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Centos7安装MySQL8.0

请到这个地址看：https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/10482469.html Centos7安装MySQL8.0 - 操作手册
一、yum安装方式：

卸载之前版本的mysql：

[root@DB-node01 ~]# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done
[root@DB-node01 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

下载地址:  https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QzYaSnzAQeTqAmk8FE9doA  提取密码: 2maw

安装、启动、第一次登录

[root@DB-node01 ~]# yum localinstall https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm #安装yum源文件
[root@DB-node01 ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
[root@DB-node01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@DB-node01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@DB-node01 ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-03-06T01:53:19.897262Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: e53xDalx.*dE
[root@DB-node01 ~]# mysql -p'e53xDalx.*dE'
########

修改密码、密码复杂性要求

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
 
mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;　　--Mysql5.7有点不一样了.
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
   
mysql> set global validate_password.length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  --接着再修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
   
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
############

查看基本信息：

mysql> select version();  --查看版本
mysql> show global variables like 'port'; --查看服务端口
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;  --查看mysql连接的授权信息
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | $A$005${7J0=4Dc7Jym8eI/FU4jimKWFvkD9XmoAkF1ca5.Un0bc6zgmPtU.0          |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#######
mysql5.7之后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string。

mysql> select host,user,password from mysql.user;  --这是mysql5.6及以下版本的查看命令,  
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'

============================= mysql8.0修改用户密码命令 ================================
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
 
二、二进制安装 
下载Mysql8.0.12地址:  https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LyXrkrCPP7QKLrWYbLRBlw
提取密码:  emmf
删除系统默认或之前可能安装的其他版本的mysql

[root@mysql8-node ~]# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done
[root@mysql8-node ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

安装依赖包，创建用户、解压安装包

[root@mysql8-node ~]# yum -y install libaio
[root@mysql8-node ~]# yum -y install net-tools
[root@mysql8-node ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@mysql-node src]# tar -zvxf mysql8.0.12_bin_centos7.tar.gz
[root@mysql-node src]# mv mysql /usr/local/
[root@mysql-node src]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
 
将命令加入环境变量

[root@mysql-node src]# vim /home/mysql/.bash_profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
[root@mysql-node src]# source /home/mysql/.bash_profile
[root@mysql-node src]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@mysql-node src]# source /etc/profile

创建数据目录

[root@mysql-node src]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}         
[root@mysql-node src]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

配置mysql
[root@mysql-node src]# su - mysql
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ vim /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names          = 1
user                            = mysql
server_id                       = 1
port                            = 3306
 
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
enforce_gtid_consistency        = ON
gtid_mode                       = ON
binlog_checksum                 = none
default_authentication_plugin   = mysql_native_password
datadir                         = /data/mysql/data
pid-file                        = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid
socket                          = /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
tmpdir                          = /data/mysql/tmp/
skip-name-resolve               = ON
open_files_limit                = 65535
table_open_cache                = 2000
 
################# innodb ########################
innodb_data_home_dir            = /data/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path           = ibdata1:512M;ibdata2:512M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 12000M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 600
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 85
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
innodb_file_per_table
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
 
innodb_undo_directory           = /data/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir       = /data/mysql/data
 
################### session ###########################
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 256M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
tmp_table_size = 96M
read_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
 
############ log set ###################
log-error                       = /data/mysql/log/mysqld.err
log-bin                         = /data/mysql/binlog/binlog
log_bin_index                   = /data/mysql/binlog/binlog.index
max_binlog_size                 = 500M
slow_query_log_file             = /data/mysql/log/slow.log
slow_query_log                  = 1
long_query_time                 = 10
log_queries_not_using_indexes   = ON
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes  = 10
log_slow_admin_statements       = ON
log_output                      = FILE,TABLE
master_info_file                = /data/mysql/binlog/master.info

 初始化、启动、登录、重置初始密码

6) 初始化 (稍等一会儿, 可以到/data/mysql/log/mysqld.err日子里查看初始化过程, 看看有没有error信息)
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql 
 
7) 启动mysqld
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf & 
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ lsof -i:3306
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  24743 mysql   23u  IPv6 23132988      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
 
8) 登录mysql, 重置密码
本地首次使用sock文件登录mysql是不需要密码的
[mysql@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
.............
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
退出, 此时密码重置后, 就不能使用sock文件无密码登录了
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
 
