MySQL字符编码问题，Incorrect string value

MySQL上插入汉字时报错例如以下。详细见后面分析。

Incorrect string value: 'xD0xC2xC8AxBEW' for column 'ctnr' at row 1


MySQL字符集相关參数：
character_set_server ：  服务器字符集
collation_server     ： 服务器校对规则 


character_set_database ： 默认数据库的字符集
collation_database     ： 默认数据库的校对规则


character_set_client：server使用该变量取得链接中客户端的字符集


character_set_connection：server将客户端的query从character_set_client转换到该变量指定的字符集。
character_set_results：server发送结果集或返回错误信息到client之前应该转换为该变量指定的字符集




有两个语句能够设置连接字符集。例如以下：
A
SET NAMES 'charset_name' 相当于以下三句：
mysql> SET character_set_client = x;
mysql> SET character_set_results = x;
mysql> SET character_set_connection = x;   #这个也设置了collation_connection的默认值x


B
SET CHARACTER SET charset_name 相当于以下三句：
mysql> SET character_set_client = x;
mysql> SET character_set_results = x;
mysql> SET collation_connection = @@collation_database;


character_set_results为NULL时，server对返回结果集不做不论什么转换
mysql> SET character_set_results = NULL;


由于字符集编码引起的问题在pg上报的错是：invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8"。详细见參考

http://blog.csdn.net/beiigang/article/details/39582583

MySQL上字符集编码引起的问题报：Incorrect string value，详细见以下实验：

1
mysql> show variables like '%character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                        |
| character_set_connection | gbk                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | gbk                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


2
mysql> create table tb_tt (id int, ctnr varchar(60));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)


3
mysql> show create table tb_tt;
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table
                                                     |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------+
| tb_tt | CREATE TABLE `tb_tt` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ctnr` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


4
mysql>  insert into tb_tt(id,ctnr) values(1,'新華網');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)


5
mysql> select * from tb_tt;
+------+--------+
| id   | ctnr   |
+------+--------+
|    1 | 新華網 |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)


6
mysql> set names 'UTF8';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


7
mysql> show variables like '%character_set%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


8
mysql>  insert into tb_tt(id,ctnr) values(2,'新華網');
ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: 'xD0xC2xC8AxBEW' for column 'ctnr' at row 1

9

If you change the default character set or collation for a database,
stored routines that use the database defaults must be dropped and
recreated so that they use the new defaults. (In a stored routine,
variables with character data types use the database defaults if the
character set or collation are not specified explicitly. See [HELP
CREATE PROCEDURE].)

參考：

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/globalization.html

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/alter-database.html

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