学习地址:官网
全英文的，有点困难，现在是边看边写，最后把代码贴上来就可以了。
想偷懒，想了下，还是算了，边学便翻译吧，不对的望大神指教了。
我的操作环境win7+python2.7+django1.6
安装django，这个配置网上一大片，百度一下就可了。
先看下安装成功没有
成功了的。
先来创建一个项目，进入我们的django安装目录
看见django-admin.py这个文件了吧，在dos下cd进这个目录。
使用python django-admin.py startproject mysite创建一个mysite的项目
目录结构会是下面这个样子的
mysite/
manage.py
mysite/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
使用 python manage.py runserver 命令运行开发服务器
出现如下信息，表明成功了
Validating models... 0 errors found May 25, 2015 - 15:50:53 Django version 1.6, using settings 'mysite.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
在浏览器输入上面那个http地址吧，it worked!
端口默认是8000，可以使用 python manage.py runserver 8080 python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
创建我们的应用，投票程序app，其实就是python的一个包而已
使用 python manage.py startapp polls创建
目录结构如下：
polls/
__init__.py
admin.py
models.py
tests.py
views.py
一个投票程序，需要有问题和选项，一个选项有一个描述和一个投票数量
在models.py文件里面配置如下：
from django.db import models
class Poll(models.Model):
question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
class Choice(models.Model):
poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
每个模块包含很多类，每个类就代表了一个数据库里面的表。
poll这个类包含了问题和创建问题的时间，choice这个类包含了选项描述和票数，ForeignKey这个函数告诉Choice都关联单一一个Poll。其实也就是数据库之间的关系。
激活我们的app
在mysite/settings.py这个文件中，修改如下：
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'polls',
)
把polls这个app加到我们的项目中。（注意，以后如果文件在这个项目中只有唯一一个，不给出路径了，比如settings.py这个文件，在这次学习的教程中，只有mysite目录下才会有）
配置我们的数据库吧：python manage.py syncdb
都是英文，但是能看懂吧，密码是要输入的哈。
看看我们的数据库（使用的是默认的sqlite，网上下一个吧，要不然打不开这个文件奥）
注意下图的箭头
用shell来操作熟悉下数据库
python manage.py shell
C:Python27Libsite-packagesdjangoinmysite>python manage.py shell Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 10 2014, 12:24:55) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win 32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. (InteractiveConsole) >>>
看看Poll这个类里面有什么数据
>>> from polls.models import Poll, Choice # Import the model classes we just wrote. # No polls are in the system yet. >>> Poll.objects.all() [] # Create a new Poll. # Support for time zones is enabled in the default settings file, so # Django expects a datetime with tzinfo for pub_date. Use timezone.now() # instead of datetime.datetime.now() and it will do the right thing. >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> p = Poll(question="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now()) # Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly. >>> p.save() # Now it has an ID. Note that this might say "1L" instead of "1", depending # on which database you're using. That's no biggie; it just means your # database backend prefers to return integers as Python long integer # objects. >>> p.id 1 # Access database columns via Python attributes. >>> p.question "What's new?" >>> p.pub_date datetime.datetime(2012, 2, 26, 13, 0, 0, 775217, tzinfo=<UTC>) # Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save(). >>> p.question = "What's up?" >>> p.save() # objects.all() displays all the polls in the database. >>> Poll.objects.all() [<Poll: Poll object>]
注释的英文就自己翻译下。
上面操作完成后，看看我们的数据库
成功加入了。
在使用Poll.objects.all()的时候输出的信息貌似没什么用，让我们改点东西
在models.py文件里面
class Poll(models.Model):
question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.question
class Choice(models.Model):
poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.choice_text
在此运行，需要退出shell后(ctrl+z)，在进。
注意，unicode这个函数只能返回一个buffer或者string，tuple和list这种都不行奥。
在使用Poll.objects.all()的时候输出就对了。
让我们在poll里增加一个判断是否是最近发表的问题函数：
from django.db import models
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
class Poll(models.Model):
question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.question
def was_published_recently(self):
return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days = 1)
class Choice(models.Model):
poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.choice_text
问题：如何修改数据库信息呢。提供一个方法，根据primarykey来获取对象进行修改
p = Poll.objects.get(pk=1) p.question #打印 p.question = newstring #修改 p.save() #记得保存
下面的代码一步一步操作吧，注释自己翻译了
>>> from polls.models import Poll, Choice
# Make sure our __unicode__() addition worked.
>>> Poll.objects.all()
[<Poll: What's up?>]
# Django provides a rich database lookup API that's entirely driven by
# keyword arguments.
>>> Poll.objects.filter(id=1)
[<Poll: What's up?>]
>>> Poll.objects.filter(question__startswith='What')
[<Poll: What's up?>]
# Get the poll that was published this year.
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> current_year = timezone.now().year
>>> Poll.objects.get(pub_date__year=current_year)
<Poll: What's up?>
# Request an ID that doesn't exist, this will raise an exception.
>>> Poll.objects.get(id=2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
DoesNotExist: Poll matching query does not exist.
# Lookup by a primary key is the most common case, so Django provides a
# shortcut for primary-key exact lookups.
# The following is identical to Poll.objects.get(id=1).
>>> Poll.objects.get(pk=1)
<Poll: What's up?>
# Make sure our custom method worked.
>>> p = Poll.objects.get(pk=1)
>>> p.was_published_recently()
True
# Give the Poll a couple of Choices. The create call constructs a new
# Choice object, does the INSERT statement, adds the choice to the set
# of available choices and returns the new Choice object. Django creates
# a set to hold the "other side" of a ForeignKey relation
# (e.g. a poll's choices) which can be accessed via the API.
>>> p = Poll.objects.get(pk=1)
# Display any choices from the related object set -- none so far.
>>> p.choice_set.all()
[]
# Create three choices.
>>> p.choice_set.create(choice_text='Not much', votes=0)
<Choice: Not much>
>>> p.choice_set.create(choice_text='The sky', votes=0)
<Choice: The sky>
>>> c = p.choice_set.create(choice_text='Just hacking again', votes=0)
# Choice objects have API access to their related Poll objects.
>>> c.poll
<Poll: What's up?>
# And vice versa: Poll objects get access to Choice objects.
>>> p.choice_set.all()
[<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]
>>> p.choice_set.count()
3
# The API automatically follows relationships as far as you need.
# Use double underscores to separate relationships.
# This works as many levels deep as you want; there's no limit.
# Find all Choices for any poll whose pub_date is in this year
# (reusing the 'current_year' variable we created above).
>>> Choice.objects.filter(poll__pub_date__year=current_year)
[<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]
# Let's delete one of the choices. Use delete() for that.
>>> c = p.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith='Just hacking')
>>> c.delete()
最后你的polls_choice表里面应该如下
总结：
其实内容不多，主要就是演示了创建项目，创建应用，以及使用的几个主要的命令和文件
主要命令 :
djang-admin.py startproject prjname
manage.py startapp appname
主要文件:
settings.py 用于配置，比如app，模版这些
models.py 主要是和数据库配置相关
数据库操作:
创建数据：就相当于创建一个类对象，最后要使用save函数进行保存
修改数据：使用primarykey获取对象后直接修改，save一下
obj = Ojbcet.objects.get(pk=1) obj.sth = string obj.save()
数据筛选：主要使用filter，可以使用
关联数据库操作：需要在类名后面加上_set表明是一个数据集。
下一篇主要学习django强大的后台管理。