做sock文件的软链接
[root@mysql-node ~]# ln -s /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -p123456
或者
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
.............
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.12    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 授权

#授予用户权限. 必须先要创建用户, 才能授权!!
(创建用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant授权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 否则grant授权就会报错!)
mysql> create user 'kevin'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'kevin'@'%' with grant option; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | kevin            | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> update mysql.user set host='172.16.60.%' where user="kevin";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host        | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 172.16.60.% | kevin            | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost   | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>  create user 'bobo'@'172.16.60.%' identified by '123456';      
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bobo'@'172.16.60.%';     
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host        | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 172.16.60.% | bobo             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| 172.16.60.% | kevin            | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| localhost   | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost   | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> show grants for kevin@'172.16.60.%';
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for kevin@172.16.60.%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `kevin`@`172.16.60.%` WITH GRANT OPTION |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL单机多实例安装配置上面已经有了一个3306端口的MySQL实例, 现在需要再起来两个实例, 分别为3307, 3308. 操作如下:
 创建数据目录、生成和修改mysql配置文件

#创建实例的数据目录
[root@mysql-node ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql3307/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}      
[root@mysql-node ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql3308/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}     
[root@mysql-node ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3307
[root@mysql-node ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3308
 
#配置mysql
[root@mysql-node ~]# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3307/conf/
[root@mysql-node ~]# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3308/conf/
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3307/#g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3308/#g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's/3306/3307/g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf  
[root@mysql-node ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql*

初始化实例、启动mysql、设置密码

 进行初始化两个实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql 
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql
 
接着启动mysqld
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf &
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql    23996     1  0 14:37 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf
mysql    24743 23996  0 14:38 ?        00:00:17 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/data/mysql/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3306
root     30473 23727  0 15:33 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
mysql    31191 30473 17 15:33 pts/0    00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql3307/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql3307/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3307
root     31254 23727  0 15:33 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf
mysql    31977 31254 39 15:33 pts/0    00:00:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql3308/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql3308/log/mysqld.err --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.pid --socket=/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock --port=3308
root     32044 23727  0 15:34 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
 
[root@mysql-node ~]# lsof -i:3307
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  31191 mysql   22u  IPv6 23144844      0t0  TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-node ~]# lsof -i:3308
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  31977 mysql   22u  IPv6 23145727      0t0  TCP *:tns-server (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-node ~]# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  24743 mysql   23u  IPv6 23132988      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
 
登录3307端口实例, 并设置密码
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock
............
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
 
退出, 使用新密码登录
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456   
.............
mysql>
 
同理, 登录3308端口实例, 并设置密码
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock
...........
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
 
退出, 使用新密码登录
[root@mysql-node ~]# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
....................
mysql>
 
==========================================
3306, 3307, 3308三个端口实例的启动命令分别为:
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/conf/my.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
 
登录命令分别为:
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456

编写mysql多端口实例的登录脚本上面的多端口实例配置之后, 查看一个登录脚本:myin (注意将脚本中的密码改为自己的密码)编写登录脚本并授权（此处故障解决方法在下方）

[root@mysql-node ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
-rwxrwxr-x 1 mysql mysql 161 Aug 22  2018 /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
[root@mysql-node ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
 
p=$1
shift
mysql -h"127.0.0.1" -P"$p" --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uroot -p'123456' -A --prompt="(u@p)[d]> " "$@"
　
尝试登录

[mysql@mysql-node ~]# myin 3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '127.0.0.1' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server

解决方法
这是因为各个端口实例中的root用户授权的是localhost, 而不是127.0.0.1, 则可以再次添加一个针对127.0.0.1的root用户授权或者将myin脚本中的127.0.0.1 修改为 localhost

[root@mysql-node ~]# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/localhost/g' /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
[root@mysql-node ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
 
p=$1
shift
mysql -h"localhost" -P"$p" --default-character-set=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uroot -p'123456' -A --prompt="(u@p)[d]> " "$@"
 
则现在可以登录各个实例了, 登录命令为"myin port"
 
