </property> <property name="lover" ref="zm" /> <property name="loveBooks"> <list> <value>西游记</value> <value>水浒传</value> <value>三国演义</value> <value>红楼梦</value> </list> </property> <property name="scores"> <map> <entry key="HTML" value="95" /> <entry key="JSP" value="87" /> <entry key="JavaBasic" value="91" /> </map> </property> <property name="healthPoster"> <props> <prop key="height">1.81</prop> <prop key="weight">82</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="zm" class="demo.spring4.bean.Student"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="赵敏" /> <constructor-arg index="1" value="22" /> <property name="birthdate" ref="now" /><!-- ref属性代表引用了容器中的其他Bean的ID --> </bean> <bean id="now" class="java.util.Date" /> src test.properties # a common properties file name=u5F20u4E09 age=23 sex=male height=1.79 public void testProperties() { /* Properties props = System.getProperties(); for(Object key : props.keySet()) { System.out.println(key + " = " + props.get(key)); } */ Properties props = new Properties(); try { props.load(new InputStreamReader(Spring4Test.class.getResourceAsStream("/test.properties"), "UTF-8")); System.out.println(props); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/applicationContext.xml"); System.out.println("-- ApplicationContext 已经创建完成 ----------------------------- "); context.getBean("zwj"); context.getBean("zwj"); ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/applicationContext.xml"); System.out.println("-- ApplicationContext 已经创建完成 ----------------------------- "); context.getBean("zwj"); context.getBean("zwj"); 4、Spring MVC属于SpringFrameWork的后续产品，已经融合在Spring Web Flow里面。Spring 框架提供了构建 Web 应用程序的全功能 MVC 模块。使用 Spring 可插入的 MVC 架构， 从而在使用Spring进行WEB开发时，可以选择使用Spring的SpringMVC框架或集成其他MVC开发框架，如Struts1，Struts2等。 WEB-INF下面 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1"> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> src下面 springmvc-servlet.xml <context:component-scan base-package="demo.springmvc.web.controller" /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 防止无法正确访问静态资源 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> controller页面 @Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController { //类上面 @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中 @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求 Date类型转 //the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } //pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; } 前台可在Request域中取到"p" //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; } 前台用下面的Jquery代码调用 $(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); }); //redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello"; }