linux系统中部署网络文件共享NFS（两台linux主机实现文件共享）

NFS：网络文件系统

NFS：实现两台linux主机之间文件共享

文件共享：一台主机的指定目录可以挂在至另一台主机的特定目录，实现文件的编辑、查看等

NFS：相对于samba部署简单

NFS服务模式：服务器端/客户端

下面实验中PC1为服务器端，IP为192.168.10.10； PC2为客户机端，IP为192.168.10.20。

1、在PC1服务器端安装NFS

[root@PC1 ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
rhel7                                                    | 4.1 kB     00:00     
Package 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do  ## 默认已经安装

2、在PC1服务器端清空防火墙策略

[root@PC1 ~]# iptables -F
[root@PC1 ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[  OK  ]

3、在PC1服务器端创建共享目录，并给与足够的权限

[root@PC1 ~]# mkdir /pc1share
[root@PC1 ~]# chmod -R 777 /pc1share/
[root@PC1 pc1share]# echo 'i am pc1' > pc1.txt

4、 在PC1服务器端修改NFS配置文件

[root@PC1 ~]# vim /etc/exports
/pc1share 192.168.10.*(rw,sync,root_squash)  ## 定义共享目录，针对的IP范围，读写权限，数据同步，NFS用户映射为匿名用户

5、在PC1服务器端启动RPC服务（远程过程调用？），NFS服务

[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind.service
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl enable nfs-server.service 
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/nfs.target.wants/nfs-server.service'
[root@PC1 ~]# systemctl status nfs
nfs-server.service - NFS Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Wed 2020-12-16 01:18:53 CST; 29s ago
 Main PID: 4156 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.service

Dec 16 01:18:53 PC1 systemd[1]: Starting NFS Server...
Dec 16 01:18:53 PC1 systemd[1]: Started NFS Server.

6、在PC2客户机端测试与PC1主机的连通性

[root@PC2 Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 3
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.20  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe25:bb3e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
[root@PC2 Desktop]# ping -c 3 192.168.10.10
PING 192.168.10.10 (192.168.10.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.207 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.231 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.208 ms

--- 192.168.10.10 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.207/0.215/0.231/0.016 ms

7、在PC2客户端查看PC1服务器的共享信息

[root@PC2 Desktop]# showmount -e 192.168.10.10
Export list for 192.168.10.10:
/pc1share 192.168.10.*

8、在PC2客户机端创建挂载点

[root@PC2 Desktop]# mkdir /pc2dir

9、在PC2客户机端修改开机自动挂载文件

[root@PC2 Desktop]# vim /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Dec  2 16:46:09 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
UUID=5cc50fd7-fef7-4902-a0f6-d583b437954d /boot                   xfs     defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
192.168.10.10:/pc1share /pc2dir nfs     defaults        0       0       

10、在PC2客户机端挂载

[root@PC2 Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   18G  2.9G   15G  17% /
devtmpfs               985M     0  985M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  994M   80K  994M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  994M  8.8M  986M   1% /run
tmpfs                  994M     0  994M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1              497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
[root@PC2 Desktop]# mount -a
[root@PC2 Desktop]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root     18G  2.9G   15G  17% /
devtmpfs                 985M     0  985M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    994M   80K  994M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    994M  8.8M  986M   1% /run
tmpfs                    994M     0  994M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  119M  379M  24% /boot
192.168.10.10:/pc1share   18G  3.0G   15G  17% /pc2dir

11、验证

[root@PC2 Desktop]# cd /pc2dir/
[root@PC2 pc2dir]# ls
pc1.txt
[root@PC2 pc2dir]# cat pc1.txt 
i am pc1
[root@PC2 pc2dir]# echo 'i am pc2' > pc2.txt

[root@PC1 pc1share]# pwd
/pc1share
[root@PC1 pc1share]# ls
pc1.txt  pc2.txt
[root@PC1 pc1share]# cat pc2.txt 
i am pc2

以上实验实现了部署NFS在两台linux主机之间进行文件共享，配置较samba服务简单。