登录3306端口实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# myin 3306
>
 
登录3307端口实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# myin 3307
>
 
登录3308端口实例
[root@mysql-node ~]# myin 3308
>

生产环境下的思路: 同一个业务库单独放在一个实例下, 不要混用数据库. 单机多实例间可以做主从或主主同步, 也可以在多机多实例之间坐主从或主主同步.
比如: 
A机器有三个实例:  3310, 3311, 3312
B机器有三个实例:  3310, 3311, 3312
C机器有三个实例:  3310, 3311, 3312 
则三台机器的每个对应的端口实例之间做主从或主主同步(GTID, MGR), 一主两从, 或三主模式.  (多实例环境最好不要用3306端口, 否则经常会出现一些误操作)
三、Mysql8.0使用过程中踩过的一些坑1)  创建用户和授权
在mysql8.0创建用户和授权和之前不太一样了，其实严格上来讲，也不能说是不一样, 只能说是更严格, mysql8.0需要先创建用户(创建用户时要带@并指定地址, 则grant授权时的地址就是这个@后面指定的!, 否则grant授权就会报错!)和设置密码,然后才能授权。

mysql> create user 'kevin'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'kevin'@'%' with grant option;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> create user 'bobo'@'%' identified by '123456';    
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
 
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bobo'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | bobo             | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1  |
| %         | kevin            | $A$005$hy`U}ZB#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85       |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | $A$005$/VO_y^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2       |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

如果还是用Mysql5.7及之前版本的直接授权的方法, 会有报错:

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'shibo'@'%' identified by '123456';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by '123456'' at line 1

2)  Mysql8.0默认是不能使用root账号进行远程登录的! root账号只能本地登录!

mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | bobo             | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 |
| %         | kevin            | $A$005$hy`U}ZB#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root             | $A$005$/VO_y^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2 |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
如果想要远程登录, 则需要进行update更新下root账号的权限
mysql> update mysql.user set host='%' where user="root";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
 
mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| %         | bobo             | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1  |
| %         | kevin            | $A$005$hy`U}ZB#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85       |
| %         | root             | $A$005$/VO_y^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2       |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这样就能在远程使用root账号登录该mysql8.0的数据库了
3) 修改root账号权限, 允许root账号远程登录后, 用navicat进行mysql的远程连接时，出现了弹窗报错： 
 
出现这个原因是mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password, 而在mysql8之后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password, 解决问题方法有两种:
1) 一种是升级navicat驱动;
2) 一种是把mysql用户登录密码加密规则还原成mysql_native_password;
这里选择第二种方法来解决:

#修改加密规则
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;       
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
 
#更新一下用户的密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
 
#刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

这样问题就解决了。
4) sqlyog链接时出现2058异常

1) 使用sqlyog链接时会出现2058的异常，此时我们需要修改mysql，命令行登录mysql（与修改密码中登录相同，使用修改后的密码），然后执行下面的命令：
   mysql > ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
   其中password为自己修改的密码。然后SQLyog中重新连接，则可连接成功，OK。
 
2) 如果报错：ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'localhost'则使用下面命令：
   mysql > ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

5) 修改默认编码方式

mysql8.0默认编码方式为utf8mb4，因此使用时不需要修改，可使用如下命令查看：
mysql > SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
 
如果需要修改其他编码方式，比如需要修改为utf8mb4，可以使用如下方式：
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf, 找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容：
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
 
然后重启mysqld服务即可, 其中:
character_set_client  (客户端来源数据使用的字符集)
character_set_connection     (连接层字符集)
character_set_database   (当前选中数据库的默认字符集)
character_set_results (查询结果字符集)
character_set_server (默认的内部操作字符集)
 
========================================
数据库连接参数中:
characterEncoding=utf8 会被自动识别为utf8mb4，也可以不加这个参数，会自动检测。
而autoReconnect=true 是必须加上的。

6) 部分参数配置查询命令

#查询mysql最大连接数设置
mysql> show global variables like 'max_conn%';
mysql> SELECT @@MAX_CONNECTIONS AS 'Max Connections';
 
# 查看最大链接数
mysql> show global status like 'Max_used_connections';
 
# 查看慢查询日志是否开启以及日志位置
mysql> show variables like 'slow_query%';
 
# 查看慢查询日志超时记录时间
mysql> show variables like 'long_query_time';
 
# 查看链接创建以及现在正在链接数
mysql> show status like 'Threads%';
 
# 查看数据库当前链接
mysql> show processlist;
 
# 查看数据库配置
mysql> show variables like '%quer%'; 

***************当你发现自己的才华撑不起野心时，就请安静下来学习吧***************
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxws/p/10743631.html